Make a new sentence from the question in brackets.

Where has Tom gone?) Do you know.....

Where is the post office?) Could you tell me where..............................................

What's the time?) I wonder....................................................................................

What does this word mean?) I want to know.........................................................

What time did they leave?) Do you know.............................................................

Is Sue going out tonight?) I don't know..................................................................

Where does Caroline live?) Do you have any idea................................................

Where did I park the car?) I can't remember..........................................................

Is there a bank near here?) Can you tell me..........................................................

What do you want?) Tell me................................................................................

Why didn't Kate come to the party?) I don't know.................................................

How much does it cost to park here?) Do you know.............................................

Who is that woman?) I have no idea.......................................................................

Did Liz get my letter?) Do you know......................................................................

How far is it to the airport?) Can you tell me........................................................

 

4 You are making a phone call. You want to speak to Sue, but she isn't there. Somebody else answers the phone. You want to know three things:

(1) Where has she gone? (2) When will she be back? and (3) Did she go out alone? Complete the conversation:

A: Do you know where..................................................................................?

B: Sorry, I've got no idea.

A: Never mind. I don't suppose you know.......................................................?

B: No, I'm afraid not.

A: One more thing. Do you happen to know.....................................................?

B: I'm afraid I didn't see her go out.

A: OK. Well, thank you anyway. Goodbye.

 

 

Grammar Reported Speech (questions)

(Do you know where...? / He asked me where...)

Do you know where...? /1 don't know why... / Could you tell me what...? etc. We say: Where has Tom gone?

but Do you know where Tom has gone? {not Do you know where has Tom gone?)

When the question (Where has Tom gone?) is part of a longer sentence (Do you know...? / I don't know... / Can you tell me...? etc.), the word order changes. We say:

What time is it? but Do you know what time it is?

Who are those people? I don't know who those people are.

Where can I find Linda? Can you tell me where I can find Linda?

How much will it cost? Do you have any idea how much it will cost?

Be careful with do/does/did questions. We say:

What time does the film begin? but Do you know what time the film begins?

{not does the film begin)

What do you mean? Please explain what you mean.

Why did she leave early? I wonder why she left early.

Use if or whether where there is no other question word (what, why etc.):

Did anybody see you? but Do you know if anybody saw you?

or... whether anybody saw you?

He asked me where... (reported questions)

The same changes in word order happen in reported questions. Compare:

direct The police officer said to us, 'Where are you going?'

Reported The police officer asked us where we were going.

direct Clare said, 'What time do the banks close?'

reported Clare wanted to know what time the banks closed.

 

In reported speech the verb usually changes to the past (were, closed etc.).

 

Are you willing to travel?

Why did you apply for the job?

What do you do in your spare time?

Can you speak any foreign languages?

How long have you been working in your present job?

Do you have a driving license?

Later you tell a friend what the interviewer asked you. You use reported speech:

She asked if {or whether) I was willing to travel.

She wanted to know what I did in my spare time.

She asked how long I had been working in my present job.

She asked why I had applied for the job. {or... why I applied)

She wanted to know if {or whether) I could speak any foreign languages.

She asked if {or whether) I had a driving license.

 

 

Grammar Revision. Passive Voice, Question tags, Reported Speech

I variant

Task 1 Change the sentences into Passive Voice, paying attention their tenses

1. Mary apologized for troubling him

2. Police closed the road after the accident

3. The painters are painting my house

4. They’ll hold a meeting tomorrow

5. They’ll have hold a meeting by 5 o’clock tomorrow

 

Task 2 Change the sentences into Active Voice paying attention their tenses

1. A new car has just been bought by my father

2. Mark was being questioned by the police when I came

3. This work will be finished by me tomorrow

4. Classical music was being listened at 4 o’clock by him

5. I wasn’t liked by everybody

 

Task 3. A week ago you met your friend Mark and he told you some things. Now retell your another friend what Mark said to you. Use Reported speech.

1. While I am holding a spider I often feel too afraid to speak

2. How many mobile phones do you have?

3. Don’t sell your new phone

4. Is it your phone number?

5. I met with my uncle

 

Task 4. Change the sentences into Direct speech:

1. She asked me if I liked spiders.

2. He said he had been reading all morning

3. She said she would help me

4. He said he had just bought a new car

5. Kate said they were leaving for Canada the next day

 

Take 5. Complete the Disjunctive questions:

1. Don’t eat that ice-cream, …?

2. You cannot speak German, …?

3. She has a lot of brothers, …?

4. We have got a lot of nephews, …?

5. I lived in London 5 years ago, …?

 

II variant

Task 1 Change the sentences into Passive Voice, paying attention their tenses

1. The doctor prescribed her new medicine

2. Everybody laughed at this funny animal

3. We have been looking for you the whole evening

4. Have dogs ever attacked you?

5. They are selling delicious fruit ice cream there now

 

Task 2 Change the sentences into Active Voice paying attention their tenses

1. We were shown the way out of the wood by the old man

2. She will be offered some interesting work by them

3. All the books have been put into the bookcase by the girl

4. Fields are covered in winter by snow

5. I am always invited to dinner by her

 

Task 3. A week ago you met your friend Mark and he told you some things. Now retell your another friend what Mark said to you. Use Reported speech.

1. We have forgotten to take a ball

2. What will I do with Nick?

3. Sell your car to me

4. Do you like Mary?

5. Did you meet Mary?

 

Task 4. Change the sentences into Direct speech:

1. She asked me if I had passed the exam.

2. He said it had been raining for an hour

3. She said she couldn’t speak German

4. He wanted to know who my friend was

5. He told me to come in time

 

Take 5. Complete the Disjunctive questions:

1. Let’s discuss it together, …?

2. You are my best friend, …?

3. My mother has long hair, …?

4. My mother has not got long hair, …?

5. I loved history at school, …?

 

III variant

Task 1 Change the sentences into Passive Voice, paying attention their tenses

1. We shall finish this work in time

2. They were selling new children’s books at 8 o’clock

3. She has given me an English book

4. I have invited some friends to tea

5. They are translating this article now

 

Task 2 Change the sentences into Active Voice paying attention their tenses

1. The girl was looked for everywhere by them

2. The patients are looked after well by her

3. I wasn’t blamed for the mistakes by our teacher

4. Nick had been told to go home by 8 o’clock by Mark

5. This article was being translated by my brother

 

 

Task 3. A week ago you met your friend Mark and he told you some things. Now retell your another friend what Mark said to you. Use Reported speech.

1. Will you show me your new flat?

2. I have visited all my friends

3. Don’t worry about it

4. Are you translating the article?

5. I worked at a school

 

Task 4. Change the sentences into Direct speech:

1. She asked me if I could bring him the book.

2. He said he had worked there for 15 years

3. She said she didn’t attend the meeting

4. He told me to bring a piece of chalk

5. My father asked me what I was doing

 

Take 5. Complete the Disjunctive questions:

1. You can help me, …?

2. Don’t drop the plate, …?

3. I don’t have a car, …?

4. She had a mobile phone, …?

5. I am clever and muscular, …?

 

 

IV variant

Task 1 Change the sentences into Passive Voice, paying attention their tenses

1. They built this house in 2001

2. Thousands of people attend this meeting

3. A lot of people were watching TV at 10 o’clock

4. They had waited for you by 7 o’clock

5. We are making breakfast at this moment

 

Task 2 Change the sentences into Active Voice paying attention their tenses

1. Invitations have been sent to all pupils by him

2. She will be sent to France by her boss tomorrow

3. The car is being repaired by his brother at this moment

4. The flowers are watered by our mother every day

5. I have been said to go out by the doctor

 

Task 3. A week ago you met your friend Mark and he told you some things. Now retell your another friend what Mark said to you. Use Reported speech.

1. I have been learning English with my sister

2. What is your new phone number?

3. Don’t go to the abroad

4. Are you still a student?

5. I worked at a factory with your ex-girlfriend

 

Task 4. Change the sentences into Direct speech:

1. She asked me if I liked my new job.

2. He said he had applied for a job

3. She said she wouldn’t come the next day

4. My mother said it is her work

5. He told me to wait for him

 

Take 5. Complete the Disjunctive questions:

1. Don’t discuss it with anybody, …?

2. She is her niece, …?

3. We have bought a new house, …?

4. You have a new suit, …?

5. I am slim and good-looking, …?

 

 

Unit 4

Text: The food industry

Grammar: Verb+ -ing or Gerund

The food industry

 

In developing countries, many families produce their own food or buy food from local farmers. In developed countries, however, most people depend on the food industry. This section describes the food industry in the United States. However, much of the information also applies to the food industries in Canada and other developed countries.

The food industry consists of all the activities involved in producing food and getting it to consumers. The main branches of the industry include production, processing, packaging, transportation and marketing. Government regulations cover each branch and help assure consumers of safe, good-quality products. In addition, food companies and other organizations conduct research to increase the food supply and to improve food products.

The food industry is one of the largest industries in the United States. About 3 million Americans, including self-employed farmers, work on farms to produce basic foods. Food-processing plants employ more than one and a half million workers to prepare and package foods for the market. Millions of other workers are involved in the transporting and marketing of food.

Each branch of the food industry contributes to the prices of foods in the market place. The prices reflect the cost of producing the basic food as well as the processing, packaging, transportation and marketing costs. All these costs, plus the profits of each branch of the industry, are paid by consumers.

 

 

Exercises