Who invented the World Wide Web?

Tim Berners-Lee (born 1955) invented the World Wide Web. His first version of the Web was a program named “Enquire”. At the time, Berners-Lee was working at CERN, the Europian Particle Physics Laboratory located in Geneva, Switzerland. He invented the system as a way of sharing scientific data (and other information) around the world, using the Internet, a world-wide network of computers and hypertext documents. He wrote the language HTML (HyperText Mark-up Language), the basic language for the Web, and devised URL’s (universal resource locators) to designate the location of each web page. HTTP (HyperText Transfer Protocol) was his set of rules for linking to pages on the Web. After he wrote the first browser in 1990, the World Wide Web was up and going. Its growth was (and still is) phenomenal, and has changed the world, making information more accessible than ever before in history.

Burners-Lee is now a Principle Research Scientist at the Laboratory for Computer Science at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) and the Director of the W3 Consortium.

Words:

global network – глобальная сеть

to link – соединять, связывать

exchange - обиен

host – хост (компьютер, подключенный к сети Интернет)

to gain, get access – получить доступ

remote terminal – дистанционный терминал

server - сервер

formatted - форматированный

hypertext document – гипертекстовый документ

markup – разметка документа в HTML-формате

HTML(HyperText Markup Language) – язык HTML (стандартный язык, используемый для создания страниц WWW)

URL (Universal Resource Locator) – универсальный указатель информационного ресурса (стандартизированная строка символов, указывающая местонахождение документа в сети Интернет)

application – приложение, прикладная программа

browser (Web browser) – Web – броузер (программа для просмотра Web-страниц в сети Интернет)

as long as – пока; до тех пор, пока

 

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What is ISP?

 

There are many ways to gain access the Internet. One of the ways is to gain access with the help of commercial Internet Service Provider (ISP). ISPs are also called IAPs (Internet Access Providers).

ISP is a company that provides access to the Internet. For a monthly fee, the service provider gives you a username, password and access phone number. Equipped with a modem, you can then log on to the Internet and browser the World Wide Web, and send and receive e-mail.

 

What is a Browser?

Short for Web browser, a software application used to locate and display Web pages. The two most popular browsers are Netscape Navigator and Microsoft Internet Explorer. Both of these are graphical browsers, which means that they can display graphics as well as text. In addition, most modern browsers can present multimedia information, including sound and video.

 

What is E-mail?

E-mail is the abbreviation for electronic mail, the transmission of messages over communications networks. The messages can be notes entered from the keyboard or electronic files stored on disk. Most computer networks have an e-mail system. All Internet Service Providers offer e-mail services so that you can exchange mail with other users. Usually, it takes only a few seconds or minutes for mail to arrive at its destination. Companies that are fully computerized widely use of e-mail because it is fast, flexible and reliable.

Sent messages are stored in electronic mailboxes until the recipient fetches them. To see if you have any mail, you may have to check your electronic mailbox periodically, although many systems tell you when mail is received. After reading your mail, you can store it in a text file, forward it to other users, or delete it.

What is IP Address?

IP address is an identifier for a computer in network. Networks using the NCP/IP protocol route messages based on the IP address of the destination. IP address is written as four numbers separated by periods. Each number can be zero to 255. for example, 1.160.10.240 could be an IP address.

 

What is Web Server?

 

Web server is a computer that delivers (services up) Web pages. Any computer can be turned into a Web server by installing server software and connecting the machine to the Internet. Every Web server has an IP address and possibly a domain name.

What is Domain Name?

A name that identifies one or more IP addresses. There are only a limited number of such domains. For example:

gov – Government agencies

edu – Educational institutions

org – Organizations (nonprofit)

mil - Military

com – commercial business

net – Network organizations

ca - Canada

th - Thailand

ru - Russia

 

Words:

communication network – сеть связи

IP (Internet protocol) – Интернет - протокол

IP address – IP-адрес (используется для идентификации узла в сети и для определения информации маршрутизации; состоит из идентификатора сети (network ID) и идентификатора хоста (host ID), присвоенного сетевым администратором

TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol) – протокол управления передачей IP-адреса

to route messages – прокладывать маршрут передачи сообщения

 

Questions:

1. What is Internet?

2. What is e-mail?

3. What is World Wide Web?

4. What is Web browser?

5. What is Internet provider?

6. What are the types of domain names?

 

 

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