Местоимения SOME, ANY, NO и их производные

 

Тип	Some, any, no +thing	Some, any, no +body (one)	Some, any, no + where(наречие)
Утвердительное предложение	Something – что-то, кое-что, что-нибудь. We want to tell you something. Мы хотим вам кое-что рассказать.	Somebody кто-то, Someone кто-нибудь. There is somebody in the room. В комнате кто-то есть.	Somewhere – где-нибудь, где-то, куда-нибудь. He lives somewhere near the Institute. Он живет где-то около института.
Вопросительное предложение	Anything – что-то, кое-что, что-нибудь. Did he read anything for home-reading? Читал ли он что-нибудь по внеаудиторному чтению?	Anybody кто-то, Anyone кто-нибудь. Is there anybody in the room? В комнате есть кто-нибудь?	Anywhere – где-нибудь, где-то, куда-нибудь. Do you want to go anywhere? Хотите ли вы куда-нибудь пойти?
Отрицательное предложение	Nothing – ничто, ничего. I see nothing there. Я ничего не вижу там. not...anything. I do not see anything there. Я там ничего не вижу.	Nobody никто, No one никого. I see nobody in the room. Я никого не вижу в комнате. (not...anybody (one)). I do not see anybody in the room. Я никого ни вижу в комнате.	Nowhere – нигде, никуда. He will go nowhere. Он никуда не пойдет. He will not go anywhere. He cannot find this book anywhere. Он нигде не может найти эту книгу.

 

1. Somebody wants to see you. 2. Anyone will do it for you, only ask. 3. It is clear that something has happened. 4. I have nothing important to tell you. 5. He asked me if I had seen somebody there. 6. They never do anything by halves. 7. Is there anything in the box? –There is nothing there. 8. Is there anybody at home? –I know nothing about it. 9. Nobody has told me to come. 10. You can find this book anywhere. 11. She must go somewhere for rest. 12. Anybody can do it. 13. It you find anything interesting in this magazine, show it to me, please. 14. Nobody knows their address.

to happen – случаться, происходить.

 

Поставьте следующие предложения в вопросительной и отрицательной форме, переведите каждое из них на русский язык.

 

1. There is something interesting on this subject in the library.

2. There is somebody in the laboratory.

3. Anybody knows it.

4. She wants to go somewhere in the evening.

5. There is something there.

6. I can tell you something interesting about it.

 

Степени сравнения прилагательных и наречий

Односложные двусложные	Сравнительная степень	Превосходная степень
- er	-est
strong – сильный late – поздно heavy – тяжелый	stronger – сильнее later – позже heavier – тяжелее	(the) strongest – сильнейший, самый cильный; (the) latest – позже всего, позже всех (the) heaviest – самый тяжелый
Многосложные	more – более; lеss – менее; much more (less) – намного больше (меньше)	(the) most – самый
talented – талантливый	more talented – более талантливый much more talented – намного талантливее	(the) most talented (of) – самый талантливый (из)
interesting – интересный	less interesting – менее интересный much less interesting – намного менее интересный	(the) least interesting – самый неинтересный (из)
	Особые случаи:
good-хороший	better – лучше	(the) best – наилучший, самый лучший
well-хорошо
bad-плохой	worse – хуже	(the) worst – наихудший, самый худший
badly – плохо
many (books)	много	more – больше	(the) most – больше всех, наибольший, самый большой
much (water)
little – маленький	less – меньше	(the) least – меньше всех, наименьший, самый маленький
old – старый	elder – старший older – более старый	(the) oldest – самый старый (the) eldest – самый старший
far – далекий, далеко	further – дальнейший	the furthest – самый отдаленный
farther – более отдаленный	the farthest – самый отдаленный

 

1. Mathematics is more important for technical students than many other subjects. It is one of the most important subjects at any technical Institute. 2. Sakharov is one of the most popular scientists in this country. 3. The Earth is bigger than the Moon. 4. The distance from the Sun to the Earth is much longer than that from the Moon. 5. January is the coldest month. 6. This book is less interesting. 7. It is better to do well than to say well. 8. It is the best way of solving this problem. 9. I shall have less time to do this tomorrow. 10. Yesterday the weather was worse than today. 11. The worst possible way is to learn the translation by heart. 12. Metals are the best conductors of electricity. 13. I read much but my brother reads more than me, and our friends read most of all.

 

Поставьте слова в скобках в нужной форме:

 

1. Which is (large), the USA or Canada. 2. What is the name of the (big) river in Russia. 3. Moscow is the (large) city in our country. 4. There is a (great) number of motor-cars in the streets of Moscow than in Penza. 5. St.Petersburg is one of the (beautiful) cities in the world. 6. The rivers in America are much (long) than those in England. 7. Juneis the (busy) month for students. It is an examination period. 8. Heis the (good) student in the group. 9. Mathematics is the (little) time - consuming subject for me. 10. This system of calculation is (bad) than the one we used before. 11. He reads now (good) than yesterday. 12. That was the (bad) news I ever heard. 13. I have still (little) experience in this field than he.

way – способ; solve – решать, by heart – наизусть; indivisible – неделимый; calculation – вычисление; news – новость; experience – опыт.

Особые случаи

 

	Способы перевода	Примеры
The... the	чем..., тем	The more we study, the more we know. Чем больше мы изучаем, тем больше мы знаем.
as... as,	такой же... как так... как	This text is as difficult as that one. Этот текст такой же трудный, как и тот.
as... as possible	как можно + прилагательное в сравнительной степени	He must return to the laboratory as quick as possible. Он должен вернуться в лабораторию как можно быстрее.
not so … as	не такой... как не так... как	My friend is not so good at mathematics as at physics. Мой друг разбирается в математике не так хорошо, как в физике.
Twice (three times) as +	в два (в три) раза + прилагательное в сравнительной степени	It is	twice as long. В два раза длиннее.
three times as high. В три раза выше.

 

1. This method is not so simple as that one. 2. This many-storeyed building is as high as that one. 3. You can stay here as long as you want. 4. The more books you read, the more you know. 5. This new method is twice as efficient as the old one. 6. The harder you work at your English, the better progress you make. 7. The device must be as small aspossible. 8. Gold is not so light as aluminium.

simple – простой; many- storeyed – многоэтажный; stay – оставаться; device – прибор; light – легкий; speed – скорость.

 

Переведите на английский язык слова, данные в скобках, затем переведите всё предложение на русский язык по образцу:

(Чем) nearer the Earth, (тем) denser the atmosphere. Чем ближе земля, тем плотнее атмосфера. The nearer the Earth, the denser the atmosphere.

 

1. The speed of the rocket must be... high,...... (как можно выше).

2. (Чем) sooner they do this work, (тем) better.

3. The weight of this body is (во много раз) big.

4. Water is (так же) necessary (как) air.

5. This text is (не такой) difficult (как) that one.

 

Перевод оборота «THERE + BE»

	Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite	Future Indefinite
Утвердительная форма	There is a book   There are books	on the table.	There was a book   There were books	on the table.	There will be a book (books) on the table   На столе будет книга (книги).
На столе книга (книги).	На столе была книга (книги).
Вопросительная форма	Is there a book on the table? Are there books   Есть ли книга (книги) на столе?	Was there a book on the table? Were there books   Была ли книга (книги) на столе?	Will there be a book (books) on the table?   Будет ли книга (книги) на столе?
Отрицательная форма	There is no book on the table There are no books   На столе нет книги (книг).	There was no book on the table. There were no books   На столе не было книги (книг).	There will be no book (books) on the table.   На столе не будет книги (книг).

 

1. There are different kinds of energy. 2. What books are there on the table? 3. There were 12 students in our group. 4. There was no power station in this region before the war. 5. Will there be a hostel in this street next year. 6. There are many ways of solving this problem. 7. There exist many interesting books on this subject. 8. There stands a new house on the corner of the street. 9. 'There may be many ways of solving this problem. 10. There lived my friend’s family in that old small house. 11. There lies a book on the table. 12. There will be a conference in Paris next year.

power station – электростанция; to solve – решать; corner – угол.

 

Определите функцию "there" в предложении. Предложения переведите.

 

1. I work at the library as there are many kinds of books and dictionaries there.

2. There are many scientific workers at our University. They have worked there for many years.

3. There was a scientific conference at our University. Many students were present there.

4. There will be many interesting reports at the conference. We shall go there.