Rewrite the following sentences either using inversion or in the normal way

 

1 If you had phoned us, we wouldn't have been so worried.

2 George wouldn't have had an accident if he had been more careful.

3 Had we thought it was going to rain, we'd have taken umbrellas.

4 Had you warned us what might happen, we could have been better prepared.

5 If you hadn't stayed out in the rain, you might not have caught a cold.

6 Had you told me you couldn't come till six o'clock, I wouldn't have waited so long.

 

Exercise 9

Fill in the blanks. Use one word only in each space

 

The lowest spot on earth is the Dead Sea, about 395 metres below sea level. It got its name because in olden times it was believed that nothing could live near it, and if a bird even (1) … over it, it (2) … die from the poisonous fumes coming up from the water. If you go into the Dead Sea, you (3) … sink because the water is so salty and that is what keeps you floating. However, unless you swim on your back, you (4) … get salty water in your eyes and mouth and this is very unpleasant Also, if you (5) have a shower immediately afterwards, the salt (6) … on your skin and you soon begin to itch.

The Biblical cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were at the southern end of the Dead Sea, but if you (7) … for them now, you (8) … find them, because they were destroyed by “fire from Heaven”.

A “Pillar of Salt”, which by tradition is called “Lot's Wife”, can be seen, recalling the Biblical story of the woman who looked back and was turned into a pillar of salt. If she (9) … looked back, this would not have (10) … to her.

 

Conjunctions

Focus 1

Suppose/Supposing

We can use words other than if to express conditionals:

Suppose he comes tomorrow, will we still meet him?

Suppose he went by train, would it be any quicker?

Supposing he had come for an interview, would you have given him a job?

Suppose (that) / supposing (that) = what if

The result clause is in the form of a question.

 

Exercise 1

Complete the following sentences

 

1 Suppose Dan asks her for a date, …

2 Supposing …, what difference would it make?

3 Supposing …, where could they have put it?

4 Suppose she were here now, …

5 Supposing he doesn't win a medal, …

 

Focus 2

More Expressions

As long as / so long as

On (the) condition that

Provided (that) / providing (that)

You can go out tonight, as long as / so long as you come back by midnight.

She agreed to come on (the) condition that she could bring her pet canary.

He could have recovered provided (that) he had followed the doctor's orders.

We use these to express a strong idea of limitation. They follow the form of the three conditionals.

 

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences

1 The sun wouldn't have damaged your skin provided that …

2 … so long as the police patrolled the neighbourhood.

3 They would be able to get a scholarship providing that …

4 You will lose weight as long as …

5 I'll lend you the car on condition that …

 

Focus 3

In Case

 

Take an umbrella in case it rains. (because it may rain)

She brought her swimming costume in case the hotel had a pool. (because she thought the hotel might have a pool)

We use in case with present or past tense to indicate a condition that may or may not happen. In case refers to things we do in advance in order to be ready for something.

Note: The in case clause gives the reason or explanation for the main clause. The idea of the sentence remains true and does not depend on the in case clause. Therefore the structure does not express a true condition.

In case of accident, notify the police.

In case of + noun = if there is a / an

 

Exercise 3

Complete the following sentences

 

1 She slept next to the baby in case …

2 Doctors often carry their bags just in case …

3 In case of …, you should go to the air-raid shelter

4 … in case you want to write to her.

5 Take my phone number in case …

 

Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words from Focus 1, 2 or 3

 

1 Don't leave your medicine there … one of the children gets hold of it.

2 … I lend you the money, when will I get it back?

3 You can come to the meeting … you don't say anything.

4 You should go with Mary … she needs help.

5 … Bill asks you to marry him, what will you say?

6 Tom will make a good footballer … he trains more.

7 A sea cruise is very pleasant … the weather is good.

8 Wild animals usually don't hurt people … they don't feel threatened.

9 … you're thinking of going to see that film at the Grand Cinema, I found it very boring.

10 … Tom wants to come with us, shall we let him?

 

Focus 4

Otherwise

You’d better hurry. Otherwise, you will be late for your appointment. (Otherwise = if you don’t hurry)

A condition may sometimes be understood even though it is not stated. Otherwise comes instead of a conditional clause.

 

Exercise 5

Write the meaning of otherwise in each of the following sentences

 

1 Her daughter translates everything for her. Otherwise, she wouldn't manage at all.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

2 He used the dictionary in the test. Otherwise, he wouldn't have known the answers.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

3 You must apply for the scholarship this week. Otherwise your application won't be accepted.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

4 She's got a deadline to meet. Otherwise she would be here now.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

5 People who work outdoors should wear hats and sunglasses. Otherwise, they may suffer from skin disorders.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

Exercise 6

Rewrite the following sentences without changing the meaning of the original sentence

 

1 Make a note of it because you may forget. (in case) …

2 If that actor doesn't improve, he will be replaced (otherwise) …

3 I wonder how he would react if he received that telegram now. Suppose …

4 You must eat only fresh fruit and vegetables in that country. Otherwise, you may get food poisoning. Provided …

5 Do you know what to do in case of fire? Suppose …

6 If I asked you to help out, would you be willing to do so? Supposing …

7 They didn't make any noise because they didn't want to wake up the baby. (in case) …

8 The author will complete the book in time, but he needs his agent's help. (as long as) …

9 The only way to get a room at this hotel is to book in advance.

10 Providing …

11 Learning a foreign language is easy for those who start at an early age. (as long as) …

 

Spot The Error!

Can you correct the mistakes?

The firm will give you a promotion in case you work hard.

Supposing there will be a fire, you will call the neighbours. (2 mistakes)

 

Just For Laugh!

Suppose a boy monster meets a girl monster... what happens?

Love at first fright!

 

WISH

Focus 1

Wishes About Present and Future

I wish I knew English better. (I don't know English well enough.)

She wishes he would join them. (She's sorry he isn't joining them.)

He wished he were younger. (He's not as young as he would have liked to be.)

Wish expresses regret that things are not the way the speaker would like them to be.

Wish is followed by the Past Simple (often to refer to the present), would or could (often to refer to the future).

In formal English the verb be appears in the form were as in If II.

She seldom writes. I wish she would write more often. (I and she different subjects)

Ruth always copies Sue’s homework. Sue wishes Ruth wouldn’t copy her homework. (Sue and Ruth different subjects)

Wish + would usually expresses dissatisfaction or complaint about a present situation. Wish + would is only used in sentences with different subjects.

All the above notes are true for wish or wished.

Exercise 1

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb in brackets or with a modal

 

1 I wish Ann … (live) nearer.

2 I wish Ann … (not live) so far away.

3 I wish you … stop talking.

4 Tom's mother wished he … (be) more tidy around the house.

5 Jenny wished she … (be) prettier.

6 Mike wishes he … swim as well as Tom.

7 I wish we … (not have) exams tomorrow.

8 Do you wish you … travel to the moon?

9 Tom and Mary wish they … buy a new car.

10 I wish I … (not be) so short.

 

Focus 2

Wishes About Past

I'm sorry that I didn't know Diana's phone number and couldn't invite her to the party. 1 wish I had known her phone number.

Wish + Past Perfect (had + V3) expresses regret about a past situation.

I wish she could have come. (I'm sorry she didn't come.)

When a modal is used, it must be could + have + V3.

The above notes are true for wish or wished.

If only we hadn't taken the bus, we would have arrived earlier.

If only is equivalent to I wish. It is often used to suggest a strong wish or regret. It is usually followed by Past Simple or Past Perfect.

Exercise 2