Ex. 1. Match items from the two lists to make 20 compound adjectives. You need to use some words more than once.

1) broad a) minded

2) narrow b) built

3) well c) dressed

4) one d) eyed

5) blond e) haired

6) red f) looking

7) good g) handed

8) bad h) tempered

9) left i) hearted

10) absent j) behaved

11) light k) known

12) open l) lipped

13) thin m) fingered

14) long n) legged

15) kind

Ex. 2. Fill in each space with an appropriate compound adjective formed from the words in the previous exercise.

1. Although my grandmother is eighty, she is not at all …. She even thinks our modern habits are better than in her youth.

2. Change those awful clothes you are wearing. You must be … for your interview.

3. You may think this criminal is ugly but I find him quite ….

4. When this investigator doesn’t like something he starts shouting; he’s very ….

5. He never remembers anything – he’s very ….

6. The suspect is not blond at all. In fact, I would say he’s almost ….

7. I was forced to write with my right hand even though I was ….

8. He’s such a … judge in his town that almost everybody recognizes him in the street.

 

COMPLEX SENTENCES

Сложные предложения

 

Предложения бывают простыми и сложными. Предложение называется сложным, если в его состав входит более одной пары главных членов предложения (подлежащее + сказуемое). Связь между предложениями, входящими в состав сложного, осуществляется при помощи союзов, союзных слов или бессоюзно.

 

Запомните следующие союзы и союзные слова:

and -и, а where- где, куда

but -но, а how- как

or -или if- если

as well as-так же как; unless- если...не

также as- так как; как

that- что, чтобы, который because-потому, что; так как

who- который, кто since-так как

whose- чей, который in order to- для того чтобы

which- который than- чем

what- что though- хотя

when-когда why- почему

after-после того как till\ until - до тех пор пока/не

before- до того как while- в то время как

since- с тех пор как

 

Ex. 3. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the marked conjunctions and connective words.

1. Statistics show that one person taking drugs can “infect” or “initiate” ten to 15 other people. 2. Interrogating a suspect is a delicate psychological task that should be performed by someone who is well qualified. 3. The purpose of criminal proceedings is to punish the offender and to ensure that he doesn’t repeat his offence. 4. Anyone who is present at the scene of a crime must be regarded as a potential witness. 5. A London policeman is admitted to the Metropolitan Police if he is five feet eight inches (дюйм) in height(foot= 30.5 cm; inch= 2.5 cm). 6. Men learn while they teach/Seneca/. 7. If a suspect agrees to undergo a polygraph examination, a trained, highly qualified polygraph operator must be used. 8. Since crimes are offences against the state, the state takes the initiative in prosecuting criminals. 10. After the witnesses have been examined the judge read the charge to the accused. 11. A witness is any person who has information that may be useful to the police. 12. The reactions of the terrorists can be unpredictable as they are emotionally aroused. 13. We, who decide a case without hearing the other side, though he decides justly, cannot be considered just /Seneca/. 14. We have two ears and only one tongue in order that we may hear more and speak less /Diogens/. 15. I have made this letter longer than usual because I have no time to make it short /Pascal/.

Ex. 4. Incert the appropriate conjunctions if, until, when, as soon as.

 

1. Be sure to see Ann … you are in Moscow. 2. I’ll be away … Lucy arrives. 3. Ring me up … anything happens. 4. … learn the result let me know about it. 5. Wait … it stops raining. 6. You should stay with the sick woman … the doctor comes. 7. I’ll make a long travel next year … I have money enough then. 8. Don’t give up this idea even … you fail at the beginning.

 

I. TEXTS

 

Warming Up

Ex 5. Before you read the text, answer a few questions about Europol.

1. What is Europol?

2. Does it investigate crime?

3. What is the main mission of Europol?

Text 1

Europol

Vocabulary for reading the text:

1. boundary - граница

2. threat - угроза

3. affect – влиять

4. intelligence – разведка

5. contribute ( contribution) – содействовать, способствовать (содействие, вклад)

6. emphasis – акцент

7. target – цель

8. entitle – давать право

9. comprise – включать

10. overcome – преодолевать

11. request – просьба

12. mother tongue – родной язык

13. data – данные

14. fulfil – выполнять

 

Ex. 6. Read the following words, determine their suffixes and say what part of speech they belong to.

criminal, illegally, enforcement, effectiveness, cooperation, action, investigation, officer, fulfilment

 

Ex. 7. Study the following synonyms.

boundary = border

enormous = large

affect = influence

aim = goal = purpose = target

combat = fight

mission = task

carry out = perform = fulfil

receive = get

 

Ex. 8. Learn the connectives given to understand the text.

because of – из-за, вследствие

as – как, в качестве

not only … but … - не только …, но и …

 

Ex. 9. Read Text 1, learn about structure and missions of Europol.

 

Europol

Nowdays, there are no boundaries for organized criminal groups. Because of modern technology and enormous resources, these groups are illegally active worldwide. In fact, organized crime represents a threat to the structure and values of our democratic systems affecting European citizens’ security and freedom.

Europol is the European Union law enforcement organization that handles criminal intelligence. Its aim is to improve the effectiveness and cooperation between the competent authorities of the Member States in preventing and combating serious international organized crime and terrorism. The mission of Europol is to make a significant contribution to the European Union’s law enforcement action against crime with an emphasis on targeting criminal organizations.

Europol (the name is a contraction of European Police Office) is the European Union’s criminal intelligence agency. The agency started limited operations on January 3, 1994, as the Europol Drugs Unit (EDU). In 1998 the Europol Convention was retified by all the member states and came into force in October. Europol became fully operational on July 1, 1999.

It is a support service for the law enforcement agencies of the EU member states. Europol has no executive powers. This means that Europol officials are not entitled to conduct investigations in the member states or to arrest suspects. In providing support, Europol with its tools – information exchange, intelligence analysis, expertise and training – can contribute to the executive measures carried out by the relevant national authorities.

Europol is a multi-disciplinary agency, comprising not only regular police officers but staff members from the member states’ law enforcement agencies: customs, immigration services, border and financial police, etc. Europol helps to overcome the language barriers in international police cooperation. Any law enforcement officer from a member state can address a request to their Europol National Unit (ENU) in her\his mother tongue and receive the answer back in this language.

Three different levels of cooperation are possible: the first one is technical cooperation. The next step is strategic cooperation aimed at exchanging general trends in organized crime and how to fight it. The top level of cooperation includes the exchange of personal data and requires the fulfilment of Europol’s standards in the field of data protection and data security.

 

Ex. 10. Complite the sentences.

 

1. Organized crime 2. Europol 3. The aim of Europol 4. Europol officials 5. Any law enforcement officer of a member state

A - is to improve the effectiveness and cooperation of member states in preventing and combating international organized crime. B – handles criminal intelligence. C – can address a request to their ENU in his/her mother tongue. D – represents a threat to European citizens’ security and freedom. E – are not entitled to conduct investigations in the member states or to arrest suspects.

 

Ex. 11. Answer the questions.

1.What is the danger of organized crime?

2 What is Europol?

3. What is the aim of Europol?

4. What is the mission Europol?

5. When was this organization set up?

6. Europol has no executive power. What does it mean?

7. Does Europol help to overcome the language barriers in international police cooperation? How?

8. What are the levels of cooperation?

 

Text 2

Europol in Questions and Answers

 

Ex. 12. Recollect what the words and phrases mean.

law enforcement agencies, suspect, to approve, authority, to provide, measure, training, forgery, vehicle, to include, to carry out, to evaluate (value), crimes against the person, financial crime, regular police officers, fight organized crime, to strengthen, to report to the local police, to arrest criminals, to investigate on information provided by citizens, to apply, advantage

 

Ex. 13. Study the following synonyms.

are not entitled to arrest = cannot arrest

fast = quick

tools = means

sophisticated = complex

mandate = duties

various = differernt

to mention = to name

 

Ex. 14. Learn the connectives given to understand the text.

however – однако

in short – если быть кратким

in addition – в дополнение, к тому же

such as – такой как

whereas – в то время как

 

Ex. 15. Read text 2 to learn more about Europol.

 

Europol in Questions and Answers

 

Is Europol a European FBI?

 

No. Europol has no executive powers.The European Police Office is a support service for the law enforcement agencies of the EU Member States. This means that Europol officials are not entitled to arrest suspects or act without the approval of national authorities. However, the support provided by Europol consists of tools that can contribute to the executive measures carried out by the relavant national authorities. The tools are – fast information exchange, sophisticated information analysis, coordination, expertise and training.

 

What is Europol’s mandate?

In short, Europol supports the law enforcement activities of the Member States mainly against:

· illicit drug trafficking;

· illicit immigration network;

· terrorism;

· forgery of money (counterfeiting of the Euro) and other means of payment;

· trafficking in human beings including child pornography;

· illicit vehicle trafficking;

· money laundaring.

In addition, other main priorities for Europol include crimes against persons,financial crime and cyber crime. All of these apply where an organized criminal structure is involved and two or more Member States are affected (подвергать влиянию).

 

What is the added value of having Europol as a European law enforcement agency?

There are various advantages. To mention just two of them, Europol is a multy-disciplinary agency, comprising not only regular police officers but staff members from various law enforcement agencies of the Member States such as customs, immigration services, intelligence services, border and financial police.

Europol helps to overcome the language barriers in international law enforcement cooperation. Any law enforcement officer from a Member State can adress a request to their Europol National Unit (ENU) in his/her mother language.

 

What is the difference between Europol and Interpol?

There are various possibilities for international law enforcement cooperation. Interpol and Europol are two of them. Interpol is an excellent network of police agencies of countries worlwide, whereas Europol mainly supports the EU Member States. Both Interpol and Europol have their own role in the fight against organized crime and there is no competition between these organizations. In fact a cooperation agreement was signed between the two organizations to help strengthen international law enforcement cooperation.

If I know about the crime committed or a criminal action in preparation, should I contact Europol?

No, in case you know about a crime being planned or a crime that has been committed and needs to be resolved, we ask you to report to your local police. Europol has no authority to arrest criminals or investigate on information provided by citizens.

Postal address: Visiting address:

Europol Raamweg 47

P.O. Box 908 50 2596 HN

2509 LW The Hague The Hague

The Netherlands The Netherlands

Phone: + 31 70 302 5000

Fax: + 31 70 345 5896

 

Ex. 16. Answer the Questions.

1. The European Police Office is a support service for the law enforcement agencies of the EU Member States, isn’t it? What does it mean?

2. What tools does the support provided by Europol consist of?

3. What law enforcement activities of the Member States does Europol support?

4. Is there any competition between Interpol and Europol? What are their roles in the fight against organized crime?

5. Should you contact Europol if you know about a crime being planned or a crime that has been committed?

 

Ex. 17. True or False?

1. Europol officials can arrest suspects and act without the approval of national aythorities.

2. The main priorities for Europol include crimes against persons, financial crimes and cyber crimes.

3. Europol is multi-national agency, comprising regular police officers and staff members from the various law enforcement agencies of the member states.

4. There are no differences between Interpol and Europol.

5. If you know about a crime committed or a criminal action in preparation you should immediately contact Europol.

 

Ex. 18. Read the text and write its summary.

 

Europol

Formation	1998 (ratified) 1 July 1999 (commenced)
Location	The Hague, Netherlands
Director	Rob Wainwright (UK)
Website	europol.europa.eu

Europol (short for European Police Office) is the European Union's law enforcement agency that handles criminal intelligence. It became fully operational on 1 July 1999.

The establishment of Europol was agreed to in the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, officially known as the Treaty on European Union (TEU) that came into effect in November 1993. The agency started limited operations on 3 January 1994, as the Europol Drugs Unit (EDU). In 1998 the Europol Convention was ratified by all the member states and came into force in October. Europol commenced (начинать) its full activities on 1 July 1999.

Europol allocates (размещать) its resources (800 staff, of these, approximately 145 Europol Liaison Officers (ELOs)) from its headquarters in The Hague. The size of Europol belies the fact that they are in constant liaison (связь) with hundreds of different law enforcement organizations, each with their own individual or group seconded to assist Europol's activities.

As of 2013, Europol covers all 28 member states of the European Union. In order to fight international organized crime effectively, Europol cooperates with a number of third countries and organizations as follows (in alphabetical order): Albania, Australia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, CEPOL (European Police College), Colombia, Eurojust, European Central Bank, European Commission, European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction, Frontex, Iceland, Interpol, Republic of Macedonia, Moldova, Norway, OLAF (European Anti-Fraud Office), Russian Federation, Serbia, Switzerland, SitCen (EU Joint Situation Centre), Turkey, Ukraine, United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, the USA, and the World Customs Organization. The Europol External Strategy defines the framework within which Europol is to develop its activities with regard to third partners.

Europol was reformed as a full EU agency on 1 January 2010. This gave Europol increased powers to collect criminal information and European Parliament more control over Europol activities and budget.

NOTE:

belie, v – давать неверное представление о чем-либо

 

UNIT 4