Ex. 4. Choose the appropriate word given in brackets and translate the sentences into Russian.

1. The company regularly (delay, appraise, approach) the performance of its employees. 2. The earth has (benefited, provided, existed) for more than four thousand million years. 3. Did you (operate, avoid, benefit) from this case? 4. All accidents must be reported to the officer who is (conventional, convenient, responsible). 5. Is it the (responsibility, operation, appraisal) of the nurse to control the patient’s condition? 6. Having children is a big (approach, responsibility, necessity) and I’m not sure I’m ready for that yet. 7. We want to hear young people’s (views, costs, benefits) about our transport services. 8. Try to see the problem from different (sides, points, signals) of view. 9. Each engineer takes (responsibility, cost, delay) for their own part of the process. 10. Someone will have to take (appraise, benefit, responsibility) for the error. 11. They exchanged (views, responsibilities, benefits) on the project of the new railway construction. 12. We cannot (benefit, exist, appraise) without oxygen. 13. The code is usually displayed on the screen and it can be easily (delayed, costed, viewed) by a train crew. 14. The engine driver is fully (responsible, conventional, comfortable) for operating the train.

 

Ex. 5. A. Form new words with the prefix re-, meaning ” to do again ”, as for example, to write – to rewrite – писать – переписать and translate them into Russian:

to cycle, to use, to appear, to consider, to set, to construct, to open, to read, to calculate, to appraise, to organize, to design, to view, to play, to form, to make.

 

B. Match the verbs in the left column with the nouns in the right column and translate the word combinations:

to review	a route
to reuse	a bridge
to rewrite	somebody’s face
to reset	the votes
to reconstruct	a football match
to readdress	a floppy disk
to recall	one’s whole life
to reconsider	empty tin bottles
to recount	a program
to replay	a letter
to recycle	a room
to redecorate	criminals
to reeducate	somebody’s decision
to reform	a film
to refresh	a cable
to relay	a company
to remake	the attack
to renew	one’s memory

Ex. 6. A. Form new words with the prefix de- meaning “to reduce, to reverse”, as for example, to code – to decode – кодировать, шифровать – расшифровывать and translate them into Russian:

to activate, to magnetize, to vitalize, to modulate, to bug, to camp, to centralize, to form, to generate, to grade, to mobilize, to mystify, to nominate, to rail, to make, to nationalize.

B. Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. This branch of industry will be decentralized. 2. In the traffic accident the train car was derailed. 3. It was necessary to provide safety, so the circuit was de-energized. 4. Friction decelerates motion. 5. Out-of-date equipment should be deactivated. 6. We were not able to decode these strange signals. 7. Decoupling is a process of shorting unwanted signals to earth. 8. A special electronic device called a demodulator is used for the purpose of separating a signal from its carrier wave. 9. He was arrested for defacing government property with graffiti. 10. The drug was shown to cause deformity in a high proportion of babies born to mothers taking it. 11. You can de-archive the file by inserting the password. 12. The boarding was delayed because the mechanics had to de-ice the plane.

 

Ex. 7. A. Form adjectives with the suffix – less meaning “without”, as for example, power - мощность, powerless - немощный and translate these adjectives into Russian:

power, a joint, to regard, a hope, an aim, a driver, a job, to help, an end, to use, a meaning, a right, noise, a heart, a star, to sleep, tact, thought.

B. Translate the following word combinations into English:

безнадежный случай, бесцельная поездка, бесшумная работа, безработный человек, абсолютно беспомощный, беззвездная ночь, бесконечный урок, беспроигрышная игра, безрадостный человек, безошибочный ответ, безотходная технология, беззащитный ребенок.

C. Make an adjective from the noun at the end of each sentence below by adding –less to the end.

1. This pen won’t write at all. It’s completely …. (use) 2. I can’t say that this beverage is …. (harm) 3. I’m very, very tired. I had a … night last night. (sleep) 4. What’s this food? It has no taste. It’s …. (taste) 5. It seems terrible to me that there are so many … people living in a city with thousands of empty houses. (home) 6. He was found guilty of … driving. (care) 7. Having my tooth pulled out was quite …. (pain) 8. Out relationship was getting worse, and the situation seemed …. (hope) 9. We had … conversations about her new job. (end) 10. I was worried and had a … night. (sleep) 11 An aggressive man attacked a … old woman. (defense) 12. The … car is an autonomous vehicle that can drive itself from one point to another without assistance from a …. (driver)

 

Ex. 8. The words technology, technique and technical are often confused when translating from English into Russian. Remember that their meanings are different: technology (modern science and technology) – технология, технические и прикладные науки; a technique (modern techniques) – технический прием, метод, способ; technical (technical school, technical workers) – технический.

Translate the following sentences into Russian:

1. To pass our exam with an excellent mark we had to learn all technical words used in computing. 2. Can you imagine our life without modern technologies, such as the Internet or mobile phones? 3. Physiotherapists use a variety of techniques to aid recovery from injury. 4. Thanks to new surgical techniques, hip replacement operations have become much more successful. 5. To improve signal operation railwaymen should use the most efficient techniques. 6. I’m sure you will agree with me that nowadays everybody can benefit from the revolution in information technology. 7. I’m afraid I am not strong enough in technical sciences to help you out. 8. After finishing the technical school he made up his mind to continue his study and entered the University. 9. If you are a teacher you get your salary, but if you are a technical worker you get your wage. 10. This magazine always publishes the fullest reports on the latest events on modern science and technology. 11. This technique can be used to replace missing parts of the device. 12. Nanotechnologies will be part of our future. 13. The example shows the technique applied to the design of a tool. 14. Space research has produced major advances in computer technology. 15. The job requires proper technical training.
16. Modern technology has changed our whole way of life. 17. Thanks to these new surgical techniques, patients spend far shorter periods in hospital 18. Can you imagine what the world would be like without science and technology?