Task. What is hardware and software? 


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Task. What is hardware and software?



1. Software

2. Programme

3. Mouse

4. CPU

5. Peripheral devices

6. CD-ROM

7. Word processor

8. Modem

9. Web-browser

10.Operating system

11.Scanner
12. Printer

13. Display

14. Applications software

15. Disk drives.

 

 

Tests.

Test 1.

1.Input-output devices allow the computer to____ with its external environment.

a) compute; b) command; c) communicate.

2. An I/O interface is a special_____ that converts input data to the internal codes.

a) register; b) processor; c) plotter.

3. The______ devices allow the computer to communicate with its external environment.

a) high-speed; b) medium-speed; c) low-speed.

4. The low-speed devices are those with complex mechanical motion or those that operate at the speed of a human operator.

a) mechanical; b) electrical; c) electronic.

5. Data are entered from a______ in a manner similar to typing.

a) keyboard; b) digitizer; c) printer.

6. A remote banking terminal is an example of a______ input environment.

a) human-dependent; b) human-independent; c) human-related.

7. Input_____ match the physical or electrical characteristics of input devices to the requirements of the computer system.

a) interconnections; b) interfaces; c) intercommunication.

8. They_____ data into the binary codes.

a) transmit; b)translate; c)transform

 

 

Test 2.

1. Scanner

2. Keyboard

3. Touch pad

4. Mouse

5. Plotter

6. Joystick

7. Digital camera

8. Magnetic disc

9. Printer

 

a) a device producing output in a hu­man-readable format;

b) a manipulator used mainly in com­puter games;

c) a device enabling to get video imag­es in digital form;

d) a device converting the finger move­ment into the cursor movement across the screen;

e) a device for direct data entry, which can convert images into the comput­er form;

f) a special pen that can draw and in­put texts;

g) a device inputting numerical and text data by means of keys;

h) an optic-mechanical device helping the user select images on computer display due to rotating balls;
i) an entirely electronic high-speed device keeping information.

 

Unit X.

Personal computer.

Text 1.

What is a Personal Computer?

 

 

 

1 — system unit; 2 — monitor; 3 — keyboard; 4 — mouse; 5 — printer 6 — flatbed scanner

 

Personal computers (PC) are small, relatively inexpensive computers for an individual user. Their price can be from a few hundred dollars in thousands of dollars. All are based on the microprocessor technology this enables manufacturers to put an entire CPU on one chip. Personal computers are used in business for word processing, accounting, and desktop publishing. At home, the most popular use for personal computers is for playing games.

Personal computers first appeared in the late 1970s. One of the first and most popular personal computers was the Apple II, made in 1977 by Apple Computer. Then, in 1981, IBM (International Business Machines) made its first personal computer, known as the IBM PC. The IBM P< quickly became the most popular personal computer.

 

Words:

individual — индивидуальный,

личный user — пользователь

microprocessor =chip — микропроцессор CPU (central processing unit) — центральный процессор

word processing — электронная обработка текста

accounting — бухгалтерское дело

desktop publishing — настольные издательские средства

 

Questions:

 

1. What is a personal computer?

2. What are personal computers used for?

3. What were the first models of PC?

 

 

Text 2.

Personal computers.

Personal computers are supposed to appear in the late 1970s. One of the first and most popular personal computers was the Aррlе II, introduced in 1977 by Apple Computer. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, new models and competitive oper­ating systems seemed to appear daily. Then, in 1981, IBM en­tered the fray with its first personal computer, known as the IBM PC. The IBM PC quickly became the personal computer of choice, and most other personal computer manufacturers fell by the way-side. One of the few companies to survive IBM's on­slaught was Apple Computer, which is sure to remain a major player in the personal computer marketplace. In less than a de­cade the microcomputer has been transformed from a calcula­tor and hobbyist's toy into a personal computer for almost ev­eryone.

What is a personal computer? How can this device be char­acterized?

— First, a personal computer being microprocessor-based, its central processing unit, called a microprocessor unit, or MPU, is concentrated on a single silicon chip.

— Second, a PC has a memory and word size that are smaller than those of minicomputers and large computers. Typical word sizes are 8 or 16 bits, and main memories range in size from 16 К to 512 K.

— Third, a personal computer uses smaller, less expensive, and less powerful input, output and storage components than do large computer systems. Most often, input is by means of a keyboard, soft-copy output being displayed on a cathode-ray tube screen. Hard-copy output is produced on a low-speed character printer.

— A PC employs floppy disks as the principal online and offline storage devices and also as input and output me­dia.

— Finally, a PC is a general-purpose, stand-alone system that can begin to work when plugged in and be moved from place to place.

Probably the most distinguishing feature of a personal com­puter is that it is used by an individual, usually in an interactive mode. Regardless of the purpose for which it is used, either for leisure activities in the home or for business applications in the office, we can consider it to be a personal computer.

 

 

Words:

personal computers — персональные компьютеры

competitive operating systems — конкурирующая опера­ционная система

IBM (International Business Machine) — фирма по про­изводству компьютеров

to enter the fray — ввязаться в драку

computer of choice — лучший компьютер

to fall by the wayside — остаться в стороне; уступить до­рогу

to survive onslaught — выдержать конку­ренцию

word size — размер слова; разрядность двоичного слова

soft-copy output — вывод электронной, программно-управляемой копии

hard-copy output — вывод «твердой» печатной копии

online storage — неавтономное хранение данных в ЗУ

offline storage — автономное хранение данных отдельно от компьютера

input media — носитель для входных данных

output media — носитель для выходных данных

general-purpose — универсальный; общего назначения

stand-alone — автономный

to plug in — подключать; подсоединять

leisure activities — досуговая деятельность

 



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