Task 1 1 . Render the text into English and comment on any new information contained in the text.

В современном строительстве зданий и сооружений часто используются натуральные камни. Раньше практически все крепости, замки, муниципальные постройки и другие здания были построены из камня или облицованы камнем. Ярким представителем натуральных камней, используемых в современном строительстве и облицовке зданий, является Песчаник. Песчаник относится к категории прочных и твердых камней. Хотя по прочности Песчаник уступает мрамору и граниту, он использовался в строительстве многих известных зданий и чудес света. Например, из Песчаника построены такие здания как Нотр Дамм де Пари, Белый Дом, Эмпайр Стэйт Билдинг и т.д. Песчаник является настолько красивым камнем, что имеет многообразную цветовую гамму, которая начинается с белого, перетекает в желтый, красный коричневый и даже синий или зеленый. Как и 500 лет назад, Песчаник до сих пор имеет большую популярность в строительной среде. Сегодня из песчаника не строят целые здания, а делают облицовочную плитку. Такая плитка имеет различную цветовую гамму и очень красивый внешний вид. При этом Песчаник может быть использован не только для облицовки зданий, но и заборов. Иногда из песчаника выкладывают дорожки.

Task 1 2. Readthe script from a BBC programme and learn to say good-bye. Use “good-bye” expressions to make up your own dialogues.

 

How to … …say goodbye

This programme is about ways of saying goodbye…there are plenty of expressions in English you can use, other than just goodbye, of course and we’ll look at some of the situations where they might be appropriate. Let’s take a trip to the pub, imagine Alex is with friends. It’s getting late and Alex decides he wants to go home.

Example:

Ø Right then, I suppose it’s time I made a move!

It’s time I made a move is a way of saying it’s time for me to go. He starts the sentence with right then, which is a way of getting attention and often signals that the speaker is about to do something or make a suggestion… Right then, it’s time to go! Right then! Let’s go shopping! There are several other expressions you could use which also serve as a way of getting attention, which you could use before you want to announce that you’re leaving.

Examples:

Ø Well, I suppose it’s time I made a move! Ø OK, I suppose it’s time we made a move! Ø All right guys, I suppose it’s time to make a move! Ø Anyway, I suppose it’s time I made a move!

Instead of saying I suppose it’s time I made a move, you could make a more definite statement telling everyone you’re going – I’m going to make a move.

Examples:

Ø Right, I’m going to make a move! See you later!

 

See you later is an expression we hear very often when friends or colleagues say goodbye to each other, generally when they’re going to see each other quite soon. You could of course be more specific about when you’ll see them.

 

Examples:

Ø See you all tomorrow, everybody! Ø See you tonight! Ø Alright, well, I’ll see you on Monday. Ø See you at the party!

 

I’m off is another, quite informal, way of saying you’re going.

Examples:

Ø Right, lovely to see you all – I’m off now, bye! Ø OK, I’m off! See you tomorrow! Ø Right, that’s me off, guys!

 

That’s me off is a variation on I’m off. Another thing you might do when saying goodbye is showing pleasure at having seen the person. You could use phrases like it’s been lovely to see you or good to see you again.

Examples:

Ø It’s been lovely seeing you. Ø Right, lovely to see you all. I’m off now, bye! Ø Good to see you again! Ø Nice to see you!

If it’s someone you haven’t seen for a while, you could say it’s been nice to catch up.

Examples:

Ø Well, I’m going to have to go but it’s been great to catch up. Ø Nice to catch up with you again and I’ll see you soon!

 

And it’s always nice to wish people a pleasant time.

Examples:

Ø Nice to see you, have a good night! Ø Bye James, have a good day! Ø All right, well, have a good weekend!

If you’ve been someone’s guest, it is of course normal to thank them.

 

Examples:

Ø Andrew, thanks, it’s been a lovely evening. Thank you very much but we must be off, we have to catch a train… um, thanks again for a lovely evening! Ø Thanks it’s been a lovely evening, but I ought to think about heading home soon. Ø Thanks again for all that lovely food and you must come over to ours some time!

 

It can be considered quite rude if you had food or drink at someone’s house and then just said good bye without thanking them for it. So the kinds of phrases we heard in those examples are always useful to know – it’s been a lovely evening; thank you for the lovely food; thank you for a lovely time, it was really nice. Another set of expressions that you might find useful is language for leaving in a hurry… you’re having coffee with a friend and suddenly realize you’ve got to go, or you’ll miss your train.

Examples

Ø I’m sorry, I’m gonna have to dash! I’ve just realized I’m gonna miss my train if I don’t go now, but I’ll see you later – bye bye! Ø Yikes! Is that the time! I’ve gotta go! Ø I’m really sorry, but I’m gonna have to dash off to catch my train. Ø Sorry to have to leave so soon, but otherwise I’m gonna miss my train – must dash! Ø Cheerio!

I must dash or I’m going to have to dash are an informal way of saying you’re going to have to leave quickly. Cheerio is very light-hearted and English word to say goodbye.