Ex. 4. Compare the following pairs of sentences and translate them into Russian.

1. Students asked the lecturer a lot of questions. The lecturer was asked a lot of questions.2. The monitor told the students to come to the laboratory. The students were told to come to the laboratory. 3. Usually a lab assistant shows the equipment to the students. Usually the equipment is shown to the students by a lab assistant. Usually the students are shown the equipment by a lab assistant. 4. Have you prepared all the documents? Have all the documents been prepared? 5. Tomorrow our teacher will give us a new task. Tomorrow we will be given a new task. A new task will be given tomorrow. 6. Practice accompany theory. Theory is accompanied by practice. 7. He asked me to bring a dictionary. He was asked to bring a dictionary. 8. They are interviewing the delegates. The delegates are being interviewed. 9. The University will send the students to a big plant in summer. The students will be sent to a big plant in summer. 10. She taught us to use English tenses. We were taught to use English tenses.

 

Ex. 5. Answer the following questions according to the model.

M o d e l: Are you going to send them a telegram? (tomorrow) – It will be sent tomorrow.

 

1. Are you going to paint your country house this year? (only last year)

2. Are you going to call a doctor? (early in the morning)

3. Are you going to throw away old papers? (at the end of this year)

4. Are you going to prepare the room for his arrival? (yesterday)

5. When are you going to return the books to the library? (the day after tomorrow)

6. When are you going to solve this problem? (after the exams)

7. When are you going to explain everything to him? (tomorrow)

8. Are you going to sign the invitations? (in the evening)

9. Are you going to sell your car? (after the trip)

10. When are you going to change these curtains? (after the renovation)

11. Where are you going to hold the party? (in «Agatha» cafe)

Ex. 6. Answer the following questions according to the model.

M o d e l: Why aren’t you going to the party? (I, not, to invite) – I haven’t been invited.

1. Can you show me the result of your research?

– I’m afraid I can’t. (The research, not, to finish, yet)

2. Is the patient getting better?

– Yes. (a new antibiotic, to try, and the results are good)

3. I want to have my papers.

– Wait a minute. (The papers, not, to write, yet)

4. The briefing is over. (All questions, to answer)

5. I can’t recognize our school.

– Surely you can’t. (It, to reconstruct, recently)

6. How long has he been in hospital?

– (He, to treat, for cancer, since last autumn)

7. May I see Dr. Nesterov, please?

– You’ll have to wait. (the doctor, not, to complete, the operation, yet)

Ex. 7. Study the table and change the following sentences into Passive.

	Tense	Subject	Verb	Object
Present Simple	Active:	Rita	writes	a letter.
Passive:	A letter	is written	by Rita.
Past Simple	Active:	Rita	wrote	a letter.
Passive:	A letter	was written	by Rita.
Future Simple	Active:	Rita	will write	a letter.
Passive:	A letter	will be written	by Rita.
Present Perfect	Active	Rita	has written	a letter
Passive	A letter	has been written	by Rita

A. Change the sentences in the Present Simple Passive.

He opens the door. We set the table. She pays a lot of money. I draw a picture. They wear blue shoes. They don’t help you. He doesn’t open the book. You do not write the letter. Does your mum pick you up? Does the police officer catch the thief?

 

B. Change the sentences in the Past Simple Passive.

She sang a song. Somebody hit me. We stopped the bus. A thief stole my car. They didn’t let him go. She didn’t win the prize. They didn’t make their beds. I did not tell them. Did you tell them? Did he send the letter?

 

C. Change the sentences in the Future Simple Passive.

Jane will buy a new computer. Her boyfriend will install it. Millions of people will visit the museum. Our boss will sign the contract. You will not do it. They will not show the new film. He won’t see Sue. They will not ask him. Will the company employ a new worker? Will the plumber repair the shower?

 

D. Change the sentences in the Present Perfect Passive.

I have just posted the letter. I have translated the whole text. Has the secretary typed the letters yet? Have dogs ever attacked you? He has just written this computer programme. The Browns have invited some friends to tea. The students have written the test without mistakes. He has lost his credit card.

 

Ex. 8. Complete the text with the correct passive form.

How chips are made

Inside computers, the CPU is a microprocessor chip. Most processors (1) (make) …………….. of silicon. This material can be obtained from beach sand and works well because it’s a semiconductor of electricity.

Manufactures make large crystals of high-quality silicon and then each crystal (2) (cut) ……………..into slices less than a millimeter thick. These slices, called wafers, (3) (treat) …………….. with chemicals, gases and light before they are cut into individual chips.

In the next step, millions of transistors and very small wires (4) (build) …………….. onto the chip in several layers.

After this, the chip (5) (test) …………….. many times to ensure that all switches and circuits work correctly.

Finally, each chip (6) (insert) …………….. into a protective package, which allows the processor to connect to other devices on motherboard of the computer.

 

Ex. 9. Speak on the following situations. Use the Passive Voice.

1) You are going to the party.

To be invited to the party; to be accompanied by; to be picked up at 5 o’clock; to be introduced to; to be offered ice-cream; to be asked to sing; to be invited to dance.

2) Boris is late for classes.

To be left alone in the house; not to be awakened; to be given a lift by the neighbour; to be reprimanded by a teacher; not to be given a chance to explain; to be interrupted; to be laughed at.

3) Mike fails the exam.

To be examined by Professor Clark; not to be prepared well enough; to be asked difficult questions; not to be given much time to think them over; to be asked to come again in a week.

 

Ex. 10. Mixed tenses. Complete these sentences with a suitable passive verb.

1. Delphi (often use) …………….. for general purpose programs.

2. Radio waves (discover) …………….. in 1887 by Heinrich Hertz.

3. These microchips (make) …………….. in Japan.

4. Sorry about the mess – the machines (replace) ……………..

5. A computer (use) …………….. as a word processor in 1964.

6. A serious error (just find) …………….. in this program.

7. In the near future, the Internet and other IT devices (introduce) …………….. into cars.

Ex. 11. A. Complete the sentences using the Present Simple Active or Passive.

He (sell) cars. The blue car (sell). In summer, more ice-cream (eat) than in winter. She (call) her grandparents every Friday. The letters (type). He (take) his medicine every day. Jane (take / not) to school by her father. We (go) to school by bus. She (work / not) for a bank. Milk (keep) in the refrigerator.

 

B. Complete the sentences using the Past Simple Active or Passive.

They (visit) their granny. We (visit) by our teacher. My friend Paul (bear) in Dallas. She (go) to school in Boston. Anthony (grow up) in the country. The new shopping centre (build) last year. The film (produce / not) in Hollywood. Barbara (know) James very well. The jewels (hide / not) in the cellar. We (spend / not) all day on the beach.

 

C. Complete the sentences using Future Simple Active or Passive.

The house (build) here. You (send) home. I (eat) an ice-cream. We (go) home now. I (help) you. The match (win / not) by our team. The weather (improve / not) tomorrow. The trees (cut) down. The meeting (cancel / not). They (do / not) that again.

 

 

READING AND SpeAKING

Ex. 1. Read the text. Translate it into Russian. Get ready to discuss the text.

 

What is the Internet?

USING the Internet, David, a teacher in the United States, acquired course materials. A Canadian father accessed it to stay in contact with his daughter in France. Loma, a housewife, used it to examine scientific research on the early beginnings of the universe. A farmer turned to it to find information about new planting methods that make use of satellites. Corporations are drawn to it because of its power to advertise their products and services to millions of potential customers. People around the globe read the latest national and international news by means of its vast reporting and information services.

What is this computer phenomenon called the Internet, or the Net? Do you personally have need of it? Before you decide to get «on» the Internet, you may want to know something about it. In spite of all the hype, there are reasons to exercise caution, especially if there are children in the home.

What Is It?

Imagine a room filled with many spiders, each spinning its own web. The webs are so interconnected that the spiders can travel freely within this maze. You now have a simplified view of the Internet – a global collection of many different types of computers and computer networks that are linked together. Just as a telephone enables you to talk to someone on the other side of the earth who also has a phone, the Internet enables a person to sit at his computer and exchange information with other computers and computer users any place in the world.

Some refer to the Internet as the information superhighway. Just as a road allows travel through different areas of a country, so the Internet allows information to flow through many different interconnected computer networks. As messages travel, each network that is reached contains information that assists in connecting to the adjacent network. The final destination may be in a different city or country.

Each network can “speak” with its neighbor network by means of a common set of rules created by the Internet designers worldwide. How many networks are connected? Some estimates say over 30,000. According to recent surveys, these networks connect over 10,000,000 computers and some 30,000,000 users throughout the world. It is estimated that the number of connected computers is doubling each year.

What can people locate on the Internet? It offers a rapidly growing collection of information, with topics ranging from medicine to science and technology. It features exhaustive material on the arts as well as research material for students and coverage of recreation, entertainment, sports, shopping, and employment opportunities. The Internet provides access to almanacs, dictionaries, encyclopedias, and maps.

There are, however, some disturbing aspects to consider. Can everything on the Internet be regarded as wholesome? What services and resources does the Internet offer? What precautions are in order? The following articles will discuss these questions.