Інверсія в підрядних реченнях

e.g. If he should ring, tell him to come at 7. Should he ring, tell him to come at 7.

If I were you, I wouldn’t do that. W ere I you, I wouldn’t do that.

If I had known earlier, I wouldn’t have done such a thing. H ad I known earlier, I wouldn’t have done such a thing.

Змішані типи умовних речень

Можливі варіації:

Type 1	Type 3
Type 2	Type 3
Type 3	Type 2
Type 2	Type 1

 

Перевірте себе:

Вправа 1. Розкриваючи дужки, напишіть кожне речення три рази, утворюючи умовні речення I, II, III типів.

1. If you (to be) busy, I (to leave) you alone. 2. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the University. 3. They all (to be surprised) if I(to make) such a mistake. 4. If we (to receive) a telegram from him, we (not to worry). 5. If no one (to come) to help, we (to be obliged) to do the work ourselves. 6. If you (to put on) your glasses, you (to see) better. 7. If he (not to come) in time, will we have to wait for him?

 

Вправа 2. Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дієслово в потрібній формі.

1. I would be delighted if I (to have) such a smart car. 2. If it (to rain), we will have to stay at home. 3. If he (to work) hard, he would have achieved great progress. 4. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he (not to have) so many admirers. 5. If she (not to be) so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 6. If you were not so careless about your health, you (to consult) the doctor. 7. If they (to know) it before, they would have taken measure! 8. The dish would have been much more tasty if she (to be) a better cook. 9. If I (not to know) English, I would not be able to enjoy Byron's poetry. 10. If he did not read so much, he (not to know) English literature so well.

 

Вправа 3. Виберіть правильну відповідь.

1. If you … down the mouse button over an icon, you … drag it across the screen. a) held … will b) held … would c) hold … can

2. The economy … when consumers have confidence.

a) grows b) will grow c) would grow

3. If you hadn’t eaten all those sweets, you … stomach ache. a) won’t have b) don’t have c) wouldn’t have

4.If we …. now, we’ll catch the last train. a) had left b) leave c) left

 

5. If there … a power cut while you were using your computer, you might loose data. a) was b) had been c) is

6. When I … home I'll ring you.a) will arrive b) am arriving c) arrive

7. …… she been more careful, she wouldn’t have broken her arm. a) Were b) Had c) Should

8. If you used an LCD display, you … more space at your desk. a) would have b) would have had c) will have

9. If I…… you were coming, I would have cooked a nice meal. a) have known b) would know c) had known

10. If I got lost in the forest, I …… a compass to help me find my way. a) would have used b) would use c) will use

11. When you ………… an onion, your eyes water. a) could peel b) had peeled c)peel

12. ….to me, I'll tell you immediately. a) Were he write b) Does he write c) Should he write

13. Unless you have a ticket, you to park here.a) are not allowed b) cannot allow c) be not allowed

14. I'll go to the supermarket tonight, if I enough time. a) am having b) have c) will have

15. If you double-click on an icon, you … open up a program or a folder.a) will b) would c) will be

16. What kind of deal … you offer if we … in principle?

a) will … agreed b) would … agreed c) would … will agree

 

17. I … sign that document if I … you.

a) won’t … were b) wouldn’t … am c) wouldn’t … were

18. We’d increase the guarantee to two years if you… the order.

a) increased b) will increase c) increase

19. If we’d shown more concern, he … with the company.

a) will stay b) would have stayed c)would stay

20... you wish to leave, please give us four-weeks’ notice.

a) Should b) Would c) Suppose

21. … there … a take-over, then we would have all been looking for a new job.

a) would … be b) should … been c) had … been

22. You would have been successful, if you … leadership.

a) ‘d shown b) ‘ll show c) ‘d be shown

23. … you … happier to come, if you’d thought you might win.

a) Would … be b) Would … have been c) Will … be

24. If she ……. him, she ……. him.

a) didn’t love, wouldn’t have married b) hadn’t loved, wouldn’t have married c) hadn’t loved, wouldn’t marry

25. If she ……. reliable, she ……. you down.a) had been, wouldn’t have let b) were, wouldn’t have let c) were, wouldn’t let

 

26. If they ……. hunting, the tiger ……. endangered. a) had banned, won’t be b) banned, wouldn’t be c) had banned, wouldn’t be

27. If he … it yesterday he …the exam.

a) did; passed b) did; would have passed c) had done; would have passed

 

28. If it weren’t for the current economic crisis, ten workers ……………laid off.a) would have b) wouldn’t have been c) would have been d) wouldn’t be

29. ……………I been informed, I’d have attended the meeting.a)Should b) Were c) Had d) Would

30. Since the Mayor can’t come, we …………… a meeting.a)won’t hold b) wouldn’t hold c) wouldn’t have held d) hold

Вправа 4. Перекладіть англійською мовою.

1. Якби вона не надіслала вчора цього листа, Дмитро був би зараз вдома. 2. Якби я був на вашому місці, І порадився б з батьками. 3. Якби зараз підійшов трамвай, ми не спізнилися б. 4. Якби він знав, що це вас засмучує, він був би обережнішим. 5. Якби ви мені допомогли вирішити цю задачу, я був би вам дуже вдячний. 6. Якби ми більше попрацювали, ми краще б знали мову. 7. Якби він регулярно не відвідував спортивні тренування, то не домігся б такого успіху на змаганнях. 8. Якби мої батьки рули багаті, уже давно б купили мені машину. 9. Якби я знав німецьку мову, то читав би Гете в оригіналі. 10. Якби ви не перервали нас учора, ми закінчили б роботу в термін. 11. Якби він не слідував порадам лікаря, то не видужав би так швидко. 12. Якби він не був талановитим художником, його картину не прийняли б на виставку. 13. Якби ви тоді послухались моєї поради, то не,були б зараз у такому скрутному становищі. 14. Якби я не був так зайнятий у ці дні, то допоміг би тобі вчора. 15. Якби він не був такий короткозорий, то впізнав би мене вчора в театрі. 16. Вона здорова. Якби вона була хвора, її брат сказав би мені про це вчора.

 

KEYS

Вправа 1.

1. If you are busy, I will leave you alone. If you were busy, I would leave you alone. If you had been busy, I would have left you alone.

2. If she knows English, she will try to enter the University. If she knew English, she would try to enter the University. If she had known English, she would have tried to enter the University.

3. They all will be surprised if I make such a mistake. They all would be surprised if I made such a mistake. They all would have been surprised if I had made such a mistake.

4. If we receive a telegram from him, we won’t worry. If we received a telegram from him, we wouldn’t worry. If we had received a telegram from him, we wouldn’t have worried.

5. If no one comes to help, we will be obliged to do the work ourselves. If no one came to help, we would be obliged to do the work ourselves. If no one had come to help, we would have been obliged to do the work ourselves.

6. If you put on your glasses, you will see better. If you put on your glasses, you would see better. If you had put on your glasses, you would have seen better.

7. If he doesn’t come in time, will we have to wait for him?

If he didn’t come in time, would we have to wait for him?

If he hadn’t come in time, would we have had to wait for him?

 

Вправа 2.

1. I would be delighted if I had such a smart car. 2. If it rains, we will have to stay at home. 3. If he had worked hard, he would have achieved great progress. 4. If he were not such an outstanding actor, he wouldn’t have so many admirers. 5. If she were not so absent-minded, she would be a much better student. 6. If you were not so careless about your health, you would consult the doctor. 7. If they had known it before, they would have taken measure! 8. The dish would have been much more tasty if she were a better cook. 9. If I didn’t know English, I would not be able to enjoy Byron's poetry. 10. If he did not read so much, he would not know English literature so well.

 

Вправа 3.

1-с; 2-a; 3-b; 4-b; 5-a; 6-c; 7-b; 8-a;9-c; 10-b; 11-c; 12-c; 13-a; 14-b; 15-a; 16-b; 17-c; 18-a; 19-b; 20-a; 21-c; 22-a; 23-b; 24-a; 25-b; 26-c; 27-c; 28-b; 29-c; 30-a.

Вправа 4.

1. If she had not sent that letter yesterday, Dmytro could be home now. 2. If I were you, I would ask your parents for advice. 3. If we caught the tram just right now, we wouldn’t be late. 4. If he knew it made you feel distressed, he would have been more cautious. 5. If you could help me to solve this problem, I would be grateful to you. 6. If we worked harder, we would know English better. 7. If he were not in training, he wouldn’t have made such progress. 8. If my parents were well-off, they would buy a car for me long before. 9. If I knew German, I would read Goethe’s poetry in original. 10. If you hadn’t interrupted us yesterday, we would have finished the work in time. 11. If he hadn’t followed the doctor’s advice, he wouldn’t have recovered in such a short period. 12. If he were not such a talented artist, his paintings wouldn’t have been exhibited. 13. If you had followed my advice then, you wouldn’t have been in such great difficulties. 14. If I were not so busy these days, I would have helped you yesterday. 15. If he were not so short-sighted, he would have recognized me yesterday in the theatre. 16. She is well. If she were ill, her brother would have told me about it yesterday.

 

 

Література:

1. Evans, V. (2002) CPE Use of English for the revised Cambridge Proficiency Examination, (p.p. 138-163), Express Publishing: Liberty House.

2. Evans, V. & Dooley, J. (2008) Enterprise Grammar 4, (p.p. 38-48), Express Publishing: Liberty House.

3. Голіцинський Ю.Б. Граматика. Збірник вправ. – К.: ІНКОС, 2002. – ст. 321-333.

4. Назаренко О.І. Дистанційний курс «Conditionals. Wishes. Preferences». http:moodle. udec. ntu-kpi.kiev.ua

 

РЕЧЕННЯ

UNIT 10

РЕЧЕННЯ (SENTENSES)

Типи речень – Types of sentences

 

Classifying Sentences by Structure – Класифікація речень за структурою

Просте Simple	Складносурядне Compound	Складнопідрядне Complex
Головне речення The Main Clause	Підрядне речення The Subordinate Clause
It was a dark night. There were millions of stars in the sky.	It was a dark night and/but there were millions of stars in the sky.	There were millions of stars in the sky	though it was a dark night.

 

Classifying Sentences by Function – Класифікація речень за Функцією

 

Розповідне Declarative (statement)	My brother is a programmer. We live in the 21^st century.
Питальне Interrogative (question)	Is your brother a programmer? Do you live in the 21^st century?
Заперечне Negative	My brother isn’t a programmer. They didn’t live in the 21^st century.
Спонукальне Imperative	Smile! Relax! Take it easy! Enjoy your life! Let’s not quarrel! Never trust strangers! Don’t worry.
Окличне Exclamatory	What a brilliant idea! What fine days! This is such a good song! These are such good songs! This is such good music! It’s such a thick newspaper! They are such thick newspapers! It was such a nice morning! The morning was so nice!

 

Перевірте себе:

 

З завдання 1. Позначте які ці речення за функцією: declarative, interrogative, exclamatory, or imperative.

1. Why do you believe that?

2. I want to know why you believe that

3. Please accept my apology.

4. Your face is frightening the baby!

5. My shoe is on fire!

6. When did you first notice that your shoe was on fire?

7. My doctor told me to take these vitamins.

8. Ask Doris for the recipe.

9. Did you solve the puzzle yet?

10. Ann, hand me your coat.