Глаголы, употребляемые в страдательном залоге

is known известно

is said говорят

 

is believed

is considered считают, полагают

is thought

 

is reported (как) сообщают

is supposed* предполагают, предполагается

is expected* ожидают, ожидается

 

* можно переводить глаголом «должен» или глаголом будущего времени.

You are supposed to do this exercise at home.

- Вы должны выполнить это упражнение дома.

Не is expected to come by 2 o'clock.

- Он должен прийти к двум часам.

Сочетания с глаголом «to be»

is likely - вероятно, по всей вероятности, может быть

is not likely - маловероятно, вряд ли, едва ли

is unlikely - не может быть

is sure - конечно, несомненно, безусловно

 

• При переводе необходимо учитывать время глагола, стоящего перед инфинитивом, а также форму инфинитива.

He is considered to be... - Считают (считается), что он...

He was considered to be... - Считали (считалось), что он...

· Infinitive indefinite и Continuous переводится глаголом настоящего времени, a Infinitive Perfect и Perfect Continuous - прошедшего времени.

He is said to go to London. - Говорят, что он едет в Лондон.

He is said to have gone to London. - Говорят, что он уехал в Лондон.

 

They are thought to complete the work in time.

They are thought to have completed the work in time.

Примечание 1 Оборот Complex Subject аналогичен безличной пассивной конструкции типа «It is known that...».

Сравните:

It is said that they work much at this problem.

They are said to work much at this problem.

- Говорят, что они много работают над этой проблемой.

 

Примечание 2 Сравните употребление и перевод «вводящих» глаголов в конструкциях Complex Object и Complex Subject.

 

а) We expect them to come tomorrow. Active Voice – Complex Object

Мы ожидаем, что они придут завтра.

They are expected to come tomorrow. Passive Voice - Complex Subject

Ожидают, что они придут завтра.

 

b) I heard them speak about the replacement of old equipment

They were heard to speak about the replacement of old equipment.

 

c) We think them to complete the construction of the pipeline next month.

The construction of the pipeline is thought to be completed next month.

 

Упражнения

1. Переведите предложения, содержащие оборот Complex Subject.

А 1) The creation of complex modern machinery is considered to require a high technical level. 2) This discovery proved to be of special value for this branch of industry. 3) He proved to be a capable engineer. 4) She seems to be always in time. 5) He appears to have read a large number of books. 6) Statistics is considered to be a powerful instrument of state administration. Statistical agencies are known to provide management bodies with all the data they need. 7) In modern economy wages are believed to be the price of labour. 8) Production planning may be said to start with the production plans of the board of directors.

В 1) This approach seems to ignore the objective conditions. 2) For the foreigner this monetary system seems to be rather a complicated one. 3) The first reference to cotton is known to have been made 2500 years ago. The Nile valley is said to be its native land. 4) This is unlikely to happen over the next two months. 5) Commercial bank is not supposed to distribute state subsidies. 6) Stock exchanges are required to maintain a fair and orderly market in the securities assigned to them. 7) All the main slogans of the miners' strike are rumoured to have been okayed beforehand. 8) Patterns are supposed to point toward several possibilities.

С 1) The contract between the two countries was supposed to give a boost to Russian telecommunications in the regions. 2) The decree can be said to be a victory for the miners. 3) The joint-stock company seems to be satisfied with the preliminary document signed. 4) The decree in question (о котором идёт речь) was expected to be issued last autumn. 5) All developed countries seemed to take economic and social progress for granted. 6) The introduction of regulation instruments was supposed to be long time ago. 7) The biggest increase in consumer prices was reported in the Central economic district. 8) Manager is supposed to delegate authority and responsibility to others. 9) A crisis is expected to be followed by a depression.