Photosynthetical production, intensive and extensive, fish culture, aquaculture systems, aquaculture, a labour intensive and a high risk bio-industry.

1.11. Tell true or false:

1. Extensive adoption is a full complement of culture techniques.

2. Intensive adoption is based on local photosynthetical production.

3. Semi-intensive adoption is of high level technology.

4. The management of these kinds of aquaculture systems is the same.

5. Despite the fact that fish culture is an age-old practice in some regions of the world, it is relatively new as a significant industry in the most countries.

1.12. Explain the following aquatic terms:

a) extensive adoption;

b) intensive adoption;

c) semi-intensive adoption;

d) small scale rural aquaculture

e) large scale vertically integrated aquaculture.

 

Step 2

Grammar Point

(speaking-writing)

 

Choose the right form of the verb from the brackets.Explain your choice.

1. Five years ago he... a student.	a – will be,
b – was,
c – were.
2. He...... the text and now he can retell it.	a – was reading,
b – read,
c – has read.
3. Where... you put your bag? I cann’t find it.	a – did,
b – have,
c – has.
4. He... smoking last year.	a – stops,
b – stopped,
c – had stopped.
5. You... him a telegram last week.	a – had send,
b – sends,
c – send.
6. I... never... a car before.	a – have driven,
b – drives,
c – drove.
7. I...... where to go tonight.	a – has decided,
b – have decided,
c – decided.
8.... you.... this book before?	a – has read,
b – have read,
c – will read.
9. She...... her key already.	a – has found,
b – have found,
c – finds.
10. They...... their dinner already.	a – had,
b – has,
c – have

2.2. Choose the right verb-form from the brackets.Translate the sentences.

1. I...her since she was practically a little girl	a – did not see,
b – havenot seen,
c – do not see.
2. I’m so sorry. I......the cup.	a – break,
b – breaks,
c – have broken.
3. She was glad she.........his address.	a – о did not loose,
b – had not lost,
c – has not lost.
4. I was very much surprise when I heard she......home.	a – has left, left,
b – had
c – have left
5. Yesterday we discussed the film which we...... before.	a – has seen,
b – hаd seen,
c – saw

 

Traslate into Emglish.

1. Коли Ольга прийшла додому, ії сестра вже полила квіти.

2. Ми читали книжку, яку я купив у Києві.

3. Мій брат зателефонував, що він уже склав іспит з матаматики.

4. Він подякував мені, за те, що я зробив для нього.

5. Його батько почав працюват на заводі, коли йому було 20.

 

Step 3

Project Work Discussion. Production Phases

(speaking-reading-speaking-writing)

Read and translate text B. Pick up unknown words from the text, use the dictionary.

Text B. Production phases

There are several categories for production of aquaculture products: 1) food organisms, 2) bait industry, 3) aquaria trade-ornamental and feeder fish, 4) fee fishing, 5) pond and lake stockings, 6) biological supply houses. Regardless of the above mentioned categories, each of them involves some production phases: 1) securing and spawning of brood stock, 2) hatching of eggs, 3) growing fry to produce fingerlings, 4) stocking and grow-out of fingerlings to marketable size. Some farmers will perform all phases of production while others may specialize and skip one or more of the four phases of production. These farmers may, for example, produce only fingerlings to sell to farmers who will in turn grow those fish for market as food fish. The number of production levels chosen for an individual farm usually is based on: the size of the operation, expertise, amount of capital available to purchase specialized equipment and personal preference. Marketing is very important in the production of any type of aquaculture species. The aquaculturist may be faced with a serious obstacle without a well-thought-out marketing plan.

3.2. Enlist production phases in aquaculture farming:

1.

2.

3.

4.

Write a plan to the text

 

Test 5

Choose the right answer:

1. I often … my granny in summer.	a – visits; visited.
b – visit;
c – have visited.
2. I … … … him since March.	a – did not see;
b – have not seen;
c – will not see.
3. She … … the house just.	a – have left;
b – will live;
c – has left.
4. My friend … … an interesting report.	a – will make;
b – have made;
c – has made.
5. I … this place last year.	a – visit;
b – has visited;
c – visited.
6. My friend told me a lot of interesting he … … in London.	a – saw;
b – had seen;
c – will see.
7. Last week we discussed a performance which we … … at our theatre.	a – saw;
b – will see;
c – had seen.
8. I … …. the flat and I began to watch TV.	a – cleans;
b – will clean;
c – had cleaned.
9. The rain … … when I returned home.	a – will stop;
b – stops;
c – had stopped.
10. I … already … the work by 7 o’clock.	a – finished;
b – will finish;
c – had finished.
11. Aquaculture is considered to be a…	a – bio-industry;
b – building industry;
c – heavy industry.
12. Extensive adoption is based on….	a – full complement of culture techniques;
b – mid-level technology;
c – traditional techniques.
13. Intensive adoption is based on ….	a – traditional techniques;
b – full complement of culture techniques;
c – mid-level technology.
14. Semi-intensive adoption is based on ….	a – traditional techniques;
b – full complement of culture techniques;
c – mid-level technology.
15. The management of these kinds of aquaculture systems are completely….	a – the same;
b – different;
c – alternative.
16. Small scale rural aquaculture is defined as ….	a – a centrally managed simple system;
b – a centrally managed comprehensive system;
c – one family unit.
17. Large scale integrated aquaculture is defined as	a – a centrally managed comprehensive system;
b – one family unit;
c – a centrally managed simple system
18. Marketing is … … in the production of any type of aquaculture species.	a – not very important;
b – very important;
c – ignored
19. The aquaculturist may be faced with a serious…without a well-thought-out marketing plan.	a – people;
b – obstacle;
c – preference.
20. These farmers may produce … only to sell to farmers who will in turn grow this fish for market as food fish.	a – adult fish;
b – fingerlings;
c – food fish.
21. There are several categories for production of agriculture products:	a – 6 categories,
b – 10 categories,
c – 2 categories.
22. Fish culture is:	a – 10 years practice,
b – an age-old practice,
c – one year practice.
23. I realized that I...... my passport.	a – forget,
b – have forgotten,
c – has forgotten.
24. She... just... in time.	a – arrived,
b – have arrived,
c – has arrived.
25. She... always busy.	a – am,
b – was,
c – is.

Unit 6

1.Fishing Methods 2. Fisheries 3. Passive Voice, Modal Verbs

Step 1

Fishing methods

(Speaking-Reading- Speaking- Writing)

1.1. Read and pronounce correctly the following words:

Trawlers, demersal, bycatch, turtles, purse-seine, pelagic, crustaceans, drawstring, biodiversity, whales, salmon, invertebrate, tunas, mackerels, anchovies.

 

1.2. Read correctly and try to guess the meaning:

Commercial, dolphins, tunas, moratorium, genetic engineering, anchovies, sardines, migrate, mollusks, mackerels, lobster, carp.

1.3. Words for the text comprehension:

Trawler	траулер
Net	сітка
To drag	тягнути
Bycatch	вилов сторонніх гідро біонтів
Seal	тюлень
Turtle	черепаха
Purse-seine fishing	вилов риби невідом
Pelagic fish	пелагічна риба
Drawstring	мотузка, яка затягує мішок
To trap	ловити
Flatfish	риби із сплющеною формою тіла
Demersal fish	демерсальна риба
Sole	камбала
Flounder	камбала
Carnivore	мясоїдний
Halibut	палтус
Long-line fishing	ярусний вилов риби
Fish school	косяк
Whale	кит
Hook	гачок
Drift-net fishing	дрифтерний вилов риби
Filament gill	зяберна пелюстка
Fish farming	вирощування, розведення риби
Mammal	ссавець
Biodiversity	біорізноманіття
Fish ranching	пасовищна форма вирощування риби
Crossbreeding	схрещування

 

1.4. Read and translate text A. Describe the following fishing methods:

a) trawler fishing,

b) purse-seine fishing

c) long-aiming fishing,

d) drift-net fishing

 

Text A

Fishing methods. The commercial fishing industry has developed a variety of methods in order to catch marine species. Trawlers are fishing boats that drag large nets across the ocean floor. These nets catch the desired fish, but they also damage ocean habitats and capture huge quantities of bycatch, unwanted species that have little commercial value. Bycatch include species such as dolphins, seals, sea turtles, and it amounts to almost one-third of total world catch each year. Purse-seine fishing is another method used by commercial fishermen. It is used mainly to catch large pelagic species such as tuna. The purse-seine net surrounds the fish and close like a drawstring in order to trap them. In the Pacific Ocean these nets have killed large numbers of dolphins, which often swim directly above the schools of tuna. The third method is long-lining, in which ships send out fishing lines up to eighty miles long. These lines are hug with thousands of bated hooks, and they sometimes catch dolphins, pilot whales, sea turtles and sea birds by accident. Finally, drift-net fishing used nets made of invisible filament mesh in order to catch and hold fish by their gills. These nets catch almost anything that comes in contact with them, resulting in the unwanted capture and sometimes death of marine mammals, turtles and seabirds. In 1993, the United Nations ordered a moratorium, or suspension, of large-scale drift-netting. This moratorium has significantly reduced the practice of drift-net fishing, but smaller drift-nets are still being used frequently in coastal waters. Aquaculture can be used to effectively remove pressure from overharvested fisheries and in doing so it can help to sustain marine biodiversity. Some other advantages of aquaculture include a high harvesting efficiency with no bycatch, a high yield of fish in a small volume of water, and the use of crossbreeding and genetic engineering in order to further increase yields.

Comprehension Check-Up

1.5. Give Ukrainian equivalents to the following English words:

Trawler, net, habitats, bycatch, pelagic, schools, turtle, filament, gills, crossbreeding.

1.6. Give English equivalents to the following Ukrainian words:

Зграя, гачок, зябри, зменшення, черепаха, тюлень, прилов, розведення риби, гібрид, саджалка, тралер.

1.7. Match the words:

Commercial	Species
Marine	Fishing
Fishing	Floor
Ocean	Boats
Sea	Capture
Ocean	Birds
Unwanted	Habitats
Coastal	Engineering
Genetic	Waters

1.8. Answer the questions:

1. What has the commercial fishing industry developed?

2. Why has the commercial fishing industry developed a variety of methods?

3. What are trawlers?

4. How do the trawlers catch the desired fish?

5. Do the trawlers capture huge quantities of bycatch?

6. What is bycatch?

7. What is the other method to catch the marine species?

8. What method is used to catch large pelagic species?

9. How is the fish caught by the purse-seine fishing method?

10. What is the name of the third fishing method, when the fish is caught by the gills?

1.9. Make sentences from the given words:

1. Commercial raising, is, aquaculture, of, the, fish, shellfish, and, food, for.

2. Aquaculture, of, the, practice, growing, is, of, rate, at, a, 6%, about, per year.

3. Uses, fish, farming, environment, a, controlled.

4. Holds, fish, Fish ranching, captivity, in, first, for, few, years, the.

5. Sustain, help, can, biodiversity, marine, aquaculture, to.

1.10. Ask questions to the italicized words:

1. The commercial fishing industry has developed a variety of methods to catch marine species.

2. The nets catch the desired fish, but they also damage ocean habitats.

3. Bycatch include species such as dolphins, seals, sea turtles.

4. In the Pacific Ocean these nets have killed large numbers of dolphins.

5. In 1993 the United Nations ordered a moratorium of large-scale drift-netting.

1.11. Give definitions to the following items:

1. Fishing boat

2. Drawstring which trap the fish

3. Net made of invisible filament mesh

4. Ships send out fishing lines hug with thousands of bated hooks

5. Usage of controlled environment to breed and raise fish.

 

Step 2

Grammar Point

(speaking-writing)