Занятие 7.3.3. Генная инженерия, клонирование. Genetic engineering, cloning

Цели занятия:

Образовательная: сформировать представления о технологии и возможности генной инженерии, клонировании животных и человека.

Развивающая: развивать культуру мышления, способность к анализу, обобщению, восприятию информации.

Воспитательная: воспитывать стремление самостоятельно приобретать новые знания, используя современные образовательные и информационные технологии.

Практическая: развивать умения монологической речи

1.Выучить лексику: еthics, side effects, future generations, ewe, mammary cell, to contain, cloning, physical manipulation, at the molecular level, to provide, of all genes, need, to produce a sheep, only genes for proteins required by, active, to divide, generate precise copies of themselves, to be deprived of nutrients, to induce to dormancy, can be activated, the nucleus is dislodged from, molecules, program genes, engender the embryo, clusters of embryonic cells, to be implanted into a surrogate mother, the resulting lamb, the donor ewe, genetic engineering, living organism, to ban, unforeseeable horrors, genetic defects.

2. Прослушать текст и понять информацию о задачах, значении клонирования.

3. Рассказать о возможностях генной инженерии и областях её применения, рассуждать об этических аспектах процессов клонирования.

4. Перевести на родной язык информацию о достижениях в области клонирования и генной инженерии.

5. Написать эссе «Клонирование человека – опасно ли это?»

Самостоятельная работа.

Составить список аргументов за и против клонирования человека.

Дидактические материалы к занятиям 7.3.1,7.3.2, 7.3.3

Lesson 7.3.1. Information Technology

Lead-in

Ex 1. Study these predictions of developments in Information Technology from 2000. Which, if any, have come true? How likely are the others to come true? Give reasons for your decisions and compare answers with your partner.

2003 – Hydraulic chair for VR games

2006 – Fire fighting robots that can find and rescue people

2010 - Robotic devices within blood vessels

2025 – Artificial brain implants

2030 – Direct links between brain and computer

2100 – Electronic humans

Ex 2. How do you think developments in IT will affect these areas of life in the next ten years?

Commerce; work; the relationship between humans and computers

Ex 3. Compare your predictions with others in your group. Try to agree on a ranking from most likely to least likely.

Reading

Ex 4. Read the article and answer the following questions.

1. What is the name of the first electronic virtual assistant?

2. What could EVAs provide?

3. What are their applications?

4. What global trends does the technology combine?

5. What can EVA be programmed with?

6. Why is it equipped with a search engine?

7. What is a Java applet?

Dawn of the Cyberbabes.

Stratumsoft are developing the first electronic virtual assistant, or EVA. If EVAs live up to the developers’ claims, they could provide the illusion of personal service without the cost. Call centres, online advertisers and Internet service providers are among the initial targets. Eighty per cent of call centre requests could, Stratumsoft argues, be dealt with by an EVA. E-commerce is another application.” The best experience you can have as a shopper is personal contact, and EVA is designed to give that”, says Stratumsoft’s director of marketing.

The technology behind EVA combines two global trends in website design. One, developed out of the computer animation and gaming industry, is the ability to give Web images the impression of three dimensions. The other is the use of dynamic database skills and artificial intelligence-style searching to retrieve information from data banks.

Each EVA can be programmed with information such as a product catalogue, answers to frequently asked questions or an online encyclopaedia. It is also equipped with a search engine to interpret customer requests made in colloquial language. Queries are typed in and answered via on-screen texts boxes.

If the EVA does not have an answer, it will interrogate the questioner, record the response, and add the answer to its database for future enquiries. EVAs are not fully animated to imitate human features but they can be programmed to gesture and imitate different moods. An EVA is run via a Java applet – a small, self-contained program coded to download on to any type of personal computer rather than being transmitted over the Internet.

Language development

Ex 5. Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

Virtual, human, initial, global, fully, to record, artificial, colloquial, customer, website.

1……………trends 2……………design 3……………intelligence 4………….features 5…………requests 6…………………targets

7…………assistant 8…………language 9………………response

10……….animated

Ex 6. Fill in the correct preposition, then make sentences using the completed phrases.

1. personal service … the cost; 2. to be … the initial targets; 3. could be dealt;

4. global trends … website design; 5. developed … …the computer animation; 6. information … data banks; 7. can be programmed… information; 8. answers… questions; 9. to be typed …; 10. being transmitted … the Internet

Ex 7. Word Formation. Give their derivatives used in the text.

Assist ______, develop ________, person_______, provide_______, apply ______, able _______, intelligent_______, inform ______, frequent _____, question ______, differ ______, full____, art________, animate____.

Lesson 7.3.2. Biotechnology

Speaking

Ex 1. Search for the latest developments in one area of Information Technology. Make a summary of your findings to report to the rest of the class. In addition to journals, magazines and newspapers, you can try different websites.

Reading and listening

Ex 2. Read the sentences, then listen and mark them as T (true) or F (false).

1. The simple definition of biotechnology is the use of living organisms by humans. 2. We have been cloning plants for ten years. 3. Now with the help of biotechnology we are able to develop safe crops, medical treatments and etc. 4. Traditional and modern biotechnology share different foundations. 5. Traditional biotechnology harnesses the potential of processes performed by living organisms.

Ex 3. Read the article and put the paragraphs in the correct order, then explain the words in bold.

What is Biotechnology?

Both traditional and modern biotechnology share the same foundation: the use of living organisms to enhance crops, fuels, medical treatments and a host of other tools that can help humans. The two schools of thought about what biotechnology is can elicit much debate. Whereas modern biotechnology manipulates the genes of organisms and inserts them into other organisms to acquire the desired trait, traditional biotechnology harnesses the potential of processes performed by living organisms, such as fermentation.

The definition of biotechnology varies, but a simple definition is the use of living organisms by humans. One example of biotechnology is cloning. We have been cloning plants for centuries. Each time a leaf is excised from a violet plant and placed in soil to grow a new plant, cloning has occurred. Today, we are not only doing the physical manipulation at the visual level but also on the molecular level. In modern or molecular biotechnology, we physically select the desired characteristic at the molecular level and add it to the organism's genetic makeup.

Biotechnology is the science for this century. With its advances, we are on the first part of a great journey. Humans have expanded their understanding of the biosphere by journeying into space and exploring the depths of the ocean. We have not only been able to look at the surrounding universe and the depths below with the advancement of tools and techniques, but we also have been able to live there. Advanced tools and techniques are now allowing us to look at the universe of atoms. Biotechnology is utilizing the sciences of biology, chemistry, physics, engineering, computers, and information technology to develop tools and products that hold great promise. Humans have spent thousands of years selecting for and cultivating the best traits nature has to offer. Now with the help of biotechnology, nanotechnology and a host of other sciences, we are able to harness these traits at the atomic level to develop safe and beneficial crops, medical treatments, biofuels and household products.

Ex 4. In pairs, ask and answer questions based on the text.

Ex 5. Identify the grammar structures used in the text. Explain their form, meaning and usage:

- conjunctions

- the of structures

- modal verbs

- irregular verbs

- verb tenses (Simple, Progressive, Perfect, Perfect Progressive)

- the Passive voice

- -ing forms (gerund and present participle)

- -ed forms (past participle)

- infinitive (its functions)

- compound sentences

- complex sentences

Ex 6. Listen to the description of the graphic and use the context to figure out the meanings of the following words and phrases. Use a dictionary to check your answers.

Ewe, provide, mammary cell, clone, copies of all genes, need, produce a sheep, only genes for proteins required by, active, grow, divide, generate precise copies of themselves, are deprived of nutrients, induce them to dormancy, can be activated in a laboratory dish, the nucleus is dislodged from, blend with the spark of electricity, molecules, program genes, engender the embryo, clusters of embryonic cells, are implanted into a surrogate mother, the resulting lamb, the donor ewe.