II. Define the forms of the participles in bold type.

1. While correcting the students’ test-papers on Participle, the teacher underlined the mistakes with a red pencil.

2. Being corrected by the teacher regularly, the exercises are very useful to the students.

3. Having corrected the test-papers on Participle I, the teacher returned them to the students.

4. Having been corrected by the teacher yesterday, the students’ test-papers will be returned to them today.

5. This student’s report on James Watt corrected by the teacher, is worth reading.

 

Participle I Present Participle Indefinite вживається для позначення дії: · одночасної з дією, вираженою дієсловом-присудком; Reading English books I write (wrote, shall write) out new words. · що стосується теперішнього, незалежно від часу дії, вираженої присудком; The students studying at our university came from Glasgow. · безвідносно до якогось часу; The bisector is a straight line dividing an angle into two equal parts. · що передує дії, вираженій присудком, якщо обидві дії відбуваються безпосередньо одна за одною. Entering the class-room, the student addressed the teacher. Perfect Participle виражає дію, що передує дії, вираженій присудком. Having improved Newcomen’s model, James Watt invented a steam engine.

III. Transform the sentences according to the model.

Model: The boys who live in this house are the students of the medical university. –

The boys living in this house are the students of the medical university.

After we had passed the examination we went to the hospital to see our friend. –

Having passed the examination we went to the hospital to see our friend.

1. Many students who learn English are the members of our English club.

2. The woman who teaches physics at our university studied in London.

3. The tourists that live in this camp came from Great Britain.

4. The student who is making the report on James Watt’s copying machine is our group-mate.

5. When we arrived in London, we went sightseeing.

6. When James Watt moved to his uncle’s place, he entered Glasgow University.

7. When the foreigners saw the cathedral, they asked their guide to take them there.

8. When the students discussed Watt’s research work, they expressed their thought in good literary language.

9. When Paul studied at the university, he published several scientific articles.

10. While I was waiting for you, I read the article on outstanding people of Great Britain.

11. After he graduated from the medical university, he came to work to this laboratory.

12. After they received the telegram, they packed and left for Liverpool.

13. As I hurt my knee I couldn’t attend classes.

14. As my sister invited her friend for summer, she couldn’t go with us to Leeds.

 

IV. Replace one of the homogeneous predicates by Participle I.

Model: I read the article and made notes. – I read the article making notes.

1. The teacher looked at me and smiled.

2. The student spoke and trembled.

3. Helen turned over the pages of the textbook in physics and looked at the pictures.

4. The professor spoke about Watt’s steam engine and showed its photo.

5. The teacher explained a new rule and wrote examples on the blackboard.

 

Lesson 5

British Customs and Traditions

 

Text: British Customs and Traditions

Grammar: Participle II

Active Vocabulary

 

custom to keep up championship folk ribbon Boat Race Easter horse amateur rider jockey Celtic Guy Fawkes Night to blow up to hang sack straw bonfire fireworks porridge marmalade prose stew chop liver macaroni snack cocoa

['kAstqm] [kJp] ['CxmpIqnSIp] [fqVk] ['rIbqn] ['bqVtreIs] ['Jstq] [hLs] ['xmqtq] ['raIdq] ['GPkI] ['keltIk] ["gaI'fLks"naIt] [blqV] [hxN] [sxk] [strL] ['bPn"faIq] ['faIqwE:ks] ['pPrIG] ['mRmqleId] [prqVz] [stjH] [CPp] ['lIvq] ["mxkq'rqVnI] [snxk] ['kqVkqV]

звичай; звичка підтримувати; продовжувати чемпіонат, першість народний стрічка змагання з веслування Великдень; Пасха кінь любитель, аматор вершник, наїзник жокей кельтський Ніч Гая Фокса висаджувати в повітря вішати; страчувати мішок, лантух солома багаття, вогнище феєрверк вівсяна каша, вівсянка варення, мармелад, повидло проза, прозаїчність тушковане м’ясо відбивна котлета печінка макарони легка закуска какао

 

Read the text and answer the questions.

British Customs and Traditions

In Great Britain people attach greater importance to traditions and customs than in other European countries. Englishmen are proud of their traditions and carefully keep them up. The best examples are their queen, money system, etc.

There are many customs and some of them are very old. There is, for example, the Marble Championship, where the British Champion is crowned; he wins a silver cup known among folk dancers as Morris Dancing. Morris Dancing is an event where people, worn in beautiful clothes with ribbons and bells, dance with handkerchiefs or big sticks in their hands, while traditional music sounds.

Another example is the Boat Race, which takes place on the river Thames, often on Easter Sunday. A boat with a team from Oxford University and one with a team from Cambridge University hold a race.

British people think that the Grand National horse race is the most exciting horse race in the world. It takes place near Liverpool every year. Amateur riders as well as professional jockeys can participate.

Halloween is a day on which many children dress up in unusual costumes. In fact, this holiday has a Celtic origin. The day was originally called All Halloween’s Eve, because it happens on the 31^st of October, the eve of all Saint’s Day. The Celts celebrated the coming of New Year on that day.

Another tradition is the holiday called Guy Fawkes Night. On the 5^th of November, 1605, a man called Guy Fawkes planned to blow up the Houses of Parliament. But he was unable to realize his plan and was caught and later, hanged. On the 5^th of November one can see children with figures, made of sacks and straw and dressed in old clothes. They put their figures on the bonfire, burn them, and light their fireworks.

In the end of the year, there is the most famous New Year celebration. In London, many people go to Trafalgar Square on New Year’s Eve. There is singing and dancing at 12 o’clock on the 31^st of December.

The British talk about the weather a lot. For example, “Isn’t it a beautiful morning?” or, “Very cold today, isn’t it?” They talk about the weather because it changes so often. Wind, rain, sun cloud, snow – they can all happen in a British winter or a British summer.

There are some traditions concerning food. The Englishman likes a good breakfast. To him a good breakfast means porridge with fish, bacon and eggs, toast and marmalade, tea or coffee. It is the same day to day.

Tea is part of the prose of British life, as necessary as potatoes and bread. Seven cups of it wake you up in the morning; 9 cups will put you to sleep at night. The midday meal is called lunch. This meal consists on week-days of stew, fried fish, chops, liver or sausages, vegetables. Rice and macaroni are seldom served. From 4 to 6 there is a very light meal called 5 o’clock tea. It is a snack of bread and butter and cups of tea with small cakes. Dinner (usually at 6 p.m.) is much like lunch and is in many families the last meal of the day. Supper is a snack of bread and cheese and cocoa.

 

1. Do people in Great Britain attach greater importance to customs and tradition than in other European countries?

2. What kind of event is the Marble Championship?

3. What do you know about Morris Dancing?

4. When does the Boat Race take place?

5. Where does the Grand National horse race take place? Who can take part in it?

6. What is Halloween? When is it celebrated?

7. Who was Guy Fawkes and what did he plan to do?

8. Where do most Londoners celebrate New Year’s Eve?

9. What is the reason for British people to talk so much about the weather?

10. What does the usual breakfast of an Englishman consist of?

11. Tea is part of the prose of British life, isn’t it?

 

Vocabulary and Speech Exercises