Преобразуйте следующие предложения, используя оборот Complex Subject, не изменяя при этом их смысл.

1) Our machine tools are expected to serve longer. 2) This project is expected to be built ahead of schedule. 3) A theory is known to be tested by practice. 4) This machine is said to have been perfected by our workers. 5) This country is known to have substantially reduced its armed forces. 6) The State budget may be said to be the financial plan insuring the development of all branches of economy. 7) They seem to have analysed all the details of the matter. 8) The bulk of all budget revenues is known to come from taxation. 9) Large sums were reported to have been invested in agriculture. 10) The period of uncertainty about exchange rates seems to have some discouraging effect on trade. 11) It seems that all the necessary instruments are there. 12) Accounting is often said to be the language of finance.

Определите, в каких предложениях присутствует конструкция Complex Object, а в каких – Complex Subject. Предложения переведите.

1) We want our experience and know-how in different economic and social spheres to be of use to Russia. 2) This plan is known to be the sixth draft in which targets reflect the country's actual possibilities. 3) People all over the world know very well that steps must be taken to ensure that what happened in Hiroshima never happens again. 4) A crisis is expected to be followed by a depression, the depression by a revival, the revival by prosperity, and prosperity by a new crisis. 5) These incentives seem to be producing the desired result. 6) Academician N., one of the founders of chemical physics, wanted the small laboratory he himself organized to be one of the most important research centres in the country. 7) The director of our enterprise would like us to fulfill this work ahead of time. 8) One road is supposed to lead to freer trade for all countries. 9) The value of cheques exchanged by each bank is unlikely to balance.

10) Last week's talks were supposed to end the negotiating process that had lasted more than 18 months. 11) The majority of businessmen expected the two banks to come to an agreement. 12) Our manager wants your firm to carry on this transaction as soon as possible. 13) We know the Midland Bank to be one of the leading banks of Britain. 14) The secretary heard the telephone ring and immediately answered the call. 15) The details of that proposal appear to have been published in the latest issue of the journal. 16) The British people expect measures to be taken to improve balance of payments.

 

§11 Функции глаголов «should» и «would»

The Functions of «should» and «would»

«Should» и «would» употребляются как:

1 вспомогательные глаголы для образования будущего в прошедшем, то есть при передаче косвенной речи (обычно в предложениях типа: «Не said that...», «I thought that...» и т.п.)

He said that he would do this work in time.

Он сказал, что сделает эту работу вовремя. I thought that I should finish my work in time.

Я думала, что закончу работу вовремя.

2 вспомогательные глаголы для образования сослагательного наклонения в главной части условных предложений2-го и 3-го типов.

I should /would help you if I had time.

Я бы помог тебе, если бы у меня было время.

They would have done this work if they had had enough time.

Они сделали бы эту работу, если бы у них было достаточно времени.

Примечание В современном английском языке «should» практически не употребляется в этой функции.

Should

· модальный глагол, выражающий необходимость, пожелание, рекомендацию ­/совет выполнить действие в настоящем, прошедшем и будущем времени.

перевод: должен, следует / следовало бы, надо

You should go to the doctor.

Тебе следует обратиться к врачу.

You shouldn’t tell lies.

He надо обманывать.

· В сочетании с перфектной формой инфинитива «should» показывает, что рекомендация не была выполнена.

You should have stopped at the red lights.

Надо было остановиться на красный свет.

You shouldn't have told him that.

He надо было говорить ему это.

· Устойчивые выражения с «should»:

1) - What's his phone number? Какой у него номер телефона?

- How should I know? Откуда мне знать?

2) - Will you give me that book.

- Why should I? С какой стати?

 

You should have seen his face when he heard the news.

Видел бы ты его лицо, когда он услышал эту новость.

· Обратите внимание на тип предложений, в которых «should» на русский язык не переводится

It is necessary that he (should) go there at once.

- Необходимо, чтобы он пошел туда немедленно.

I suggest that the problem should be solved today.

- Я предлагаю решить эту проблему сегодня.

 

I got up early, so that I shouldn't be late for the train.

- Я встал рано, чтобы не опоздать на поезд.

Не had a good breakfast, so that he wouldn't feel hungry before 11 o'clock.

- Он хорошо позавтракал, чтобы не проголодаться до 11 часов.

 

Would

употребляется, чтобы выразить:

По)желание

I'd like a cup of tea. (Звучит более вежливо, чем «want»)

I would like to know what you are going to do next.

Я бы хотел знать, что ты собираешься делать дальше

В разговорном английском ту же мысль можно выразить фразой «I wish I knew»(what he is going to do next.)