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XI. Write a memo to your supervising teacher, in which you should comment on the envisioned monetary parameters, shown in the table.Содержание книги
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Give your opinion of the following means, planned and used by the NBU:
Monetary parameters can change during 20XX depending on the situation in the monetary market. The National Bank of Ukraine plans to achieve the determined monetary parameters by the following means: - improving the structure of the credit emission, in particular its more productive channeling; - carrying out the quantitative control over the monetary stock dynamics which would correspond to the increase in the GDP forecasted level and a moderate inflation rate (10% monetary stock increase); - stimulating processes of increasing household investments to the banking system by increasing guarantees of their return through introduction of mechanisms of deposit insurance and orientating commercial banks towards offering positive real interest rates on deposits; - assisting in regaining confidence of domestic and foreign markets' investors in further development and functioning of the state securities stock market as one of the main segments of capital movement and an effective instrument of the monetary market management; - increasing credit support of domestic producers by intensifying commercial banks' credit activity, and support by the NBU of commercial banks' liquidity using the refinancing system; - stimulating the banks' investment activities, primarily increasing (he long-term crediting volumes due to providing financial stability and thus promoting the growth in volumes of long-term deposit investments of economic entities and population; - protecting economic interests of entities of the monetary market. Herald of the National Bank of Ukraine. May 2000
XII. Complete the sentences using your own words:.
1. The National Bank of Ukraine, as the central bank, carries out …. 2. The NBU maintains relations with other countries’ …. 3. The NBU has the exclusive right to …. 4. The NBU determines …. 5. The NBU accumulates, stores and uses …. 6. To support the banking system liquidity and stability the NBU …. 7. Loans are given to commercial banks by …. 8. The NBU provides cash management of the Ukrainian State Budget through …. 9. Special software – hardware package secures …. 10. Starting January, 1, 1998 the banking system of Ukraine switched over to ….
XIII. Match the words and word combinations given on the left with their dictionary definitions given on the right.
XIV. Point all possible advantages and disadvantages (if may be) of the bills of exchange (b/e) given bellow. Bills of Exchange
A bill of exchange is an order sent by the drawer (the person asking for the money) to the drawee (the person paying) stating that the drawee will pay on demand or at a specified time the amount shown on the bill. If the drawee accepts the bill, he will sign his name on the face of it and date it. The bill can be paid to a bank named by the drawer, or the drawee can name a bank he wants to use to clear the bill. If this is the case, the bill will be kept in the drawer's bank until it is to be paid. When the bill is due it is presented to the paying bank. Such bills are said to be domiciled with the bank holding them. A sight draft or sight bill is paid on presentation. In a documents against payment (D/P) transaction, the sight draft is presented to the importer with the shipping documents, and the importer pays immediately, i.e. 'on presentation' or 'at sight'. A bill paid 'after date' or 'after sight' can be paid on or within the number of days specified on the bill. Therefore, '30 days after sight' means that the bill can be paid 30 days after it has been presented. Overseas bills in the UK are known as foreign bills, and those used within the UK as inland bills. A clean bill is one that is not accompanied by shipping documents. The advantage for the exporter of payment by bill is that the draft can be discounted, i.e. sold, to a bank at a percentage less than its value, the percentage being decided by the current market rates of discounting. So even if the bill is marked 90 days, theexportercan get his money immediately. The advantage for the importer is that he is given credit, provided the bill is not a sight draft. The bank, however, will only discount a bill if the buyer has a good reputation. Bills can be negotiable if the drawer endorses the bill. If Mr. Panton, the beneficiary of the bill at 9.6.2, wanted to pay another manufacturer, he could write on the back of the bill, i.e. endorse it, and the bill would become payable to the person who owned it. Mr. Panton can endorse it specifically, i.e. make it payable only to the person named on the bill. It is possible to send the bill direct to the importer, if he is well known to the exporter, or if not, to his bank which will hand it to him with the documents for either acceptance or payment. A dishonored bill is one that is not paid on the due date. In this case the exporter will protest the bill, i.e. he will go to a notary, a lawyer, who will, after a warning, take legal action to recover the debt. The abbreviations B/E for bill of exchange and d/s for days after sight' are often used. And you are now familiar with D/P, documents against payment and D/A, documents against acceptance.
XV. A. Study the letter advising dispatch of a sight draft. If the supplier wants immediate payment or does not have time to check the customer’s credit-worthiness, he may send a sight draft, as in this example:
Do you think the supplier is fully protected in case of a sight draft?
B. Study the letter to a bank with a request to forward a bill:
Why do exporters sometimes ask their banks to forward bills to importers’ banks?
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