Home and everyday life hygiene

Home hygiene is the hygiene practices that minimize the spreading of disease in home and in public transport, the work place, public places etc.

The main sources of infection in the home are people (who are carriers or are infected), foods (particularly raw foods) and water, and domestic animals. Respiratory viruses and fungal spores are also spread via the air. Good home hygiene means breaking the chain of infection i.e. to eliminate germs before they can spread further.

Respiratory hygiene

• Carry tissues and use them to catch coughs and sneezes
• Dispose of tissues as soon as possible
• Clean your hands by hand washing or using an alcohol hand sanitizer.

Food hygiene at home

The five key principles of food hygiene, according to WHO, are:

1. Prevent contaminating food with pathogens spreading from people, pets, and pests.

2. Separate raw and cooked foods to prevent contaminating the cooked foods.

3. Cook foods for the appropriate length of time and at the appropriate temperature to kill pathogens.

4. Store food at the proper temperature.

5. Use safe water and raw materials

Ex.12. Answer the questions:

1. What is medical hygiene related to?

2. How many medical hygiene practices do you know?

3. What are they?

4. When were these practices developed?

5. What is home hygiene?

6. What are the main sources of infection in the home?

7. How do respiratory viruses and fungal spores spread?

8. What is the aim of the home hygiene?

9. What do you need to know about the respiratory hygiene?

10. What are the five key principles of food hygiene, according to WHO?

11. Why do we separate raw and cooked foods?

12. What are the proper personal hygiene practices?

Lesson 35.

At the chemist’s

Ex.1. Read and memorize the words:

at the chemist’s — в аптеці

chemist — аптекар

drug — ліки, лікарський препарат

medicine — ліки, медикаменти

remedy — лікарський засіб

patent — патентований

ampoule — ампула

glucose — глюкоза

camphor — камфора

pill — пігулка

cough mixture — мікстура від кашлю

nasal drops — краплі в ніс

cod liver oil — риб’ячий жир

ointment — мазь

healing ointment — лікувальна мазь

sleeping draught — снодійне

laxative — проносний засіб

sedative — заспокійливе

adhesive plaster — липкий пластир (лейкопластир)

hot-water bottle — грілка

medicine dropper — піпетка

poisonous — отруйний

 

AT THE CHEMIST’S

 

When you are ill you consult a doctor. He prescribes you the treatment and writes out a prescription.

There are two departments in the chemist’s shop: chemist’s departments and the prescription department.

At the chemist’s all drugs are kept in drug cabinets. Every small bottle or box has a label with the name of the medicine and its indications stuck on it. There are drugs for internal, external uses and for injections.

As a rule the directions for the administration of a drug are written on the signature. It is necessary for chemists, nurses, doctors as well as patients themselves, so that they won’t confuse different remedies.

When you come for medicine you had ordered the chemist may give you some recommendations, and say you the dose to be taken.

At the chemist’s you can get patent medicines of all kinds: ampoules of drugs used for intravenous and intramuscular injections, tubes of healing ointments, different pills, tablets and powders, cough mixtures, heart drops, nasal drops, vitamins, cod liver oil, ointments, sleeping draughts, laxatives, sedatives, bandages, adhesive plasters, mustard plasters, bottles of iodine.

There one can buy hot water bottles, medicine droppers, ice-bags, sponges, tooth-brushes and tooth-pastes, soap and many other things which are quite necessary for medical care.

 

MEDICINES

penicillin — пеніцилін

orally — тут — прийом всередину

intramuscularly — внутримязово

topically — місцево

streptomycin — стрептоміцин

soluble — розчинний

solution — розчин

variety — розмаїття

microbe — мікроб

allergic — алергічний

instead of — замість

 

Be Careful with Medicine at Home

1. Keep the medicine in a locked box, on a separate shelf beyond the reach of children.

2. Read the label before you open the bottle or box. Read the instructions and dose carefully.

3. Shake the bottle with liquids of the last dose can be too strong.

4. Keep the medicine in a cold place.

Ex.2. Read the text carefully and get acquainted with the rules of making prescriptions.

PRESCRIBING DRUGS

Suppose you are sick. You go to your doctor. After examining you, the doctor writes a prescription.

A prescription is a written order for medicine. A prescription can be written only by a doctor. It tells a pharmacist what medicine the doctor has ordered for the patient.

A pharmacist is a person who prepares medicine for you. A pharmacist may work in a drugstore or hospital.

A prescription drug is a drug prepared for you. You should take it only from an adult. Each prescription drug has a label. The label tells how the drug should be used. Look at this label. Who should use this medicine? What doctor ordered the medicine? What is the name of the medicine? How often should it be taken?

Ex.3. Answer the questions.

l. What do you do when you are ill?

2. When does a person visit a chemist?

3. What is a prescription?

4. Who is a pharmacist?

5. What is written on each prescription?

6. Can't one get a patent medicine?

7. What kinds of medicine can you name?

8. Can you buy make-up at the chemist's?

9. What effect can some medicine have?

10. Are all remedies patent?

 

Ex.4. Match English words with their Ukrainian equivalents.

1. Before meal	а) двічі на день
2. After meal	b) для внутрішнього використання
3. For external use	с) перед їжею
4. Once a dav	d) приймати ліки
5. Twice a day	є) для зовнішнього використання
6. Three times a	f) три рази надань
7. For internal use	g) після їжі
8. To take medicine	h) один раз на день

Ex.5. Complete the sentences with correct words:

1. Dose 2. Doctor's instructions 3. Colds 4. Stomach

5. Take 6. Headache, cough 7. Shake 8. The globules 9. Prescription 10. Pipette

1.... the bottle well before use.

2. Take this... every 3 hours.

3.... this medicine, please.

4. That must be taken on an empty....

5. What do you take for a...?

6. This is a good medicine for....

7. You must wash hands before the use of....

8. Read the... before giving the solution.

9. Please, wash the... before use.

10. Here is a....

Ex.6. Read the text and retell it:

 

at the chemists shop в аптеці

chemist аптекар

drug ліки, лікарський препарат

medicine ліки, медикаменти

remedy лікарський засіб

poisonous отруйний

healing ointment лікувальна мазь

sedative заспокійливий засіб

laxative проносний засіб

dropper крапельниця; піпетка

AT THE CHEMIST’S

There are two departments in the chemist's shop. At one chemist's department you can have the medicine right away but at the prescrip­tion department the necessary drugs have to be ordered.

At the chemists' all drugs are kept in drug cabinets. Every small bottle or box has a label with the name of the medicine and its indica­tion stuck on it. There are drugs for internal, external uses and for injections. The dose to be taken is usually indicated on a signature or a label.

As a rule the directions for the administration of a drug are written on the signature. It is necessary for chemists, nurses, doctors as well as patients themselves, so that they won't confuse different remedies because some of them are poisonous and their overdosage may cause bad reactions and sometimes even death.

When you come for medicine you had ordered the chemist may give you some recommendations, and say you the dose to be taken.

In the drug cabinets one can see small parcels of different powders, ampules of drugs used for intravenous and intramuscular injections. There are tubes of healing ointments, different pills, sedative and tonics, as vitamins and sleeping draughts. Here you can find different laxative drugs, tablets for headache, bottles of iodine and others. At the chemist's shop one can buy hot water bottles, medicine droppers and many other things which are quite necessary for medical care.

 

Lesson 36. Drugs

Ex.1. Match the words-combinations:

miocardial infarction зменшити дозу

intramuscular injections виконувати повільно

carry out slowly постійний огляд

the starting dose інфаркт міокарду

regular examinations внутрішньом'язеві ін'єкції

to reduce dosage початкова доза

 

Ex.2. Read and translate the texts:

Complamin

Indications: Thrombosis, thrombophlebitis, myocardial

infarction, lung embolism.

Contraindications: Complamin — injections are not indicated in

mitral stenosis with right-heart failure

Dosage:

Complamin is used for intravenous and intramuscular

injections. Both methods are equally effective. Intravenous

injection should be carried out slowly. The dosage of

Complamin should be as high as possible, as high as can be

tolerated by every person. The starting dose should be 1

ampule 1-2 times daily.

Plaquenil (tablets)

Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis.

Contraindications: Psoriasis.

Dosage:

An initial adult dose (2-3 tablets) is daily taken at meal times. If the patient feels well, the dose can be reduced to 1-2 tablets.

Note: in chronic rheumatic disorders ocular examination

should be made before therapy with Plaquenil is started and

regular examinations of the eye must be at three-monthly

intervals.

Side effects:

Side effects include nausea, diarrhoea, dermatitis. These

symptoms disappear immediately when the dosage is reduced

or the drug stopped.

Patients with severe gastro-intestinal, neurological,

haematological disorders should take this drug with precautions.

Ex.3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

myocardial infarction; equally effective; should be carried out slowly; as high as can be tolerated; the starting dose; intravenous and intramuscular injections; is daily taken at meal times; when the dosage is reduced; regular examinations of the eye.

 

Ex.4. Give the English equivalents:

показання; протипоказання; виконуватися повільно; дозу можна зменшити; ці симптоми зникають миттєво; приймати обережно; огляд окуліста; ін'єкції не призначаються; однаково ефективні.

 

Ex.5. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What are the indications and contraindications of Complamin? 2. How is Complamin used? 3. In what cases are Complamin injections not indicated? 4. What is the starting dose? 5. What is the initial dose of Plaquenil? 6. What do side effects include? 7. Who should take this medicine with precautions?

Ex.5. Skim the text:

ANTIBIOTICS

The term "antibiotic" means (anti — against, bios -life) "against life". It shows that antibiotics kill some of the simple organisms. The first antibiotics discovered and introduced into medicine was penicillin. This antibiotic was discovered by Alexander Fleming in London in 1928. As penicillin is effective in treating inflammations it is widely used for injections. It is given intramuscularly.

Streptomycin is effective in many cases when penicillin can't help. It is soluble in water. It is given intramuscularly and orally

Erythromycin is used by patients who are hypertensive to penicillin. Erythromycin is used in water solutions for ear and nose infections. It is also made in tablets.

Neomycin is effective against a wide variety of microbes. It gives little or no allergic reactions. It is given orally and topically. In some cases neomycin is used as a wet dressing instead of ointment.

 

Ex.6. Answer the questions to the text:

1. What does the term "antibiotic" mean? 2. Who discovered the first antibiotics? 3: How is penicillin given to the patients? 4. Is streptomycin soluble in water? 5. Does neomycin give allergic reactions?

 

Ex.7. Give the Ukrainian equivalents:

the simple organisms; was discovered; orally, intramuscularly and topically; in many cases; soluble in water; ear and nose infections; a wide variety of microbes; a wet dressing; instead of ointment.

 

 

СПР №19

Ex.8. Read the direction to a medicine Nodon and get ready to answer the questions:

Nodon