VI. Read the following text and discuss it with your group-mates.

Americans are reputed to be friendly people. It is not uncommon for Americans to be informal and casual, even with perfect strangers. When in the United States, do not be surprised if somebody you do not know says “Hi!” to you for no reason, and people will quickly volunteer information about their professions, family, and other personal details. However, there is a difference between friendliness and friendships. As in any culture, it takes time for friendships and close relationships to form. Americans’ friendships tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from some other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have few close friendships during their lifetime and to consider other friends to be merely social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to classify friendships, having “friends at work,” “friends on the basketball team,” and “family friends,” for example.

VII. Get ready to speak on one of the following items.

· Social customs in the USA

· American food and eating habits

· Family traditions

 

Grammar Exercises

I. Insert the Infinitive, Participle I or II, or Gerund. Translate into Ukrainian.

1. After (getting, to get, got) first interaction with some people in the USA, you may feel more friendly to some of them.

2. (To speak, speaking, spoken) about typical American food we have a phrase “as American as an apple pie”, so that’s the first thing that comes to mind.

3. (Eating, to eat, eaten) out is popular in the USA.

4. Some of the Halloween customs (bringing, to bring, brought) by the colonists have remained as they were, but others have been changed (to fit, fitting, fitted) new ways of living.

5. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was a black clergyman who is ranked among the greatest of black Americans because of his campaign (wining, to win, won) full civil rights for his people.

6. According to the federal government, the holiday (observed, observing, to observe) on the third Monday in February is officially Washington’s Birthday.

7. The general practice of (to go, going, gone) door-to-door on Halloween for treats is clearly similar to a much older practice in which the poor would go from house to house (to beg, begging, begged) for alms or food.

8. American holidays (stemming, to stem, stemmed) from old traditions are Christmas Day, on the 25^th of December, and New Year’s Day, on the 1^st of January.

 

II. Translate into English using the non-finite forms of the verbs.

1. Я не могла не посміхнутися, дивлячись як діти розгортають Різдвяні подарунки.

2. Чи варто читати цю статтю про американські звичаї перед тим, як починати готуватися до наступного заняття з англійської мови?

3. Читаючи текст “American Traditions and Customs”, я виписував нові слова.

4. Мені подобається розповідь, яку зараз обговорюють, про життя і побут американців.

5. Викладач уважно прочитав твори, написані студентами першого курсу, на тему “Американські традиції та звичаї”.

6. Анна любить розповідати смішні історії про традиції пов’язані зі святкуванням Хеллоуіну.

7. Я не мала нагоди поговорити з Миколою після його повернення з Америки.

8. Студенти приїхали до США для того, щоб познайомитися зі звичаями та традиціями святкування Дня подяки.

 

 

 

Lesson 1

Canada

 

Text: Canada

Grammar: Active and Passive Voice (Review)

Active Vocabulary

 

northward municipality aboriginal census ethnic origin federal court sole sovereign to reside Governor General per capita income net exporter supplier service industry mining greenbelt cosmopolitan software semiconductors life sciences wireless heritage coach tour

['nLTwqd] [mjV"nIsI'pxlItI] ["xbq'rIGInql] ['sensqs] ['eTnIk 'PrIGIn] ['fedqrql 'kLt] [sqVl] ['sPvrIn] [rI'zaId] ['gAvnq 'Genqrql] [pq'kxpItq 'InkAm] ['net Ik'spLtq]   [sq'plaIq] ['sE:vIs 'IndAstrI] ['maInIN] ['grJnbelt] ["kPzmq'pPlItqn] ['sPftweq] ["semIkqn'dAktqz] ['laIf"saIqnsIz] ['waIqlIs] ['herItIG] ['kqVC"tVq]

на північ, у північному напрямку місто, що має самоуправління місцевий, аборигенний, туземний перепис населення національне походження федеральний суд єдиний, один суверен, монарх проживати генерал-губернатор дохід на душу населення країна, що в кінцевому рахунку є експортером якогось товару постачальник сфера послуг вугільнодобувна промисловість зелена зона (навколо міста) багатонаціональний програмне забезпечення напівпровідники медико-біологічні науки бездротовий спадок, культурна спадщина автобусна екскурсія

 

Read the text and answer the questions.

Canada

Canada is a country occupying most of northern North America, extending from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west and northward into the Arctic Ocean. It is the world’s second largest country by total area. Canada’s common border with the United States to the south and northwest is the longest in the world.

Canada’s capital city is Ottawa. It is the fourth-largest municipality in the country with a population of 1,130,761. The three largest cities in Canada are Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Toronto, the largest city in Canada, has a population of 5,113,149.

Canadian culture has historically been influenced by British, French, and aboriginal cultures and traditions. There are distinctive Aboriginal cultures, languages, art, and music spread across Canada.

Canada’s total population in July 2010 was estimated to be 33,759,742 people. Population growth is from immigration and, to a lesser extent, natural growth. About four-fifths of Canada’s population lives within 150 kilometres of the United States border. According to the 2006 census, the largest reported ethnic origin is English (21%), followed by French (15.8%), Scottish (15.2%), Irish (13.9%), German (10.2%), Italian (5%), Chinese (3.9%), and Ukrainian (3.6%).

Canada’s two official languages are English and French. English and French have equal status in federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal institutions. English is the mother tongue of 59.7% of the Canadian population, while French is the mother tongue of 23.2%. More than 85% of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec. Over six million people in Canada list a non-official language as their mother tongue. Some of the most common non-official first languages include Chinese, Spanish, Italian and German. 148,085 people in Canada claimed Ukrainian as their sole mother tongue.

Canada is governed as a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, which is the foundation of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The sovereign is Queen Elizabeth II, who also serves as head of state of 15 other Commonwealth countries and resides predominantly in the UK. The Queen’s representative, the Governor General of Canada carries out most of the royal duties in Canada.

Canada is one of the world’s wealthiest nations, with a high per capita income. Canada is one of the few developed nations that are net exporters of energy. Also, it is one of the world’s largest suppliers of agricultural products. The Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry. In the past century, the growth of the manufacturing, mining, and service sectors has transformed the nation from a largely rural economy to a more industrial and urban one.

1. Where is Canada situated?

2. Toronto is the capital of Canada, isn’t it?

3. What are the largest cities of Canada?

4. What has Canadian culture been influenced by?

5. What is the population of Canada?

6. Is population growth from immigration or from natural growth?

7. How many official languages are there in Canada?

8. What non-official languages are the most common in Canada?

9. What do you know about the political system of Canada?

10. Is Canada a highly-developed country?

11. What is the Canadian economy dominated by?