Раскройте скобки, поставив глагол в нужную форму.

Variant 1

1. Daniel hopes that he (know) everything tomorrow.

2. Williamdid not expect that he (pass) the examination.

3. Jack is sure to remember that I (return) his dictionary last week.

4. Ben says tortoises (live) longer that elephants.

5. Colin (treat) me to some nice ice-cream at the party last night.

6. When Ammy lived in that house she (have) three servants.

7. Hello! I (bring) Leopold with me.

8. Christy didn’t tell me when the lesson (begin).

9. Sherwood (study) chemistry for three years and then gave it up.

10. Milton (be) nowhere since last autumn.

 

Variant 2

1. When I saw you last, you (think) of moving into a new flat.

2. I just (tell) you the answer.

3. He (break) his leg when he (skate).

4. I wasn’t very busy. I (not/to have) much work to do.

5. You (see) Julia recently?

6. When I (get) to the cinema, the film already (start).

7. What you (do) at 7 o’clock yesterday?

8. Anna (pass) all her record tests by the end of this term.

9. She said she (buy) a new book the next week.

10. Sue (write) her composition for an hour already but she hasn’t finished yet.

Variant 3

1. Rosalia (wait) at the station when the Prime Minister arrived.

2. He promised that the letter (to be written) by Monday.

3. He knew that roses (be) very nice at that time.

4. When the girls (walk) along the street, they saw Mary buying a book.

5. Rosemary (write) a new poem when Winnie fell down.

6. Irving says his son (work) hard lately.

7. Earl probably (come) to Chicago for some time next week.

8. Diana said she (go) to Washington.

9. Jane saw you yesterday. You (sit) outside the cafe.

10.Margery wanted to know which book I (take).

Variant 4

1. I (not/to be) at the cinema for ages.

2. Ann didn’t see me wave her. She (look) in the other direction.

3. She (felt) sick after she (eat) the whole box of chocolates.

4. The play (begin). You’re late.

5. What he (read) when I entered the room?

6. Sally (read) this book for a week but she hasn’t finished it yet.

7. I (watch) TV at 5 o’clock tomorrow.

8. She (reach) the city by evening.

9. Why you (be) late?

10. George looks very nice. He (wear) a new suit.

Variant 5

1. Glen suspected that Jim (to smoke) too much.

2. When Mark entered the room everybody (to eat) the cake she (to bake) before.

3. Henry didn’t know that Betsy (to leave) for Moscow already.

4. Jack told me that he (to want) to speak to me.

5. Jim was sure he (to fly) to Cairo soon.

6. Wendy said that the bus (to be) here soon.

7. Rachel said that she (to be ready) to finish her work.

8. The pupil promised that he (to learn) the poem by heart next time.

9. Walter didn’t believe Pauline (to marry) Jackie.

10. He tried to explain why he (not/to be) at school the day before.

 

 

GRAMMAR REFERENCE

ГРАММАТИЧЕСКИЙ СПРАВОЧНИК

НОРМАТИВНЫЕ ПРЕДМЕТНЫЕ СРЕДСТВА

 

Appendix1

THE PRONOUN

МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ

ЛИЧНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ (кто) (кого, кому, кем, о ком) Who? Whom?	ПРИТЯЖАТЕЛЬНЫЕ МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ (ЧЕЙ) Whose?
ИМЕНИТ. ПАДЕЖ	КОСВЕН. ПАДЕЖИ
I	me	my
You	you	your
He	him	his
She	her	her
It	it	its
We	us	our
You	you	your
They	them	their

 

Appendix 2

THE VERB TO BE in Present Simple

+	-	?
I am a student.	I am not a student.	Am I a student?
You are a student.	You are not a student.	Are you a student?
He is a student.	He is not a student.	Is he a student?
It is a student.	It is not a student.	Is ita student?
She is a student.	She is not a student.	Is she a student?
We are students.	We are not students.	Are we students?
You are students.	You are not students.	Are you students?
They are students.	They are not students.	Are they students?
THE VERB TO BE in Past Simple
+	-	?
I was a lovely child.	I was not a naughty child.	Was I a lovely child?
He was a lovely child.	He was not a naughty child.	Was he a lovely child?
She was a lovely child.	She was not a naughty child.	Was she a lovely child?
It was a lovely day.	It was not a gloomy day.	Was it a lovely day?
We were lovely children.	We were not naughty kids.	Were we lovely children?
You were lovely children.	You were not naughty kids	Were you lovely children?
They were lovely children.	They were not naughty kids.	Were they lovely children?

THE VERB TO BE in Future Simple

+	-	?
I will be all right.	I will not be bad.	Will I be all right?
You will be all right.	You will not be bad.	Will you beall right?
He will be all right.	He will not be bad.	Will he be all right?
She will be all right.	She will not be bad.	Will she be all right?
It will be all right.	It will not be bad.	Will it be all right?
We will be all right.	We will not be bad.	Will we be all right?
You will be all right.	You will not be bad.	Will you be all right?
They will be all right.	They will not be bad.	Will they be all right?

Сводная таблица изменений видовременных форм глагола в действительном залоге Appendix3

S I M P L E	PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
Always, usually, sometimes, often, seldom, never, every day (week, month, year), twice	Yesterday, last week (month, year, summer) …ago, When?	Tomorrow, next week (year, Sunday), in a week, soon
I V1 You play We write They	V2 played – прав. гл. wrote – не прав. гл.	will+V1 will play will write
He play s She write s It
I You play We do not write They (don’t)_____________________ He does not play She (doesn’t) write It	did not+V1   did not play (didn’t) write	will not+V1   will not play (won’t) write
I Do you play …? we write…? t hey_______________________ he Does she play…? It write…?	Did+подлежащее+V1…?   Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it play? Did I/you/we/they/he/she/it write?	Will +подлежащее+V1…?   Will I/ you/we/they/he/she/it play? Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it write?
C O N T I N U O U S	Now; at this moment; Look!	Yesterday at 5 o’clock; when you came	Tomorrow at this time; when you come
To be+ V4 I am You playing We are writing They____________ He She is It	was / were +V4 You We were They________________ playing I He was writing She	will be+V4 will be playing will be writing
To be not + V4 I am You not playing We are writing They____________ He She is It	was / were +not + V4   You We were They______________ not playing I He was writing She	will be+ not + V4 will not be playing will not be writing
Am I you Are we they playing? he writing? Is she it	I Was he She it playing? you writing? Were we they	Will +подлежащее+ be+V4…? I you he Will she be playing? it writing? we they

 

 

P E R F E C T	PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
Just; already; yet; before, lately, so far; never; ever; since	Before he came; by 5 o’clock yesterday	Before you come; by 5 o’clock tomorrow
have / has + V3 I V1 You have played We written They	had + V3   had played had written	will have+V3 will have played will have written
He play ed She has written It
I You played We have not written They _(haven’t)____________________ He has not played She (hasn’t) written It	had not + V3 had not played had not written	will not have+V3 will not have played (won’t) have written
I Have you played …? we written…? t hey_______________________ he Has she played…? it written…?	Had + подлежащее + V3? Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they played? Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they written?	Will + подлежащее +have +V3…? Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it play? Will I/you/we/they/he/she/it write?
P E R F E C T     C O N T I N U O U S	For 3 hours already; since morning; since he came; How long…? Since when…?	Since the time when; before he came for 3 hours;	For 3 hours before you come
Have / has been+ V4 I You We have been They____________ playing He writing She has been It	Had been+V4   had been playing had been writing	will have been +V4 will have been playing will have been writing
Have / has not + V4 I You We have not been They____________ playing He writing She has not been It	had+ not + been +V4 had not been playing had not been writing	Will not have been +V4 will not have been playing will not have been writing
I you Have we been they playing? he writing? Has she been it	Had + подлежащее + been +V4? Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they been playing? Had I/you/he/she/it/we/they been writing?	Will+подлежащее+have+been+V4? I you he Will she have been playing? it writing? we they

Appendix 4

 

Сводная таблица спряжения глаголов в страдательном залоге

 

 

	PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
S I M P L E	I am He/she/it is + V3 We/you/they are	I/he/she/it was + V3 we/you/they were	will be + V3
C O N T I N U O U S	am is being + V3 are	was being + V3 were	Не используется
P E R F E C T	We/you/they have been + V3 He/she/it has	had been + V3	will have been +V3

 

 

Appendix 5

 

Типы вопросов
Тип вопроса	вопрос	ответ
Общие вопросы	Do you work? Is she reading?	Yes, I do. / No. I don't Yes, she is. / No, she isn't
Специальные вопросы	Where do you work? What is she reading?	I work at а plant. She is reading a book.
Who knows this story?	He (does).
Разделительные вопросы	You work much, don't you? She can't sing, can she?	Yes, I do. / No, I don’t Yes, she can. / No, she can't.
Альтернативные вопросы	(have you) Have you a flat or a room? (does he know) Does he know French or English?	I have a flat.   He knows English.

 

Appendix 6

THE ADJECTIVE

ИМЯ ПРИЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ

The degrees of comparison

Степени сравнения

Краткие прилагательные образуют степени сравнения при помощи суффиксов.

К кратким прилагательным относятся

А) односложные прилагательные: long; large

В) двусложные прилагательные, оканчивающиеся на – y; -er; ar;

 

POSITIVE (ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯ)	COMPARATIVE (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ)	SUPERLATIVE (ПРЕВОСХОДНАЯ)
as… as He is as tall as his father. not so… as She is not so nice as her sister.	-er than long-longer large-larger red-redder happy-happier He is taller than his father.	the …-est the longest the largest the reddest the happiest He is the tallest in his class.

 

Многосложные прилагательные образуют степени сравнения при помощи вспомогательных слов.

 

POSITIVE (ПОЛОЖИТЕЛЬНАЯ)	COMPARATIVE (СРАВНИТЕЛЬНАЯ)	SUPERLATIVE (ПРЕВОСХОДНАЯ)
as… as This film version is as interesting as the book. not so… as This dish is not so delicious as that one.	The book is more interesting than the film.	This book is the most interesting I have ever read.

 

EXEPTIONS (ИСКЛЮЧЕНИЯ):

Good – better- the best

Bad- worse – the worst

Many – more – the most

Much – more – the most

Little – less – the least

Old – elder (older) – the eldest (the oldest)

Far – farther (further) – the farthest (the furthest)

Appendix 7

Сложноподчиненные предложения с придаточным времени или условия

В сложноподчиненных предложениях с придаточным времени или условия в английском языке в придаточной части предложения группа будущих времен не употребляется. После следующих союзов и предлогов времени will /would; shall /should не ставится.

If - если

Unless – если не

When - когда

Before – до того как

After – после того как

Till - пока

Until – пока не

As soon as – как только

By the time – к тому времени как

 

1.ИЗЪЯВИТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ.

Обе части в данном типе предложения, и главная и придаточная, переводятся на русский язык будущим временем. В английском языке в придаточном предложении употребляется настоящее время.

 

Я поеду за город, если погода будет хорошая

 

Главное предложение	Придаточное предложение
Future Simple	Present Simple
Will + V1	V1
I will go out of town,	if the weather is good.

 

2. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ 1. Описывает события, которые могли бы произойти сегодня или в будущем.

 

 

Я бы поехала за город завтра, если бы погода была хорошая.

 

Главное предложение	Придаточное предложение
Future Simple- in –the - Past	Past Simple
Would + V1	V2
I would go out of town tomorrow	if the weather were good.

В придаточном предложении этого типа глагол to be имеет форму сослагательного наклонения were для всех лиц.

If I were you, I would go and see the doctor.

I wish I were at home now. – Хорошо бы, если бы я был дома сейчас.

 

2. СОСЛАГАТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ 2. Описывает события, которые могли бы произойти, но не произошли в прошлом.

 

Я бы поехала за город вчера, если бы погода была хорошая.

 

Главное предложение	Придаточное предложение
Future Perfect- in –the – Past	Past Perfect
Would + have + V3	Had + V3
I would have gone out of town yesterday	if the weather had been good.

 

I wish I had been at home yesterday. – Как жаль, что меня не было дома вчера.

 

Appendix 8

REPORTED SPEECH

КОСВЕННАЯ РЕЧЬ

1. ПРОСЬБЫ, КОМАНДЫ И ПРИКАЗЫ передаются в косвенной речи при помощи инфинитива.

+ -

to be – not to be

to go – not to go

слова автора + инфинитив

прямая речь косвенная речь

He said, “Open the door!” He told to open the door.

She said, “Don’t be late!” She told not to be late.

She said, “Close the window, please!” She asked to close the window.

 

2. ПОВЕСТВОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЕ.

Слова автора + (that) + подлежащее + сказуемое в соответствии с правилом согласования времен

При переводе в косвенную речь следует помнить о «сдвиге времен», т.е. о правиле согласования времен. Времена меняются следующим образом:

 

Present Simple – Past Simple

Present Continuous – Past Continuous

Present Perfect – Past Perfect

Past Simple – Past Perfect

Past Continuous – Past Perfect Continuous

Past Perfect – Past Perfect Continuous

Future Tenses – Future Tenses – in-the Past

Am / is - was

Are – were

Has / have - had

Don’t/doesn’t – didn’t

Can – could

Must – must / had to

Will – would

Shall - should

 

 

Меняются также следующие указательные местоимения и обстоятельства времени:

This –that

These – those

Here –there

Today –that day

Now – then, at that moment

Yesterday – the day before, the previous day

Tomorrow – the following day, the next day

Next week – the next week

Last week – the week before, the previous week

…ago - …before

 

прямая речь косвенная речь

He said to Mike, “ I like music.” He told Mike that he liked music.

She said to Terry, “Nick went home.” She told Terry that Nick had gone home.

Не забудьте также изменять личные и притяжательные местоимения в соответствии со смыслом.

3. ВОПРОСИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ.

Важно соблюдать правильный порядок слов. Вопросительный знак не ставится.

А) Общий вопрос

Слова автора + if (whether) + подлежащее + сказуемое

 

прямая речь косвенная речь

He said, “Do you like music?” He asked if I liked music.

She said to Bill, “Did Paul like music?” She asked Bill if Paul had liked music.

He said to Helen, “Will you go home?” He asked Helen if she would go home.

 

В) Специальный вопрос

Слова автора + вопросительное слово + подлежащее + сказуемое

 

прямая речь косвенная речь

He said to Ann, “Where do you live?” He asked Ann where she lived.

She said to Tom, “What did you do?” She asked Tom what he had done.

 

 

Appendix 9

 

SEQUENCE OF TENSES

СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЕН

В сложноподчиненном предложении время в придаточной части предложения согласуется с временной формой в главной части предложения. Если в главной части сказуемое стоит в прошедшем времени, то в придаточном предложении может употреблятся тоже одно из прошедших времен.

 

Для обозначения одновременных действий в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Simple или Past Continuous. Глагол в придаточном предложении переводим на русский язык глаголом в настоящем времени.

He knew that she lived in London. – Он знал, что она живет в Лондоне.

She was sure that her son was doing his homework at that time. – Она была уверена, что ее сын делает свою домашнюю работу в то время.

 

Для обозначений действий, предшедствующих действию в главном предложении в придаточном предложении употребляется Past Perfect. Глагол в придаточном предложении переводим на русский язык глаголом в прошедшем времени.

He said he had seen that film before. – Он сказал, что смотрел этот фильм раньше.

 

Для обозначений действий, которые произойдут в будущем с точки зрения прошедшего времени, в придаточном предложении употребляется Future-in-the-Past. Глагол в придаточном предложении переводим на русский язык глаголом в будущем времени.

He informed us that he would go to Paris soon. – Он сообщил нам, что поедет в Париж вскоре.

 

 

Appendix 10

 

MODAL WORDS

МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

 

VERB & ITS MEANING	PRESENT	PAST	FUTURE
Must – долженствование; обязанность (должен, обязан)	must	had to	will have to
Have to – вынужденная необходимость (должен, нужно)	has to/have to	had to	will have to
Be to – договоренность (должен, предстоит)	am/is/are to	was/were to	_____________
Should – совет (следует, нужно)	should	_____________	_____________
Ought to – совет, моральный долг (следует, должен)	ought to	_____________	_____________
Can – физическая способность; возможность; разрешение (могу, умею, можно)	can	could	will be able to
Be able to – способность (могу, способен)	am/is/are able to	was/were able to	will be able to
May- разрешение Возможность (можно, может быть)	may	might	______________
Need- необходимость (Нужно…, нет необходимости)	Need…? needn’t	_____________	______________

 

 

 

Appendix 11

COMPLEX OBJECT

Инфинитивный оборот: ДОПОЛНЕНИЕ С ИНФИНИТИВОМ

 

В переводе на русский язык данный оборот образует сложноподчиненное предложение, в котором инфинитив становится сказуемым. Схема данного оборота следующая:

 

Подлежащее + сказуемое + дополнение + Infinitive

 

 

(образуют главное предложение) (образуют придаточное предложение)

 

Сказуемое в таком предожении обычно выражается глаголом, после которого можно поставить союз что или чтобы.

To think - думать

To believe – верить, считать

To expect – ожидать

To suppose – предполагать

To know - знать

To learn - узнать

To find out - выяснить

To consider - считать

To understand - понимать

Дополнение может быть выражено именем существительным или местоимением в объектном падеже.

мe

уou

him

her

it

us

them

 

I thought that he was a good student. – I thought him to be a good student.

He supposed that they would come soon. – He supposed them to come soon.

 

Appendix 12

IRREGULAR VERBS

НЕПРАВИЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

Infinitive	Past Simple	Past Participle	Present Participle
V1	V2	V3	V4	перевод
arise	arose	arisen	arising	возникать
awake	awoke	awoke	awaking	будить, просыпаться
be	was/were	been	being	быть, находиться
bear	bore	born	bearing	рождать
bear	bore	borne	bearing	носить, выносить
beat	beat	beaten	beating	бить
become	became	become	becoming	становиться
begin	began	begun	beginning	начинать
bend	bent	bent	bending	гнуть
bind	bound	bound	binding	связывать
bite	bit	bitten	biting	кусать
blow	blew	blown	blowing	дуть
break	broke	broken	breaking	ломать
breed	bred	bred	breeding	выводить породу
bring	brought	brought	bringing	приносить
build	built	built	building	строить
burn	burnt	burnt	burning	жечь
burst	burst	burst	bursting	разрываться
buy	bought	bought	buying	купить
cast	cast	cast	casting	бросать
catch	caught	caught	catching	ловить
choose	chose	chosen	choosing	выбирать
cling	clung	clung	clinging	прилипать
come	came	come	coming	приходить
cost	cost	cost	costing	стоить
creep	crept	crept	creeping	ползать
cut	cut	cut	cutting	резать
deal	dealt	dealt	dealing	иметь дело с
V1	V2	V3	V4	перевод
dig	dug	dug	digging	копать
do	did	done	doing	делать
draw	drew	drawn	drawing	тащить, рисовать
drink	drank	drunk	drinking	пить
eat	ate	eaten	eating	есть
fall	fell	fallen	falling	падать
feed	fed	fed	feeding	кормить(ся)
feel	felt	felt	feeling	чувствовать
fight	fought	fought	fighting	бороться, сражаться
find	found	found	finding	находить
fly	flew	flown	flying	летать
forbid	forbade	forbidden	forbiding	запрещать
forget	forgot	forgotten	forgetting	забывать
freeze	froze	frozen	freezing	замерзать, замораживать
get	got	got	getting	получать, становиться
give	gave	given	giving	давать
go	went	gone	going	ходить, ездить
grow	grew	grown	growing	расти
hang	hung	hung	hanging	висеть
have	had	had	having	иметь
hear	heard	heard	hearing	слышать
hide	hid	hidden	hiding	прятать
hit	hit	hit	hitting	ударять
hold	held	held	holding	держать
hurt	hurt	hurt	hurting	ушибить, повредить
keep	kept	kept	keeping	держать, хранить
know	knew	known	knowing	знать
V1	V2	V3	V4	перевод
lay	laid	laid	laying	класть
learn	learnt	learnt	learning	учить(ся)
leave	left	left	leaving	покидать, оставлять
let	let	let	letting	позволять
lie	lay	lain	lying	лежать
light	lit	lit	lighting	зажигать
loose	lost	lost	loosing	терять
make	made	made	making	делать, заставлять
mean	meant	meant	meaning	значить
meet	met	met	meeting	встречать
pay	paid	paid	paying	платить
put	put	put	putting	класть
read	read	read	reading	читать
ride	rode	ridden	riding	ездить верхом
ring	rang	rung	ringing	звонить, звенеть
rise	rose	risen	rising	подниматься
run	ran	run	running	бегать
saw	sawed	sawn	sawing	пилить
say	said	said	saying	говорить
see	saw	seen	seeing	видеть
sell	sold	sold	selling	продавать
send	sent	sent	sending	посылать
set	set	set	setting	помещать
shake	shook	shaken	shaking	трясти
shine	shone	shone	shining	сиять
shoot	shot	shot	shooting	стрелять
show	showed	shown	showing	показывать
shrink	shrank	shrunk	shrinking	сокращаться
shut	shut	shut	shutting	закрывать
sing	sang	sung	singing	петь
sink	sank	sunk	sinking	тонуть
sit	sat	sat	sitting	сидеть
V1	V2	V3	V4	перевод
slide	slid	slid	sliding	скользить
smell	smelt	smelt	smelling	пахнуть, нюхать
sow	sowed	sown	sowing	сеять
speak	spoke	spoken	speaking	говорить
speed	sped	sped	speeding	спешить, ускорять
spell	spelt	spelt	spelling	произнести по буквам
spend	spent	spent	spending	тратить, проводить
spill	spilt	spilt	spilling	проливать
spin	span	spun	spinning	прясть
split	split	split	splitting	раскалывать(ся)
spoil	spoilt	spoilt	spoiling	портить
spread	spread	spread	spreading	распространять(ся
stand	stood	stood	standing	стоять
stick	stuck	stuck	sticking	приклеивать(ся)
sting	stung	stung	stinging	жалить
strike	struck	struck	striking	ударять
strive	strove	striven	striving	стремиться
sweep	swept	swept	sweeping	мести
swell	swelled	swollen	swelling	пухнуть
swim	swam	swum	swimming	плавать
swing	swung	swung	swinging	качать(ся)
take	took	taken	taking	брать
teach	taught	taught	teaching	учить
tear	tore	torn	tearing	рвать
tell	told	told	telling	рассказывать
think	thought	thought	thinking	думать
throw	threw	thrown	throwing	бросать
understand	understood	understood	understanding	понимать
wake	woke	woken	waking	будить, просыпаться
wear	wore	worn	wearing	носить
V1	V2	V3	V4	перевод
wind	wound	wound	winding	заводить, виться
write	wrote	written	writing	писать