In the paragraph above, find one example of each of the following:

a. Common noun

b. Proper noun

c. Concrete noun

d. Abstract noun

e. Collective noun

f. Noun used as an adjective

g. Count noun

h. Non-count noun

i. Possessive noun

j. Singular noun

k. Plural noun

3.5. Identifying Verb Tenses: name the verb tenses in the following sentences.

1. Today, Carl kicks the ball across the field.

2. Today, Carl is kicking the ball across the field.

3. Tomorrow, Carl will kick the ball across the field.

4. Carl has been kicking the ball that way for years.

5. Today, Carl has kicked the ball across the field six times.

6. Tomorrow, Carl will have kicked the ball across the field.

7. Yesterday, Carl had kicked the ball across the field.

8. You will be leaving Bathurst tomorrow, won’t you?

9. My aunt was giving lectures in Asiatic culture this summer.

10. He had been learning Chinese at school.

3.6. Identifying Verb Tenses:

1. Which one of the following sentences is written in the future perfect tense?

A. When they arrive, we will serve dinner.

B. At 8:00 pm we will have served dinner.

C. By the time they arrived, we had already served dinner.

D. We're afraid we have served dinner too early.

2. Which one of the following sentences is written in the present progressive tense?

A. I am completing my income tax return early this year.

B. I will have completed my income tax return before the deadline.

C. I had completed my income tax return before April 30.

D. I have completed my income tax return.

3. Which one of the following sentences is written in the past perfect tense?

A. I recently received a letter from my friend in Ottawa.

B. I think I will soon receive a letter from my friend in Ottawa.

C. Do you think I will have received a letter from my friend by next week?

D. I had received a letter from my friend in Ottawa.

4. Which one of the following sentences is written in the simple past tense?

A. They have lived here for two months.

B. They will have been living here for two months by the end of the week.

C. They lived in Halifax before moving here.

D. They have lived in Halifax and Charlottetown.

5. Which one of the following sentences is written in the simple future tense?

A. He is finished painting my house.

B. He will finish painting my house soon.

C. He will be finished painting my house by tonight.

D. He has finished painting my house.

6. Which one of the following sentences is written in the present perfect tense?

A. She has designed a logo for the company.

B. She will design a logo for the company.

C. She is designing a logo for the company.

D. She designed a logo for the company.

7. Write a sentence in the future perfect tense using the verb to wash.

8. Write a sentence in the present perfect tense using the verb to talk.

9. Write a sentence in the past progressive tense using the verb to sign.

10. Write a sentence in the future progressive tense using the verb to need.

11. Use the past perfect progressive tense in a sentence.

12. Use the present perfect progressive tense in a sentence.

3.7. Irregular Verbs:

1. Write a sentence in each of the 12 tenses using the verb to cut. Indicate the tense used after each sentence.

2. Write a sentence in each of the 12 tenses using the verb to do. Indicate the tense used after each sentence. Be sure to have your instructor correct your work.

3. Write a sentence in the future perfect tense using the verb to know.

 

3.8. Action Verbs:

1. Write ten sentences that use verbs that express a physical action that can be observed.

2. Think of some other verbs that express a mental action. Use each one in a sentence. Ask your instructor to review your work. Remember even if the verb is expressing a mental action, it is classed as an action verb.

3.9. Linking Verbs: write at least 10 sentences that use linking verbs. Check with your instructor to make sure you have used only linking verbs in your sentences.

3.10. Action Verbs and Linking Verbs: copy these sentences into your notebook. Then underline the verbs. For each verb that you identify, indicate whether it is an action or a linking verb:

1. The dog jumped over the fence.

2. The baseball hit the boy in the face.

3. His car smashed into a bridge.

4. We watched a movie last night.

5. The students were happy about their marks.

6. My sister’s name is Paula.

7. Mr. Smyth was my uncle.

8. They will be angry about your forgetfulness.

9. We were afraid of the storm.

10. We feared the storm.

11. The little mouse squeaked loudly.

12. There were fourteen people in that class last year.

13. My old roommate from college drove to Fredericton last night.

14. The policeman believed their every word about the robbery.

15. The puppy carefully tasted his new food.

IV. SPEAKING

4.1. Give a short summary of the text “Four Generations of Computer”

Four Generations of Computer

The first vacuum tubes computers are referred to as first generation computers, and the approximate period of their use was from 1950 to 1959. UNIVAC 1 (UNF Israel Automatic Computer) is an example of these computers, which could perform thousands of calculations per second. Those devices were not only bulky, they were also unreliable. The thousands of vacuum tubes emitted large amounts of heat and burned out frequently. The transistor, a smaller and more reliable successor to the vacuum tube, was invented in 1948.

So-called second generation computers, which used large numbers of transistors were able to reduce computational time from milliseconds to microseconds, or millionths of seconds. Second-generation computers were smaller, faster and more reliable than first-generation computers. Advances in electronics technology continued, and microelectronics made it possible to reduce the size of transistors and integrate large numbers of circuit elements into very small chips of silicon.

The computers that were designed to use integrated circuit technology were called third generation computers, and the approximate time span of these machines was from 1960 to 1979. They could perform many data processing operations in nanoseconds, which are billionths of seconds.

Fourth generation computers have now arrived, and the integrated circuits that are being developed have been greatly reduced in size. This is due to microminiaturization, which means that the circuits are much smaller than before; as many as 100 tiny circuits are placed now on a single chip. A chip is a square or rectangular piece of silicon, usually from 1/10 to 1/4 inch, upon which several layers of an integrated circuit are etched orimprinted, after which the circuit is encapsulated in plastic or metal.

TEST

1. Choose the appropriate words from the words given below:

1. British scientists invented a ______ way of multiplying and dividing.	a) mechanical b) electrical c) optical
2. A new branch of mathematics _______ was invented in England and Germany independently.	a) mechanics b) mathematics c) calculus
3. A young American clerk invented the means of coding ______ by punched cards.	a) letters b) data c) numbers
4. Soon punched cards were replaced by ______ terminals.	a) printer b) scanner c) keyboard
5. Mark I was the first ______ computer that could solve mathematical problems.	a) analog b) digital c) mechanical
6. J. von Neumann simplified his computer by storing information in a _____ code.	a) analytical b) numerical c) binary
7. Vacuum tubes could control and ______ electric signals.	a) calculate b) amplify c) generate
8. The first generation computers were ______ and often burned out.	a) uncomfortable b) unreliable c) uncommunicative
9. Computers of the second generation used _____, which reduced computational time greatly.	a) transistors b) vacuum tubes c) integrated circuits
10. Due to _____ the development of the fourth generation computers became possible.	a) microelectronics b) miniaturizations c) microminiaturization

2. Translate the given sentences:

1. That was the machine provided with the necessary facts about the problem to be solved.

 

2. The computers designed to use 1C were called third generation computers.

 

3. Mark I was the first machine to figure out mathematical problems.

 

4. Early computers using vacuum tubes perform computations in milliseconds.

 

5. Vacuum tubes to control and amplify electric signals were invented by Neumann.

 

6. Neumann’s machine called the EDVAC was designed to store both data and instructions.

 

7. Computers were developed to perform calculations for military and scientific purpose.

 

8. An American clerk invented means of coding the data by punching holes into cards.