Lecture № 1 The role and features of modern socio-cultural education

Copy from the typical curriculum:

General characteristics of education. Education as a community phenomenon. Three different meanings of "education". Education as a value. Educational process and education as a result. Education as a system. Education system - as cultural communication. Contemporary educational paradigm: outcomes and personal orientation. Education is a strategic Priority in the 21st Century. Factors influencing changes in education. Global education and the global educational space. The main directions of development of the world educational system. Continuous transition to open education is one of the leading global trends in contemporary education. The main trends in the development of modern secondary education.

Key concepts: education, education paradigm, global education, world educational space, trends in education development.

Education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan

A notion of the education system. Legislative basis of the education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Educational policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Modernization of the education system in the conditions of accession to the world educational space and the development of the Kazakhstan society.

General education is the basis of development of intellectual potential and functional literacy of the basic part of the education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan and students. Types of institutions of secondary education. 12-year secondary education model. State program on implementation of the 12-year education model of the Republic of Kazakhstan for 2011-2020. The role of the teacher in solving the problems of forming an individual and modern secondary education. The current school is dynamically developing. Small schools in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The development of the inclusive education system in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Topical issues in the education system of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Basic trends: education system, education system structure, general secondary education, inclusive education, intellectual capacity of a person, functional literacy.

 

Plan

1. General characteristics of education.

2. Education as a value, a process, an outcome and a system.

3. Contemporary educational paradigm: the outcome and individual orientation.

Purpose:to explain to the future teachers the ultimate goal of education, to disclose its philosophical essence, social and humanitarian character, and multiperspectivity.

At the turn of the century, the concept of education has changed globally because it has become the driving force of the prosperity of developed nations. That is why so far, the concept of  "education"  as a pedagogical category is widely regarded as an important social phenomenon.

Education is a process of pedagogical organized socialization in the interests of the individual and the society (B. M. Bim-Budd, A.V. Petrovsky).

Education is a system for creating conditions for the development of a person specially organized in society (V.S. Bezrukova).

Education is a system of achievement in the learning process of knowledge, skills, attitudes and thinking. (I.P Podlasiy).

Education is a process of self-development and self-development of an individual, engaged in education, business, creative activity, related to the acquisition of socially important human experience (Big Encyclopedic Dictionary).

Еducation is not just about pedagogical science. Social and human sciences study philosophy, sociology, psychology, economics, cultural science and others. That is why the scope of this concept is expanding.

Learning the precious heritage of our ancestors, preserving the multi-year culture and bringing it up from generation to generation is closely linked to the concept of education.

 

In the pedagogical literature, the term "education" was formed in the 18th-19th centuries (D.Lokk, I.G. Pestalotszi), nowadays one of the leading categories of pedagogy.

The modern educational process has a continuous nature. Of course, education should be continuous, as the knowledge gained due to the rapid development of information technology is rapidly eroding, so human beings need to constantly upgrade their knowledge. The content of the concept of education has also changed and expanded widely. There are several definitions in pedagogy.

 

The abundance of definitions of these and other educational concepts is a clear indication of its broad meaning, diversity and importance.

The main purpose of contemporary education is to develop not only knowledge, skills, but also the ability of the individual to develop himself / herself and society in order to participate in social value activities. From this point of view, it is not enough to have knowledge, knowledge and skills in education. On the contrary, it is important that the individual develops emotionally, mentally, morally, spiritually, voluntarily, and physically through the body of knowledge, skills, and skills. In education, human beings possess cultural values, scientific knowledge. As a result, it can make a significant contribution to the development of economy, politics, science, culture and art.

Modern model, inherent to each stage of development of the education sphere, has its own theoretical and methodological peculiarities. This set of development trends adopted by the general pedagogical community is called paradigm in the scientific language. The paradigm concept was the first American historian T. Kun who studied different stages of development of scientific disciplines. He believes that the following stages of development of science are observed:

- a period before the establishment of paradigm;

- formation and adjustment of paradigm;

- a crisis of science quality, paradigm shift.

The philosophy of education searches for answers to many questions. What is the role of an individual in today's society? What is the essence of the social role of education in addressing the most important issues of humanity? What is the current trend of education and its development? What should be in the future? Is the current state of education satisfactory?

And philosophy is one of the earliest known sciences. From the philosophy to the Greek language ("filo" - "love", "sophia" - "cleverness") is considered as science about the basic laws of the development of human society and thinking nature. The laws of philosophical science are used in studying, learning and interpreting many phenomena. In this regard, there are philosophical views on many issues in the field of education.

V.V.Kraevskii, B.S. Wolfson, V.V.Kumarin, Gershunsky, and others have studied the philosophy of education in detail.

According to these studies, philosophy of education is considered in three ways:

1) Philosophy of education is considered as applied philosophy. From this point of view, the use of common philosophical principles is sufficient to justify the development of the educational system.

2) The content of the philosophy of education is matched with theoretical-methodological issues of pedagogical science.

3) The philosophy of education is a branch of independent scientific knowledge, the basis of which is not only the general philosophical doctrine of education, but also the laws of personal development that cover all aspects of education.

Political, social and cultural changes in the development of modern society have a direct impact on the education sector and have increased its importance. Complexity and multidimensionality of the concept of education necessitates its comprehensive consideration. The famous theoretician of philosophy of education B.S. Gershun emphasizes the concept of education in four aspects:

- education as value;

- as an educational system;

- as an educational process;

- education as a result

The value of education is considered in three ways.

1) Education is a statehood;

2) Education is a public value;

3) Education is a personal value.

Education as a system. Traditionally, education is a system of education (state and non-state) that is characterized by levels, professional orientation.

But such diversity of educational institutions cannot serve as a basis for its recognition as a system yet. Because the system is not a set of objects, but a set of interconnected elements of their elements. What characteristics do education describe as a system? First of all, it must have general, invariant qualities that characterize the system and its components, regardless of their levels, profiles. Such qualities include flexibility, stability, predictability, integrity, continuity, variability, dynamic qualities. The education system should be flexible and dynamically adapted to socio-economic change and it is important that it keeps its own psychological and pedagogical basis. The abovementioned qualities also indicate the complexity of the education system.

The Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Education", in cooperation with the educational system, interacts with:

1) a set of state obligatory standards and curriculums that ensure the continuity of education levels;

2) a set of educational organizations, implementing educational programs independently of types, types, forms of ownership;

3) a set of educational institutions and educational institutions that carry out monitoring of the quality of education, as well as educational institutions and their respective infrastructure.

Educational institutions are assessed on the following levels:

- pre-school education and training,

- secondary education,

- post-secondary vocational education.

- higher professional education.

- levels of post-graduate vocational education.

Education - as a process and act. The essence of education is the process of moving from goal to result. The word process itself is translated from Latin (processus - motion, shift) - gradual change of phenomena and phenomena in the development of something; which means a set of actions to achieve any result.

Education is a process of communication between a teacher and student, student. During this process a student or student becomes a subject of pedagogical interaction with all the active participation in the learning process, education and development. In the course of education, the interaction between the teacher and the pupil not only interacts with students, but also students. The mentioned pedagogical process is carried out in a special (individual, group, collective) way through many educational means (educational, methodical texts, visual aids, computers, audio and video equipment, distance learning apparatus, etc.).

The educational process depends on the purposeful and expected results. From this point of view, the educational process can also be described as a technologized process, because the pedagogical technologies identify specific stages, stages of achieving small and common goals that are interconnected.

The educational process is a channel for information transfer from a teacher, a teacher to a child, a student. Therefore, nowadays information technology is widely used in education.

If we look at the quality of education, it is merely a value, not just a system, but a process. Education can be viewed as a result. In the educational process, each person achieves one level of knowledge, which is the result of his knowledge of a certain amount of knowledge. In the initial education, people acquire literacy.

A well-educated person is a person ready to further develop and enrich his educational potential. A well-educated person provides many initial opportunities in the field of education. The main pedagogical character of literacy is that all people have access to it. But in today's world, it is not enough to be a competent person.

Although literacy and literacy are similar, both are not meaningful. These two qualities are distinguished by the knowledge, skills, scope, depth, depth, creativity. We often hear that people who have basic education, who are educated in certain educational institutions and who have a level of knowledge, have a secondary education, a person with a higher education. Knowledge is literacy that is up to the maximum required for society and the individual. The concept of education is the breadth of worldview on various issues of society and human life. It is characterized by the person's achievements in the field of education.

Basic Trends in Modern Education (by A.А. Verbidsky):

The first tendency is to perceive each stage of education as an integral part of the national education system (school and higher education institution, future industrial activity of universities and students);

The second trend is "industrialization of education", ie computerization and technology of training, which will actually enhance the intellectual activity of modern society.

The third tendency is the transition to active forms of teaching and learning, including the problematic elements from priority forms, scientific research, widespread use of students' self-help funds.

The fourth tendency is the strict organization of the educational process and the algorithm of the process, which develops, activates, accelerates, plays, etc. psychological and didactic conditions of transition to methods.

 The fifth and sixth tendencies are related to the organization of interaction between the student and the teacher, and stresses the need to organize teaching as a joint activity of students, where the emphasis is on the transition from the teacher to the student's cognitive activity.

 

Control questions

1. What is the essence of modern education?

2. Concept about philosophy of education

3. What is the educational paradigm?

4. What can be attributed to the subject and the subject of philosophy of education?

5. How can you prove that education is value?

6. Justify the fact that the education is а system.

7. Why is education considered as a process?

8. How do you understand the effectiveness of education?

 

References:

1. Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Education". Astana. - 2007.

2. Gorshunsky B.S. Philosophy of education of XXI century. - M. 1998.

3. Pedagogy: English and Russian Explanatory Terminology Dictionary and generic. Managed Prof. Sherkirbaeva, prof. Kussainov A.K. - Almaty; 2007. - 248 p.

4. Bordvovskaya N.V., Rean A.A. Pedagogics: tutorials. -Spb., 2007.-304 p.