Voicing of Consonants in Early New English

Change illustrated	Examples
ME NE	ME	NE
s z	resemblen [rə'semblən]	resemble
	foxes I'foksəs]	foxes
	was [was]	was
	is [is]	is
	his [his]	his
f v	pensif [pen'sif ]	pensive
	of [of]	of^1
θ ð	there |'θε:rə]	there
	they [θei]	they
	with [wiθ]	with
ks gz	anxietie [aŋksie'tiə]	anxiety
	luxurious [luksju:r'iu:s]	luxurious*
tj d3	knowleche ['knoulətS]	knowledge
	Greenwich ['gre:nwitS]	Greenwich ['gri:nid3]

 

 

Development of monophthongs: [y] and [y:], [a:] and [ã] in Middle English dialects. Development of diphthongs: contraction to monophthongs. Growth of new diphthongs with i- glides and u- glides in Middle English due to vocalisation of [j] and [γ], [w] and [x]. Middle English vowel system.

The Great Vowel Shift. Some interpretations of the Great Vowel Shift. Changes of short vowels [a] and [u]. Growth of long monophthongs and diphthongs in Early New English due to the vocalisation of consonants. Development of [r] and associated vowel changes. Quantitative vowel changes in Early New English.

Evolution of consonants in Middle English and Early New English. Growth of sibilants and affricates from Old English palatal plosives. Appearance of sibilants and affricates due to the phonetic assimilation of loan-words in Early New English. Treatment of fricatives in Middle English and Early New English. Phonologisation o [f] and [v] in Middle English. Voicing of [s], [f], [θ], [ks], [t∫] in Early New English. Voicing of consonants in many form-words. Loss of consonants.

Lecture 9

Evolution of the Grammatical System from 11^th to 18^th c.

Hours

Plan

1. The Noun.

2. The pronoun.

3. The adjective.

4. The verb: simplifying changes.

5. The verb: growth of new forms.

6. Syntax.

 

Literature

Rastorgueva T.A. A History of English. M.,1983; M.,2005. - p.220-294.

Ilyish B. History of the English language. Л. 1972. – p 174-227, 274-298.

Reznik R.V., Sorokina T.S., Reznik I.V. A History of the English Language. M., 2001. – p. 145-173.

Аракин В.Д. История английского языка. М., 1985. – c. 123-153, 208-220.

Бруннер К. История английского языка. М., 2003. – Т.2, 3-355.

Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П., Беляева Т.М. История английского языка. СПб., 1998. с. 108-111, 116-124, 128-130, 132, 133, 154-190, 205-211, 225-238, 252-291, 295-310.

Смирницкий А.И. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период). М., 1998. – 95-137, 182-207.

Morphology

The Noun. Decay of noun declensions in Middle English. Development of the grammatical categories of the noun: gender, case, number.

The pronoun. Personal and possessive pronouns. Replacement of hēo, hīe and þū. The reduction of pronoun paradigm. Demonstrative pronouns. Development of articles. Other classes of pronouns.

The adjective. Decay of declensions and grammatical categories. Degrees of comparison: the growth of analytical forms.

The verb. Simplifying changes in verb conjugation. Verbals: the Infinitive, the Participle, development of the Gerund. Strong verbs. Weak verbs. Minor groups of verbs.

Growth of new forms. The Future tense. New forms of the Subjunctive Mood. Interrogative and negative forms with do (do- periphrasis).

Development of new grammatical categories. Passive Voice and the category of Voice. Perfect forms and the category of Time-Correlation. Continuous forms and the category of Aspect. Development of verbal grammatical categories.

Syntax

 

The simple sentence. Stabilization and fixation of the word order. Growth of predicative constructions (Complex Object, Complex Subject, Absolute constructions, Gerundial complexes, for-phrase with the Infinitive).

Compound and complex sentences.

Causes of grammatical changes.

 

 

Lecture 10

Development of the English Vocabulary in Middle English

And Early New English

Hours

Plan

1.

Literature

Rastorgueva T.A. A History of English. M.,1983; M.,2005. - p.296-328

Ilyish B. History of the English language. Л. 1972. – p 228-251, 298.

Reznik R.V., Sorokina T.S., Reznik I.V. A History of the English Language. M., 2001. – p. 178-189.

Аракин В.Д. История английского языка. М., 1985. – c. 154-175, 221-245.

Бруннер К. История английского языка. М., 2003. – Т.1, с. 176-200, 259-261, 277-285с.

Иванова И.П., Чахоян Л.П., Беляева Т.М. История английского языка. СПб., 1998. с. 19-39.

Смирницкий А.И. Лекции по истории английского языка (средний и новый период). М., 1998. – 215-224.

Scandinavian influence. French influence. Borrowings from classical languages. Borrowings from contemporary languages in New English.

 

Total: 32 hours