Фонетические стилистические особенности

Проанализируем фонетические особенности афроамериканского варианта английского языка, представленные в текстах песен американских рэп-исполнителей:

Используя аллитерацию, исполнитель определяет ритм "речитатива", тем самым создается определенный мелодический и эмоциональный эффект.

1. C li ck c la ck in, p istol- p a ck in, C rip raggin folio.

2. I p ull a pump, and bump you off into a dump

You hear a thump, because I had to stump a rump.

3. I change pl aces, to prevent catchin' the c as es aces, in the f aces, hall at you l aces.

.   The hard h itter, I come to cross a cr itter spl itter.

Мы полагаем, повторяющиеся звуки[t], [s], [k] создают эффект негативного эмоционального напряжения, исполнитель будто "выплевывает" слова из себя.

Ассонанса:

1. Trendy w ea r and your nappy h ai rgive a gl are too r are you just st areare for your pr ayer, remember the t ear.

2. She tell me that she n ee ds me, cries when she l ea ves me

And every time she s ee s me, she squ ee ze me, lady take it ea sy!to sound sl ea zy, but t ea se me, I don't want it if it's that ea sy.

. I shot dr ea d in the h ea d, took the br ea d and the landspr ea d.

4. Lil' G o tt i got the sh o tt y to your b o d y.

.   A b a d h a nd from a m a d m a n, in a m a d cl a n.

.   Leader of the new sch oo l, unc oo l

Never played the f oo l, just made the r u les.

Долгий звук [ i:] во втором примере, создает эффект протяжности речи, этакой вальяжности молодого человека, может быть, небольшого раздражения, потому что девушка чересчур навязчива. Напротив, короткий звук [ e ] в третьем примере, создает эффект быстроты, точности. Фонетическое содержание соответствует лексическому: звуки вылетают как выстрелы, о которых и говорится.

Если говорить о схеме рифмовки в текстах песен стиля рэп, то единой схемы не наблюдается. Многообразие видов рифм, на наш взгляд, объясняется тем, что рэп-исполнение - это свободная форма выражения мыслей, где нет рамок и правил, в которые нужно вписываться. Единственное правило - попадать в ритм и такт.

Внутренние рифмы:

1. And what you say when I display acts as (? bombin y a?),suffer from insomnia.

.   Hawkin while I'm walkin, and talkin behind my back.

3. Headed to the saloon with my platoon where all the hos be.

.   Well as the mode explode (Run..)?? when I'm layin one

Listen what I'm sayin (Run..) no playin are you obeyin Run.

5. Respect to the Mac's and the Ac's

To the freaks in the Jeeps, lick shots to my peeps.

Концевые рифмы:

1. Work me like a slave while they laid back

Homie don't play that's time I lett'em suffer tha payback

I'm tryin to avoid physical contact

I can't hold back, it's time to attack jack.

2. C74-Mark 8 set me straight

Not able to move behind the great steel gate

Time to contemplate, damn, where did I fail?the money I stacked was all the money for bail.

3. Girls call my telephone just to hang up

While me and you is in the crib, laying up he ain't tell you that we live together that we gonna have a kid together.

4. Bass is placed on the case (Run..) and it'll soon crash

Sound beatdown AUGGGHHHH! Another boom bash

See me and first thing they'll be like cursin I'm rehearsin it

You're weak and you're wack and you'll be the second and I'm first in it.

Смешанная рифма:

1. Fix your face, we back on the paper chase left, so I ain't gotta take your place.

.   I see you walkin' and i'm damn near stalkin' a chicken head and i'm chicken hawkin', now we talkin'.

.   Nigga that's his lawyer, ain't got nothin' for ya

Treat ya like they emloy ya, i'm a warrior you in the ass like a Georgetown Hoya.

.   I flash with the bling I surpass the supreme don't really wanna have a clash with my team.

.   There's no question the suggestion was made foundation was laid when the Furious played

Grandmaster Flash slayed the competition that was wishin.

Смежная рифма:

1. Now i'm trapped and want to find a getaway

All I need is a 'G' and somewhere safe to stay

I'm came to offer champagne

Later on maybe I'll tell you my real name

But for now sip your drink and be merry

And be a nice girl and sing me a cherry

Me, I'll have a Kahlua and milk

Cause champagne always stains my silk.

2. I spits the vocabulary to sinks MCs like ships

With my nocturnal rhymes and editorial clips

I gotta click that'll hit you like a thousand volts homies catchin cases,robberies and assaults.

3. I be at the edge of the bar, sippin' a Don

I keep the bottle just in case, you never know when it's on worries bump, I can't go wrong, my team's too strong want war? I take you to war, now that my money long.

4.  Let you know I care -- that someone's there for your struggle

Depend on me, when you have needs or there's trouble

I wanna give you happiness and maybe even more

I told you before, no time to waste we can hook up at the store

Перекрестная рифма:

1. You ain't pimpin' me

I ain't pimpin' you

I just wanna be free what we gonna do.

2. Niggas see the ring, baguettes to death

She looking for a man, honey he just left

Violate me, he get beat to death squeeze every shell they got left.

3. Ja you's a window shopper

Mad at me, I think I know why you's a window shopper the jewelery store, looking at shit you can't buy.

Мужская рифма:

1. The Dogg in me feels for the l u st

But the hogg in me makes me wanna b u st.

2. Keep frontin, I'ma put a crease in your j aw

Might catch me squeezin the f our nigga I go to w ar if a nigga want the raw you still gotta come in the st ore.

3. To Run, D and Jay is love and my thugs sal ute

Cause real love is the only thing that comes above this loot jeans that makes me think of LL's troops

Let's celebrate it's Queens day this one's for you.

4. Maybe we can see a better way, find a brighter day

Late night phone conversations -- would that be OK?don't wanna take up all your time, be the next in line me your size, let me find you things with you in mind.

Женская рифма:

1. This is grue some

Niggaz always grab that mic and salt like they really gon' do some''s wrong with you son?you got a new gun, do you know how to use one?

2. Incredible young nigga, you can't belive i'm just one ni gga

God damn i've gotten bi ggersup e rior,in a room and make the whole interior, inf e rior.

3. I'm kind of schizophrenic, I'm in this shit to win it

Cause life's a Wheel of Fortune here's my chance to spin itno time for cops, who trip and try to catch mefuckin trigger happy, to let them suckers snatch me.

4. A lot of ghost-towns and memories, bad-blooded e nemies

So many die with the same gangster pride that e ntered meare the old-timers, they who tau ght usto stand strong and pass it on to the sons and dau ghters.

Отсутствие рифмы:

1. Josey Wales was known for robbin trains and things

Layin everybody down for diamond rings and chainsremains the same in the year you live in, seeif I pull out some heat, nigga, you'll go kick inthat's just the rules set by the fool from the ol' schoolit's time to duel, you get two menheaters, one street, one clock.

2. Then he say excuse thy heat

But I control no hate init coming not from mewho coming from SatinSatin did this excuse me lordnow my shit list and.

3. They claim that I'm a criminal

By now I wonder howpeople never knowenemy could be their friend, guardian'm not a hooligan.

Обратим внимание, что рифма - это сильное выразительное средство, с помощью которого делается акцент на ритмическом рисунке стиха, а, как известно, ритм в песнях стиля рэп играет ключевую роль, создавая определенный темп и динамику. В процессе исследования мы пришли к следующим выводам касательно рифм:

А. Смежная рифма преобладает, перекрестная рифма встречается значительно реже. На наш взгляд, это связано с тем, что смежная рифма самая простая и отличается быстрым темпом и высокой динамикой, которые характерны для музыки стиля рэп.

Б. Преобладание женской рифмы, что тоже связано с созданием определенного ритма.

В. Крайне редки случаи, когда невозможно проследить рифмы.

Графические средства - графоны:

А. Зубные фрикативы [θ] и [ ð] произносятся по-разному в зависимости от их позиции в слове.

В начальной позиции звонкие фрикативы звучат как [d]: the, this, them = de, dis, dem:

1. I didn't say dem.

2. Dez niggas robbing me.

.   But why you let dem niggas kill me.

4. Dis bad man you get shot, anyways.

.   Ever had one of dem days you wish woulda stayed home.

6. First thing I'm sayin is "Nigga what da deally".

7. Da king back now hoes don't even know how to act now.

Перед носовыми согласными звуками они обычно замещаются на [t], что отражается и в написании слова: nothing = nuttin; with = wit

1. Nuttin to lose..

And when he tells you you ain't nutti n don't believe him.wasn't nuttin stoppin him.

It wasn't nuttin like the game.ain't nuttin change.

2. All a sudden niggas got a problem wit me.

Sometimes I wish I just died wit you.Hustle c'mon and kick it wit' me for a minute.'s party, everybody bounce wit me.are now rockin wit a pro.

Б. Слияние слов, в результате чего происходит сильная ассимиляция звуков:

Контактные графоны:

1. Gonna = going to

It's gonna take the man in me to conquer this insanity.

"He's gonna be a Bad Boy".

There's gonna be alot of slow singin.

2. Wanna = want to

Tell me what you wanna do...don't wanna play around.niggas wanna stick you like fly paper neighbor.they wanna stick the knife.

.   Coulda = could have coulda forgave him, you didn't have to take him.

Who'da thought I'd never see Philant no more = who would have

4. Gotta = got to

When a nigga gotta strive for his he can't stop. gotta plot em on a mash for my chips.don't really gotta talk son.

We gotta be born this way..

Now Drew she gotta slay her.

5. Gimme = give me The Loot.

Gimme Barbie at her best.

.   Lemme = let me

Lemme show you where we kick it at.

7. Lotta = lot of; outta = out of

I hear a lotta talkin niggaz must be mad at BANKS.

I'm no magician, but I could make, somethin' outta nothin'.ain't Mike Jones, keep my name out'cha mouth bitch.

8. Whatcha = what do you

Whatcha think all the gun s isfor?Eddy's gold caps, whatcha know about that.

" What choo wanna do after this?"

9. Getcha = get you

Grab they guns and come and getcha.

10. What’s up? =

Whattup? it's the big boss Dogg.'t up for grabs yup whattup then it's up yours!

Whassup? Wuz up?

11. YaknowhatI'msayin? = You know what I’m saying?'msayin? = know what I’m saying?? = know I mean?

.   Them = ‘emnow I'm missin em.

Еold 'em go that route.I ain't tryin to gas ya up, I just call em how I see em.

Интериорные графоны:

1. ‘cause = because

Cause they never talk peace.

Cause I think we can make it, in fact, I'm sure.this be cuz of hip hop music.

Cuz I hit you, you sue me.

.   ‘bout =aboutyou have is a portion bout the size of the hats.'m bout to act up, go load the Mac up, now watch me klacka.

'Bout your unlucky backround.

See I don't care bout them other broads.

Мы предполагаем, что слияние слов происходит из-за необходимости поддерживать высокий темп "чтения" текста песен, попадать в ритм. Возможно, это связано с таким явлением как рэп батл - соревнования между двумя рэпперами в форме чтения рэпа, словесный поединок, где противники по сцене должны импровизировать.

Каждому участнику дается короткий отрезок времени, за который он должен "прочитать" как можно больше [26]. Отсюда и различного рода сокращения.

В. Звук [ t ] на конце может не произноситься:

 

Living on tha streets is a delusion. tha bullet that he bought. tha job in silence.had me feelin like black was tha thing to be.suddenly tha ghetto didn't seem so tough.

 

Г. Окончания слов на - er, частица to, местоимение you произносятся как [ a ]:

1. And I can cop anotha one afta each assist.

Nigga picture that, ah matta fact picture T.I.P.

Betta than us, betta than this. sista you don't need him. brothas make babies, and leave a young mother to be a pappy.

.   Use ta have ta push up, now I hardly got ta press.gold rush, baby, got ta have it (I gots ta have it).

.   When the Tek connects to ya, swift as a cheetah when I'm catchin ya.

Cause if he touch ya, I got some drama for that busta.

Ya'll should hate the game, not the playas.

Treat ya like they emloy ya, i'm a warrior.

Д. Носовой звук [ n ], в словах, заканчивающихся на - ing обычно произносится как [ n ]:

Pagin me at 5:46 in the mornin crack a dawnin. I could make, somethin' outta nothin'. punk thought I was bluffin, but swear I'm nothin nice.

Cryin, pourin out my heart, pourin out liquor behind it.

 

Известно, что графоны являются очень хорошим способом характеристики индивида, как представителя определенной социальной среды, посредством выделения в его речи фонетических, индивидуальных произносительных особенностей. Графоны добавляют речи правдоподобности, передают атмосферу живого общения, с помощью них мы получаем точное представление о том, как говорят носители эбоникса.

Итак, фонетические особенности эбоникса значительно отличаются от литературного английского, поэтому именно произношение очень часто становится главной причиной непонимания речи афроамериканцев, главной характерной чертой которой является "упрощение" произношения.