Choose the sentence which is nearest in meaning to the original. All types of conditional are included

Exercise 6

Choose the sentence which is nearest in meaning to the original. All types of conditional are included

 

1 Fran would do better at French if she worked harder.

a Fran will never succeed at French.

b Fran is a very good at French.

c Fran usually works well at French.

d More effort would improve Fran's French.

 

2 If the plane hadn't been delayed by bad weather, we wouldn't have been late.

a Although the plane was late, we were on time.

b The weather made us be late.

c The bad weather did not interfere with the plane's arrival.

d We were not late although the weather was bad.

 

3 If you ask someone the way, you'll find the British Museum easily.

a Most people can tell you where the British Museum is.

b It is very difficult to find the British Museum, even if you ask how to get there.

c Did you find the British Museum when you wanted to go there?

d Did you ask someone the way to the British Museum?

 

4 You needn't have tea if you prefer coffee.

a I'm only going to make tea.

b I can only make tea.

c I don't mind making either tea or coffee.

d I'm going to have coffee, but I'll make tea for you if you want it.

 

5 The doctor said that if Mrs. Smith were to diet, she would feel better.

a Mrs. Smith does not need to be careful what she eats.

b Mrs. Smith has always been careful what she eats.

c Mrs. Smith should eat more.

d Mrs. Smith should eat less.

 

6 Mary would have passed the exam even if I hadn't helped her.

a Mary passed the exam without help.

b Mary failed because no one helped her.

c Without my help, Mary would not have passed.

d Mary didn't really need any help at all.

 

7 I won't go to the theatre unless you come with me.

a I prefer to go to the theatre by myself.

b I don't want to go to the theatre without you.

c I want to go to the theatre by myself.

d I don't want to go to the theatre.

 

8 If I were Jim, I wouldn’t go out with Debbie.

a Jim likes going out with Debbie.

b I would like to go out with Debbie.

c Although Jim likes Debbie, I don’t.

d I like Debbie although Jim doesn’t.

 

9 Bill would have enjoyed himself if he’d been at Tina’s party.

a Tina is having a party tonight and Bill is going.

b Tina had a party last night and Bill really enjoyed himself.

c Tina had a party last night, but Bill didn’t go.

d Tina had a party tonight, but Bill isn’t going.

 

10 If George hadn’t gambled so much, he wouldn’t be so poor now.

a George doesn't have much money because he gambled a lot.

b George gambles a lot, but he always wins.

c George doesn't have much money, but it's nothing to do with gambling.

d George makes a lot of money by gambling.

 

 

Extra Focus

Had she been warned in advance [If she had been warned in advance], she wouldn't have been surprised by the news.

As a way of emphasizing the if clause, had can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, and the word if omitted?

This form is usually used in more formal English.

 

Exercise 8

Rewrite the following sentences either using inversion or in the normal way

 

1 If you had phoned us, we wouldn't have been so worried.

2 George wouldn't have had an accident if he had been more careful.

3 Had we thought it was going to rain, we'd have taken umbrellas.

4 Had you warned us what might happen, we could have been better prepared.

5 If you hadn't stayed out in the rain, you might not have caught a cold.

6 Had you told me you couldn't come till six o'clock, I wouldn't have waited so long.

 

Exercise 9

Fill in the blanks. Use one word only in each space

 

The lowest spot on earth is the Dead Sea, about 395 metres below sea level. It got its name because in olden times it was believed that nothing could live near it, and if a bird even (1) … over it, it (2) … die from the poisonous fumes coming up from the water. If you go into the Dead Sea, you (3) … sink because the water is so salty and that is what keeps you floating. However, unless you swim on your back, you (4) … get salty water in your eyes and mouth and this is very unpleasant Also, if you (5) have a shower immediately afterwards, the salt (6) … on your skin and you soon begin to itch.

The Biblical cities of Sodom and Gomorrah were at the southern end of the Dead Sea, but if you (7) … for them now, you (8) … find them, because they were destroyed by “fire from Heaven”.

A “Pillar of Salt”, which by tradition is called “Lot's Wife”, can be seen, recalling the Biblical story of the woman who looked back and was turned into a pillar of salt. If she (9) … looked back, this would not have (10) … to her.

 

Conjunctions

Focus 1

Suppose/Supposing

We can use words other than if to express conditionals:

Suppose he comes tomorrow, will we still meet him?

Suppose he went by train, would it be any quicker?

Supposing he had come for an interview, would you have given him a job?

Suppose (that) / supposing (that) = what if

The result clause is in the form of a question.

 

Exercise 1

Complete the following sentences

 

1 Suppose Dan asks her for a date, …

2 Supposing …, what difference would it make?

3 Supposing …, where could they have put it?

4 Suppose she were here now, …

5 Supposing he doesn't win a medal, …

 

Focus 2

More Expressions

As long as / so long as

On (the) condition that

Provided (that) / providing (that)

You can go out tonight, as long as / so long as you come back by midnight.

She agreed to come on (the) condition that she could bring her pet canary.

He could have recovered provided (that) he had followed the doctor's orders.

We use these to express a strong idea of limitation. They follow the form of the three conditionals.

 

Exercise 2

Complete the following sentences

1 The sun wouldn't have damaged your skin provided that …

2 … so long as the police patrolled the neighbourhood.

3 They would be able to get a scholarship providing that …

4 You will lose weight as long as …

5 I'll lend you the car on condition that …

 

Focus 3

In Case

 

Take an umbrella in case it rains. (because it may rain)

She brought her swimming costume in case the hotel had a pool. (because she thought the hotel might have a pool)

We use in case with present or past tense to indicate a condition that may or may not happen. In case refers to things we do in advance in order to be ready for something.

Note: The in case clause gives the reason or explanation for the main clause. The idea of the sentence remains true and does not depend on the in case clause. Therefore the structure does not express a true condition.

In case of accident, notify the police.

In case of + noun = if there is a / an

 

Exercise 3

Complete the following sentences

 

1 She slept next to the baby in case …

2 Doctors often carry their bags just in case …

3 In case of …, you should go to the air-raid shelter

4 … in case you want to write to her.

5 Take my phone number in case …

 

Exercise 4

Fill in the blanks with the most suitable words from Focus 1, 2 or 3

 

1 Don't leave your medicine there … one of the children gets hold of it.

2 … I lend you the money, when will I get it back?

3 You can come to the meeting … you don't say anything.

4 You should go with Mary … she needs help.

5 … Bill asks you to marry him, what will you say?

6 Tom will make a good footballer … he trains more.

7 A sea cruise is very pleasant … the weather is good.

8 Wild animals usually don't hurt people … they don't feel threatened.

9 … you're thinking of going to see that film at the Grand Cinema, I found it very boring.

10 … Tom wants to come with us, shall we let him?

 

Focus 4

Otherwise

You’d better hurry. Otherwise, you will be late for your appointment. (Otherwise = if you don’t hurry)

A condition may sometimes be understood even though it is not stated. Otherwise comes instead of a conditional clause.

 

Exercise 5

Write the meaning of otherwise in each of the following sentences

 

1 Her daughter translates everything for her. Otherwise, she wouldn't manage at all.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

2 He used the dictionary in the test. Otherwise, he wouldn't have known the answers.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

3 You must apply for the scholarship this week. Otherwise your application won't be accepted.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

4 She's got a deadline to meet. Otherwise she would be here now.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

5 People who work outdoors should wear hats and sunglasses. Otherwise, they may suffer from skin disorders.

Otherwise here means “if …”.

Exercise 6

WISH

Focus 1

Exercise 1

Focus 2

Wishes About Past

I'm sorry that I didn't know Diana's phone number and couldn't invite her to the party. 1 wish I had known her phone number.

Wish + Past Perfect (had + V3) expresses regret about a past situation.

I wish she could have come. (I'm sorry she didn't come.)

When a modal is used, it must be could + have + V3.

The above notes are true for wish or wished.

If only we hadn't taken the bus, we would have arrived earlier.

If only is equivalent to I wish. It is often used to suggest a strong wish or regret. It is usually followed by Past Simple or Past Perfect.

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Choose the correct answer

 

1 If only you … me earlier.

a. would tell b. told c. had told

2 Joanne wishes she … to Italy with her brother.

a. went b. could have gone c. would go

3 Andrew wishes he … to Japan with his sister.

a. would go b. were going c. went

4 I wish you … talk so much!

a. wouldn’t b. would c. couldn’t

5 I wish I … tall, dark and handsome!

a. would be b. were c. am

6 Don't you ever wish we … in a bigger house?

a. would live b. live c. lived

7 I wish my children … so much money!

a. don't spend b. spent c. wouldn't spend

8 Ann often wishes she … a famous TV personality.

a. would have been b. have been c. could have been

9 Do you ever wish you … someone else?

a. have been b. were c. was

10 I wish I … a lot more money than I do.

a. earned b. earn c. would earn

 

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

The Subjunctive

Focus 1

Exercise 1

Focus 2

Exercise 2

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

Choose the correct answer

 

The annual school trip to the Negev (1 organize, is organized, is organizing, organized) months in advance. It is essential that all details (2 such, like, for, many) as food, accommodation and transport (3 are, be, is, were) arranged sensibly in order to avoid problems (4 while, in, during, at) the trip itself. The school insists that every pupil (5 takes, take, are taking, will take) a hat and two water bottles, and (6 someone, no one, anyone, everyone) who arrives at the bus without these things won't (7 allow, allowed, is allowed, be allowed) to go on the trip.

Parents have requested that they (8 permit, permitted, be permitted, are permitted) to accompany their children on such trips, an idea which (9 welcomes, has been welcomed, welcomed, had been welcomed) by pupils and teachers alike. (10 However, In spite of, Furthermore, Whereas), any ex-pupils who know first aid are also welcome to join the trip.

Exercise 5

Conditionals

(Grammar Test)

 

Exercise 1

Exercise 2

A) Complete these conditional sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets

 

1 If we’re home early tonight, we......... (go) swimming with you.

2 If Paul drinks coffee at night, it..... (take) him ages to get to sleep.

3 If Anna hung her clothes up, her room......... (look) so untidy.

4 If I see you in the next hour, I.........(tell) him you’re looking for him.

5 If Andrew hadn’t been so rude, his colleagues.........(stop) talking to him.

6 My mother never gives people lifts in her car if she.........(be) on her own.

7 The car seat.........(get) wet, if you had closed the window.

8 My grandfather can’t see very well if he........(have got) his glasses on.

9 I.........(phone) you if I can’t get there.

10 You’d be better at tennis if you.........(practise) more regularly.

 

B) Rewrite 1- 8 as Type 2 or 3 conditional sentences.

Example: He’s tired because he work all the time.

If he didn’t work all the time, he wouldn’t be tired.

 

1 Sue was ill, so she didn’t go to the party.

2 I don’t go to the theatre very often because there isn’t one in my town.

3 Jeff didn’t play football because he’d broken his led.

4 My mother never goes swimming because she’s afraid of water.

5 Of course I’d like to buy a yacht but I haven’t got 100000 $ to spare.

6 It didn’t snow, so we couldn’t go skiing.

7 He walked into the road sign because he wasn’t looking where he was going.

8 I can’t send her a postcard because I don’t know her address.

 

Exercise 3

Exercise 4

In the following sentences, put the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form 3^rd or mixed conditionals. Put any other words in brackets in the correct place. An example is given

Example: If I hadn’t seen (not see) it with my own eyes, I wouldn’t have believed (not believe) it!

 

1 We......... (still live) in Cardiff if we.......(not find) someone to buy our house last year.

2 If Hilary.........(look) out of the window at that moment, she....... (not spot) the criminals trying to break into her car.

3 Nobody.......(ever guess) he was a thief if he.........(not catch) red-handed taking money from the safe.

4 Henry........(not ever get) that job at the bank if he.......... (not go) to school with the manager’s son.

5 Just think, if I......... (take) that job with the export \import company, I......... (live) in Sao Paolo now, not Manchester!

6 If the doctor.........(not notice) the defect when I was a child, I.......... (be) practically blind by now.

7 We........... (be) home in bed ages ago if you........... (not lose) the map!

8 Frank..........(not be) here today if that boy........... (not know) how to do artificial respiration.

9 If you...........(listen) to the traffic report on the radio this morning, we............ (not sit) here in this jam!

 

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 6

Open the brackets

 

1 If you ………. (find) a skeleton in the cellar, don’t mention it to anyone.

2 If you pass you examination, we ………. (have) a celebration.

3 What ……….(happen) if I press this button?

4 I should have voted for her if I ………. (have) a vote then.

5 If you go to Paris, where ………. (you stay)?

6 If someone offered to buy you one of those rings, which ………..(you choose)?

7 The flight may be cancelled if the fog ………. (get) any thicker.

8 If the milkman ………. (come), tell him to leave two pints.

9 Someone ………. (sit) on your glasses if you leave them there.

10 You would play better bridge if you ………. (not talk) so much.

11 What ………. (I do) if I hear the burglar alarm?

12 If you ………. (read) the instructions carefully, you wouldn’t have answered the wrong question.

13 I could repair the roof myself if I ………. (have) a long ladder.

14 Unless they turn that radio off, I ………. (go) mad.

15 If you were made redundant, what ………. (you do)?

16 We’ll have a long way to walk if we ………. (run) out of petrol here.

17 If you shake that bottle of port, it ………. (not be) fit to drink.

18 I’ll probably get lost unless he ………. (come) with me.

19 You ………. (not have) so many accidents if you drove more slowly.

20 If you ………. (wear) a false beard, nobody would have recognised you.

21 If she ……… (leave) the fish there, the cat will get it.

22 Unless they leave a lamp beside that hole in the road, somebody ………. (fall) into it.

23 You’ll get pneumonia if you ………. (not change) your wet clothes.

24 If I had known that you couldn’t eat octopus, I ………. (not buy) it.

25 If they ………. (hang) that picture lower, people would be able to see it.

26 She ………. (be) able to walk faster if her shoes hadn’t such high heels.

27 I ………. (bring) you some beer if I had known that you were thirsty.

28 If you had touched that electric cable, you ………. (be) electrocuted.

29 If the story hadn’t been true, the newspaper……….. (not print) it.

30 I ………. (not buy) things on the instalment system if I were you.

31 Dial 999 if you ………. (want) Police, Ambulance, or Fire Brigade.

32 You ………. (not be) any use to me unless you learn to type.

33 If anyone attacked me, my dog ………. (jump) at his throat.

34 If he were in, he ………. (answer) the phone.

35 The ship would have run aground if the pilot ………. (make) one mistake.

36 I shouldn’t have taken your umbrella if I ………. (know) that it was the only one you had.

 

Exercise 7

Open the brackets.

 

1 I’ve hung out the clothes.It’s lovely and sunny;if it ………. (stay) like this, they ………. (be) dry in two hours.

2 French is essential in this job. All the telephonists speak it.If they ……… (not know) French, they ………. (not understand) half the callers.

3 ”How did you do in the car rally?” “We came in last actually but only because we got lost. If we ………. (not get) lost, we ………. (come) in somewhere in the middle. We certainly ………. (not be) last.”

4 ”I wasn’t really surprised that we got lost because I knew that the navigator couldn’t map-read.” “But if you ………. (know) that, why ………. (you take) him as navigator?”

5 This flat ………. (be) all right if the pople above us ………. (not be) so noisy.

6 A group of spectators, including myself, left the stand just before the end of the game. When we were half way down the stairs, a goal was scored and there was a great cheer from the spectators.If there ………. (not be) a goal, the crowd ………. (not cheer).

7 If the crowd ………. (not cheer), we ………. (not run) back up the stairs to see what had happened.

8 If we ………. (not run) back, we ………. (not crash) into the rest of the spectators on their way down, and there ………. (not be) this frightful accident.

9 If the pain ………. (return), you’d better take another pill.

10 If you aren’t going to live in the house, why ………. (you not sell) it? If I ………. (have) a house I couldn’t use, I ………. (sell) it at once.

11 ”No, I didn’t know any Russian at that time.”But if you ………. (not know) Russian, why ………. (you offer) to give him Russian lessons?” “Because I knew that he ………. (refuse). He always rejected my offers.”

12 Tell him to bring his bicycle inside. If he ………. (leave) it outside, someone ………. (steal) it.

13 Why do people always wear dark clothes at night? If pedestrians ………. (wear) light-coloured clothes, drivers ………. (see) them much more easily.

14 She must have loved him very much because she waited for him for fifteen years. If she ………. (not love) him, she ………. (not wait) so long.

15 He looked so small and weak that nobody asked him to do anything. If he ………. (look) strong, he ………. (be) expected to dig all day like everyone else.

16 ”The government are talking of pulling the village down to make room for an airport.” “If they ………. (start) doing it, the village people ………. (resist).”

17 If you are catching an early train tomorrow, you ………. (like) to have breakfast at 7.00.

18 We’ll have to break the ice on the pond: otherwise the ducks ……… (not be) able to swim. And if they ………. (not be) able to swim, they ………. (not be) able to get food.

19 When he left school, he became a fisherman. His family didn’t like it at all. They ………. (be) much happier if he ………. (become) a grengrocer like his father.

20 They still say that if he ………. (go) into the greengrocery business when he left school, he ………. (be) comfortably off now instead of being poor.

21 But he say that if he ………. (have) his life again, he ………. (make) the same choice.

22 So many parcels and no baskets!If I ………. (know) that we were going to buy so much, I ………. (bring) a basket.

23 No one bathes here. The water is heavily polluted. If you ………. (bathe) in it, you ……… (be) ill for a fortnight.

24 ”I can hear the speaker all right, but I ………. (can) se him too.” “If he ………. (stand) on a barrel, we all ………. (see) him and that ……… (be) much better.”

25 Look at poor Tom trying to start his car by hand again! If I ………. (be) Tom, I ………. (get) a new battery.

26 I expect you’ll see Jack at the lecture tonight. If you ………. (do), you please ………. (remind) him about tomorrow’s meeting.

27 The headmaster decided that Peter was the culprit and expelled him from the school. A more intelligent man ………. (realise) that Peter couldn’t have been guilty. (If the headmaster ………. (be) more intelligent, he ……….)

28 But I blame the real culprit even more. If he ………. (admit) his guilt, Peter ………. (not be) expelled.

29 The only thing I haven’t got is a balcony. If I ………. (have) a balcony, I ………. (grow) plants in pots. Then my flat ………. (be) perfect!

30 ”Jack rang while you were out.” “Oh dear! If I ………. (know) he was going to ring, I ………. (stay) at home.”

31 My unmarried friends are always telling me how to bring up my children. I sometimes think that if they ………. (have) children, they ………. (make) just as many mistakes as I do.

32 (At a cinema) Ann: Don’t worry. They get married in the end.

33 Mary:Then you’ve seen it before! If you ………. (tell) me that, we ………. (go) to something else!

34 Be careful about the time. If you ……… (spend) too long on the first question, you ………. (not have) enough time to do the others properly.

35 We had a lot of trouble putting the tent up. If it ………. (not be) so windy, perhaps it ………. (not be) quite so difficult.

36 Ann (sitting beside her open fire): I love open fires; if I ………. (have) nothing but a radiator to sit beside, I ………. (get) quite depressed.

37 Lucy, a student at a residential college: Couldn’t I leave the hostel and get a flat, mother?

38 Mother: No, you couldn’t. I know very well what ………. (happen) if you ………. (have) a flat. You ……… (play) the guitar all night and ………. (miss) your classes in the morning; then you ………. (fail) your exams and ………. (have) to repeat the year. And you ………. (not feed) yourself properly and ………. (get) run down. And then you ………. (catch) some infection and ………. (die) of it, and we ………. (have) to leave this district as the neighbours ………. (keep) saying that we had caused your death by letting you have your own way!

 

 

Additional Exercises

 

Exercise 1

Open the brackets

 

1 It’s just struck midnight. It’s high time we ………. (leave)!

2 If only we ………. (have) a phone! I’m tired of queuing outside the public phone box.

3 You ………. (have) better take off your wet shoes.

4 He walks as if he ………. (have) a wooden leg.

5 He talks as if he ………. (do) all the work himself, but in fact Tom and I did most of it.

6 Father: I’ve supported you all through university. Now I think it’s time you ………. (begin) to support yourself.

7 I wish I ………. (know) what is wrong wih my car.

8 It looks like rain: you ………. (have) better take a coat.

9 I wish I ………. (ask) the fishmonger to clean these fish. (I’m sorry I didn’t ask him.)

10 It’s time we ……… (do) something to stop road accidents.

11 The cheese looks as if rats ………. (nibble) it.

12 It’s high time they ………. (mend) this road.

13 He always talks as though he ………. (address) a public meeting.

14 He treats us as if we ………. (be) all idiots.

15 Wife: I’d liketo get a job.

Husband:I’d much rather you ………. (stay) at home and ………. (look) after the house.

16 If you ………. (tie) the boat up, it wouldn’t have drifted away.

17 I wish you ………. (not give) him my phone number. (I’m sorry you gave it to him.)

18 If only he ………. (know) then that the disease was curable!

19 Suppose you ………. (not know) where your next meal was coming from?

20 You talk as though it ………. (be) a small thing to leave your country for ever.

21 I hate driving. I’d much rather you ………. (drive).

22 If only I ………. (be) insured! (But I wasn’t insured.)

23 If you ………. (not take) those photograph, we wouldn’t have been arrested.

24 I wish transistor radios never ………. (be) invented.

25 If only I ………. (keep) my mouth shut! (I said something which made matters much worse.)

26 ”I’ll pay you by cheque monthly.” “I’d rather you ………. (pay) me cash weekly.”

27 ”When someone says something to me, I translate it into French, and then I think of a reply in French, and then translate it into English and say it.” “It’s high time you ………. (stop) doing all this translation and ………. (start) thinking in English.

28 ”I said “Sunday”. “I wish you ………. (not say) Sunday. We’ll never be ready by then.”

29 ”But I told you what to do.” “I know you did.If only I ………. (take) your advice!”

30 A flower pot fell off the balcony on the head of a man who was standing below. It was most unfortunate that he happened to be standing just there. If he ………. (stand) a foot to the right or left, he’d have been unharmed.

31 That man has brought us nothing but trouble. I wish I never ……… (set) eyes on him.

32 ”Can I take your best umbrella?” “I’d rather you ………. (take) the other one.”

33 If you ………. (have) a peep hole in your door, you would have seen who was standing outside and kept the door shut.

34 I wish I ……….. (not try) to repair it. I only made it worse.

35 If I ……… (not have) rubber gloves on, I would have been electrocuted.

36 He looks as though he never ………. (get) a square meal, but in fact his wife feeds him very well.

Exercise 2

Open the brackets

 

1 ”If only we ………. (have) a car! Life ………. (be) much more pleasant. Today, for instance, I ………. (like) to have driven into the country to se and hear the spring. Don’t you think it’s time you ……….. (buy) a car and I ……….. (learn) to drive it?” “It ………. (be) nice to have a car if it ………. (not be) so expensive. The trouble is that I ………. (have) to give up a lot of things I now ……… (enjoy).”

2 Denis is only a junior employee in this firm, but he behaves as if he ……… (run) it. It’s time someone ………. (put) him in his proper place. I ………. (do) it myself, but the trouble is that he ………. (not pay) any attention to what I ……….. (say).

3 If we stayed here until we ………. (finish) all this work, we ……… (be) here until midnight. Suppose we then ……… (discover) that we ……… (be) all alone in this huge building. ………. (you not be) frightened? I ………. (leave) before it ………. (get) dark.

4 If only you ……….. (stop) worrying about what is going to happen! It’s almost as if you ………. (think) you ………. (can) change things by worrying. But you ………. (cannot). Suppose I ………. (worry) like that when my husband ………. (be) so ill last year. It ………. (not do) any good, ………. it?

5 Would you please pay a little more attention when I ………. (speak)? You behave as if everything I say ………. (be) rubbish, which I can assure you it ……….. (not be). I would rather you ……….. (leave) the lecture room altogether than ………. (have) you sitting there yawning your head off.

6 It’s about time Denis ……….. (learn) some table manners. I would never get up from the table before others ………. (finish), would you? And would you stick your finger in the soup to see if it ………. (be) warm enough? And supposing we all ………. (help) ourselves to everything we ………. (want) without offering it to others first. What ………. (happen)? The table ……….. (become) a feeding trough.

7 It looks as if we ………. (have) a long, difficult committee meeting tomorrow. I am sorry your boss ………. (come). It ………. (be) easier if he ………. (not do). Then we ………. (finish) by six o’clock, but as it is we ………. (be) there until nine. I ………. (give) a prize to anyone who managed to stop your boss talking so much!

8 I wish you ………. (not laugh) about the accident. Suppose you ………. (hit) the other car.You ………. (not sit) here now. Even if you ………. (not be) killed, you ………. (be) badly injured.

9 ” ……….. you rather I ………. (take) my holiday in June next year instead of later? If I ………. (do), you ………. (can) have their school holidays.” “I ………. (be) most grateful if you ………. (do). It ………. (be) very nice if the whole family ………. (can) spend its holidays together for once. It ………. (be) a long time since we ………. (do) so.”

10 Listen, children! I ………. (punish) whoever ………. (be) late for class tomorrow, whatever excuse they ………. (have). It’s not as if I ………. (not warn) you many times before about unpunctuality, and so if anyone ………. (be) late again, they ………. (know) what to expect.

11”Good heavens! Is anything wrong? You look as though you ………. (see) a ghost!” “If I ………. to tell you that I have, ………. (you believe) me?” “No. I ………. (not).I ………. (not believe) in ghosts. If anyone told me he ………. (see) a ghost, I ………. (tell) him he only ………. (think) he ………. (see) one and that he ………. better pull himself together.”

 

Exercise 3

Open the brackets

 

1 Norma isn’t happy with her life. If she ………. (listen) to her mother’s advice, she ………. (stay) at school and ………. (go) on to university. She ………. (can find) a good job if she ………. (get) a degree. Norma hates the job she is doing now. She thinks she ………. (go) crazy if she ………. (stay) there much longer. If she ………. (be) offered another job, she ………. (take) it immediately. In fact, she ………. (leave) if she ………. (can afford) to, but she can’t. Life ………. (be) easier if she ………. (not have) two children to support.

2 Bob was getting very bored of lying in his hospital bed, so he was quite happy to see his Uncle Hamish come into the room. “Hello Booby! shouted Hanish. “How are you?” “I ………. (be) better if I ………. (not lie) in this hospital,”grumbled Bob. “Oh, cheer up!” said Hamish. “You ………. (have) a negative attitude too if you ………. (be) stuck in this boring room with no TV for 24 hours a day!” “Well, you’ve no one to blame but yourself,” said Hamish.”If you ………. (not be) driving so fast, you ………. (not crash) into that tree.” “Oh no, Uncle Hamish. Don’t say that. If one more person ………. (say) that to me, I swear I ………. (punch) them,” said Bob. “Now, now Bobby! If I ………. (be) you, I ………. (be) more polite to my visitors. Ypu’re going to be in here for a few weeks,and if you ………. (be) rude to people, they ………. (not come) to see you,” warned Hamish. “I’m sorry,” Bob apologised. “I promise I ………. (be) polite as long as you ………. (not mention) my careless doing again.” “OK Bobby,” agred Hamish. “I’m sorry too. I ……….. (mention) it if I ………. (know) how upset it makes you.”

3 ”If you don’t work harder at school, you never ………. (get) a good job.” I remember my parents saying these words to me when I was at school. If I ………. (listen) to them then, I ………. (not become) what I am now. I ………. (be) so much more if I ……….. (try) harder.I haven’t always been a tramp actually; when I left school, I had a job as a milkman and if the hours ………. (be) easier, I ………. (do) it for much longer, but I hated getting up so early in the morning. When I lost my job, I ………. (cannot pay) the rent, so my landlord said that if I ………. (not get) another job, I would be on the streets; and before I knew it I was. I ………. (can get) another job if I ………. (want) to, but at first I quite enjoyed the freedom of the outdoor life.If you sleep out in summer, it ………. (not be) too bad, but in winter it’s awful. If I ………. (can change) anything about my life now, I ………. (get) in touch with my family again, even though I know they would only say, “If you ………. (work) harder at school, you ………. (not get) yourself in this situation.”

 

Exercise 4

Exercise 5

Exercise 6

Exercise 7

Exercise 8

SPEECH EXERCISES

 

What would you do or say in the following situations?

1 You have been to a party with a friend, who is supposed to be driving

you home. It is late at night and time to go home, but you think your friend has had too much to drink, even though he/she insists he/she can drive all right.

2 You are in a hotel lobby, You see someone approaching the door with heavy bags, so you open the door. The person gives you $5, obviously mistaking you for the hotel doorman.

3 You are looking for a house to buy. You find a beautiful one which is really quite cheap. Then you learn that it is supposed to be haunted.

4 Your neighbour, Henry, is having a row with his wife. Henry asks you a favour. “If my wife asks where I was last night, say I was with you, OK?”

5 You are having a dinner party at your house. A husband and wife that you have invited suddenly begin to have a violent argument.

6 You have booked a holiday with your family on a remote, exotic island. Just before you’re about to go, you hear on the news that there have been some outbreaks of violence between rival political factions on the island.

7 You are at a party. You meet a man/woman who you fall instantly in love with. At the end of the party, the man/woman proposes that you get married immediately.

8You have invited several people to your house for a meal. One of them, you know, is a strict vegetarian. You prepare some soup, then realise you used a chicken stock cube in its preparation. It is too late to do anything about it.

9 You are in the street. You see a mother beating her four-year-old child.

10You have been invited to a very posh dinner party. You are eating your meal when you discover a dead beetle in it.

11You have arranged to meey a friend to go out for the evening. You wait at the pre-arranged spot. He/she finally turns up three quarters of an hour late.

12You are in an exotic restaurant. Not knowing what to order, you ask for the same as what someone at the next table is having. It looks delicious.When yours arrives, you ask the waiter what it is. “Fried worms” comes the answer.

13 You are on a bus. Someone is listening to music on a personal stereo system, and without knowing it, singing out very loud.

14 At a formal social gathering, a friend introduces you to some guests. In the introduction, he/she exaggerates the facts and says many things about you which aren’t true, but it sounds very impressive.

15 You have just had a meal in an expensive restaurant. The bill comes, and you realise you have no money and no credit cards on you.

16 You get on a train, anxious to find a seat as you feel weary. There is only one seat free, next to a drunk who is singing and shouting abuse at the other passengers.

17 You have been playing roulette at a casino, and have won over $1,000. If you bet it all and won, you might not have to do another day’s work in your whole life.

18 You are going round a supermarket, when you see an old man, who is obviously not well-off, stealing a tin of peas.

19 You have had a serious row with your boyfriend/ girlfriend/ husband/ wife. It is his/her birthday today.

20 You are having a short taxi ride. The driver insists on telling you his political views, which are of an extreme nature and totally the opposite to your own.

Exercise 6

Choose the sentence which is nearest in meaning to the original. All types of conditional are included

 

1 Fran would do better at French if she worked harder.

a Fran will never succeed at French.

b Fran is a very good at French.

c Fran usually works well at French.

d More effort would improve Fran's French.

 

2 If the plane hadn't been delayed by bad weather, we wouldn't have been late.

a Although the plane was late, we were on time.

b The weather made us be late.

c The bad weather did not interfere with the plane's arrival.

d We were not late although the weather was bad.

 

3 If you ask someone the way, you'll find the British Museum easily.

a Most people can tell you where the British Museum is.

b It is very difficult to find the British Museum, even if you ask how to get there.

c Did you find the British Museum when you wanted to go there?

d Did you ask someone the way to the British Museum?

 

4 You needn't have tea if you prefer coffee.

a I'm only going to make tea.

b I can only make tea.

c I don't mind making either tea or coffee.

d I'm going to have coffee, but I'll make tea for you if you want it.

 

5 The doctor said that if Mrs. Smith were to diet, she would feel better.

a Mrs. Smith does not need to be careful what she eats.

b Mrs. Smith has always been careful what she eats.

c Mrs. Smith should eat more.

d Mrs. Smith should eat less.

 

6 Mary would have passed the exam even if I hadn't helped her.

a Mary passed the exam without help.

b Mary failed because no one helped her.

c Without my help, Mary would not have passed.

d Mary didn't really need any help at all.

 

7 I won't go to the theatre unless you come with me.

a I prefer to go to the theatre by myself.

b I don't want to go to the theatre without you.

c I want to go to the theatre by myself.

d I don't want to go to the theatre.

 

8 If I were Jim, I wouldn’t go out with Debbie.

a Jim likes going out with Debbie.

b I would like to go out with Debbie.

c Although Jim likes Debbie, I don’t.

d I like Debbie although Jim doesn’t.

 

9 Bill would have enjoyed himself if he’d been at Tina’s party.

a Tina is having a party tonight and Bill is going.

b Tina had a party last night and Bill really enjoyed himself.

c Tina had a party last night, but Bill didn’t go.

d Tina had a party tonight, but Bill isn’t going.

 

10 If George hadn’t gambled so much, he wouldn’t be so poor now.

a George doesn't have much money because he gambled a lot.

b George gambles a lot, but he always wins.

c George doesn't have much money, but it's nothing to do with gambling.

d George makes a lot of money by gambling.

 

 

Extra Focus

Had she been warned in advance [If she had been warned in advance], she wouldn't have been surprised by the news.

As a way of emphasizing the if clause, had can be placed at the beginning of the sentence, and the word if omitted?

This form is usually used in more formal English.

 

Exercise 8