Add the missing parts of the sentences from the text

1. There are two ___ ___ for both designing and evaluating municipal water supply systems.

2. The first and most important is the ___ of the water for human consumption - ___ water.

3. The second is the ___ of water required.

4. The quality of water provided by a ___ ___ ___ is based on three distinct characteristics, each of which may independently govern the desirable portability of the water.

5. The ___ ___ of water is the appearance of the water to the consumer.

6. Physical quality includes the ___ of the water, ___, ___, and temperature.

7. The water should be free of substances that may produce ___ and ___ upon the addition of chlorine, or upon use of water for ___ purposes.

8. The most important quality of water is that of ___ ___.

9. Water is an excellent ___, so it is not surprising that it picks up other ___.

10. During this cycle of water ___, water picks up many ___ and ___ components.

11. As the raindrops fall to the earth, they ___ gases.

9. Translate into English:

Водоснабжение - совокупность мероприятий по обеспечению водой населения, промышленности, транспорта, сельского хозяйства. Возможны централизованное и децентрализованное водоснабжение.

Централизованное водоснабжение обеспечивает водой несколько точек водоразбора путем организации водопровода, представляющего собой комплекс инженерных сооружений, с помощью которого проводятся забор воды из источника водоснабжение, обработка, необходимая для доведения ее качества до требований потребителей воды, подача воды к месту потребления и распределения между потребителями.

Централизованное хозяйственно-питьевое водоснабжение организуется на поверхностных или подземных водных источниках.

from: http://www.hydrotech.ru/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=29&Itemid=77

Read and summarize the text below.

Text 5 C

Ground Water

In the original planning of ground water supplies, little can be done about determining the chemical quality of the water because the water will be obtained from several well-defined and different water bearing geological layers or strata. The chemical or mineral quality of the water contributed from each of these water-bearing formations or aquifers will be dependent on the dissolution of material within the formation. Therefore, water withdrawn from any ground water source will be a composite of these individual aquifers.

The water quality can be determined by actual sampling and analysis of the completed wells. Local and State health departments, along with State departments of environmental conservation (DECs), will have general and helpful information on water quality within their jurisdiction from years of test data.

Most State geologists and hydrologists also will have information on both quantity and quality of water within certain regions of their State. All such information is valuable, and should be obtained when considering ground water sources as either primary or secondary supply sources. Ground water generally will be considered the most readily available source of water because it can be tapped from below the water table beneath the earth.

In contrast, surface waters may not be readily available. In many cases, impounding reservoirs provide adequate water for large communities. The water then must be piped some distance to service the community. The quality of the water also may need to be considered when investigating surface waters because of pollution, which may render available water unusable for potable water supplies, even if complete treatment is provided.

Ground water is an integral part of the hydrological cycle of rain and evaporation of water between the earth’s bodies of water and the vast moisture content of the atmosphere.

The water content of the atmosphere precipitates from small nuclei and falls to the earth in the form of rain, sleet, and snow. Approximately 70 percent of this precipitation finds its way into the streams, rivers, and finally to the oceans.

The remaining 30 percent seeps into the earth and joins the ground water table. Some of this water returns as surface water from springs, flowing wells, etc. Some is used by plants and trees. The remaining portion joins the ground water and appears in layers known as aquifers. The seepage of this water through the earth depends on properties of the soil and rock formations under the earth’s surface.

Seepage is much greater through porous formations than through the impervious formations. Water seeps at much greater rates through fissures or cracks within the underlying formations. Ground water in the aquifers flows from higher elevations to lower elevations.

In the continuous cycle of water transportation from the earth to the atmosphere, water leaves the earth by evaporation from bodies of water and transpiration from plant life, and returns to the atmosphere where it is retained until again released in the form of rain, sleet, or snow. Replenishment of the ground water table may be accomplished to some extent by the location of ponds and lakes on watersheds.