Тривалі часи (continuous Tenses)

(to be + Present Participle)

 

Present	He (she)	is	reading	now.
We	are
Past	He (she)	was	writing	when you came.
We	were
Future	He (she)	will be	working	at 5 o’clock.
We	shall be

Ex. 6. Перекладіть речення, звертаючи увагу на час дієслова:

Зразок: My brother goes to school (Мій брат ходить до школи.)

Не is going to school now. (Він зараз іде в школу.)

 

1. Не reads newspapers in the evening.	1. He is reading a newspaper now.
2. They work much every day.	2. They are working at the hospi­tal at present.
3. I write SMS.	3. I am writing an SMS.
4. We prepare our lessons in the evening.	4. We are preparing our lessons now.
5. She speaks English well.	5. She is speaking English with her friend.
6. Every day he reads and tran­slates the texts.	6. Now he is reading and translat­ing the text.

 

Ex. 7. Звертаючи увагу на функцію дієприкметника, перекладіть речення:

1. The student is reading a newspaper now. 2. The student reading a newspaper is our monitor. 3. These young men are discussing their plan of work. 4. Some young men discussing the plan work at the plant. 5. This doctor is examining some patients now. 6. The doctor examin­ing the patients now is a skilled specialist.

 

Ex. 8. Поставте слова, які стоять у дужках, у відповідній формі Present Continuous або Present Indefinite:

1. Every day I (to go] to the College. 2. She (to go) to the library now. 3. I always (to listen) to this lecturer attentively. A. He (to tell) an interesting story now. 5. My friend always (to tell) us interesting stories. 6. They (to read) and (to translate) the text at present. 7. Peter (to help) them to translate this text now. 8. He (to help) his friends every day. 9. My father (to read) newspapers every evening. 10. He (to read) interesting article now.

 

LESSON 9.

РОБОЧИЙ ДЕНЬ СТУДЕНТА

Ex. 1. Read the words and translate the text.

to brush teeth чистити зуби	to have a break мати перерву
to comb hair розчісувати волосся	to go to a canteen ходити в їдальню
lecture -лекція	lunch другий сніданок

 

A Student’s Working Day

My working day begins early. I get up at 7 o’clock. First of all I do my morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom. I brush my teeth, wash myself and comb my hair. After that I make my bed and dress. At 7.30 I have my breakfast. I often eat bread and butter, two eggs or fried potatoes. Then I drink a cup of coffee or tea. It doesn't take me long to have my breakfast. At eight I leave home and go to the College. I often take a trolleybus or a bus. Sometimes I go on foot. I always come to the College in time.

Every day the students attend lectures and practical classes. They listen to the lectures. At the English classes they read texts, answer the teacher's questions and speak English. Between their classes they have breaks.

I go to the canteen and have my lunch. When the classes are over I go to the reading hall to read some books and magazines.

Then I go home. When I come home I wash my hands and have dinner.

In the evening I watch T. V., listen to music and get ready for my classes. On Sunday I visit my friends. Sometimes we go to the cinema or concert or to the Val.At 10 or 11

Ex. 2. Answer the questions:

1. When do you get up?

2. What do you do in the morning?

3. How do you get to your College?

4. What do you do at the English lessons?

5. Where do you have your lunch?

6. Do you often go to the library after lessons?

7. How long do you do your home tasks?

8. What do you do in the evening?

 

MY DAY OFF

Sunday is my day off. I needn’t hurry anywhere on this day. I get up later than usual. Sometimes I get up at 8 or 9 o’clock. I air the room and make my bed. Then I wash my hands and face, clean my teeth and do my hair. I go to the kitchen and prepare breakfast. I do not go to the canteen on Sundays.

On my days off I often go out of town. In winter I like to go skiing. Sometimes I go skating. And in summer I often go to the park or to the forest to have some fresh air. I like to swim in the river or in the lake.

In the evening I read books and newspapers, visit my friend, or just watch TV programs. Sometimes I go to the cinema or to the theatre.

 

Ex. 3. Answer the questions:

1. Do you go to the College on Sunday?

2. What do you usually do after you get up on Sunday?

3. Do you go to the cinema on Sunday?

4. What do you usually do in the evening?

5. Do you read much on your days off?

Do you make plans for the week-end?o’clock I go to bed.

Ex. 4. Be ready to speak about your working day.

Присвійний відмінок

 

Ex. 5. Прочитайте і перекладіть речення з присвійним відмінком:

1. Our teacher ’s dictionary is here. 2. Peter ’s father is a doctor. 3. His parents ’ flat is comfortable. 4. My mother ’s name is Ann. 5. Your brother ’s family is large. 6. Our scientists ’ works are new.

 

 

Англійський загальний відмінок	Український відмінок	Приклади
of	родовий	І live in the centre of the city.
to або без прийменника	давальний	І sent some SMS to my friends. I sent my friend an SMS.
by, with	орудний	The article was written by this student. He writes with a pencil.
about, of	знахідний	We often think about our exams.
on	місцевий	The books are on the table.

Ex. 6. Заповніть пропуски, де необхідно, потрібними приймен­никами:

1. In the centre... our city we have a large theatre. 2. I often write SMS... my friends. 3. We think... the exams. 4. We work... these instruments. 5. He showed... the teacher his control work. 6. He is a member... the club. 7. The article written... this student is interesting. 8. I often think... my future work. 9. We write... our pens. 10. The students... our group worked at the hospital yesterday.

 

Загальні і спеціальні запитання в Continuous Tenses

 

		аre	you	reading	a	book	now?	Yes, I am. No, I am not.
What		are	you	reading		-	now?
What	book	are	you	reading		-	-
When		are	you	reading	a	book	-?
Who	is	reading	a book	now

 

Ex. 7. Складіть загальні запитання, користуючись схемою, та дайте короткі позитивні або негативні відповіді:

 

Is Are	you writing now? they working at the laboratory? Petrenko taking this exam now?
Was Were	you reading the text at 6 o’clock yesterday? your friend writing when you came? They working from 10 to 12 o’clock?
Will	we be writing at 2 o’clock tomorrow? you be translating this text when I come? she be reading the book tomorrow?

 

Ex. 8. Поставте запитання до речень, починаючи їх питальними словами, які стоять у дужках:

1. She is writing a letter now (What?) 2. Peter was reading when we came in. (Who?) 3. You are going to the library. (Where?) 4. He will be working from 9 to 12 tomorrow. (When?) 5. They are translating an interesting article now. (What?) 6. He was speaking with the teacher when I came in. (Whom?) 7. They are working at the hospital at present. (Where?) 8. The doctor is examining the patients now. (What?)

КОНСТРУКЦІЯ ТО BE GOING (TO)

І am going to read this book.

Я збираюся (маю намір) прочитати цю книгу.

 

Ex. 9. Перекладіть речення українською мовою:

1. І am going to learn Therapy next year. 2. He is going to work at this hospital. 3. They are going to spend their summer vacation at home. 4. We are going to send them an invitation. 5. I am going to visit my friends. 6. He is going to be appointed as a manager of that department. 7. A new hospital is going to be built in this district. 8. This clinic is going to be reconstructed.

 

СПР №6. Read and translate the text.

 

HIGHER EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

There are different institutes and a university in almost all large cities of Ukraine. They train various specialists using such forms of education as day-time, part-time and extra-mural.

Young people between the age of 17 to 35 who have finished the secondary schools or technical schools may enter the universities or institutes.

To enter there many applicants take the tests. Those who show good results become the first-year students.

During the academic year the students must attend lectures on dif­ferent subjects. They have practical classes and carry out laboratory experiments.

At the end of each term the students take credit tests and examinations. Senior students acquire their professional skills working at different enterprises or institutions. The medical students have their practical training in different hospitals and polyclinics.

On completion of study they take the final examinations. The course of study at the most institutes lasts five years but doctors' training at some departments takes 6 years. After graduating from the medical institute young doctors work as interns during a certain period.

The higher schools of Ukraine have wide international ties with other countries. Many young people from foreign countries come to Ukraine to get higher education. Then they return to work to their countries.

Our scientists have various contacts with specialists from many countries. They take an active part in numerous conferences, symposia, seminars which are held in Ukraine or abroad. These internatio­nal contacts contribute a great deal to strengthening friendship and cooperation among the nations.

Answer the questions:

1. What forms of education do our institutes and universities use? 2. What age may young people enter the institute or university at? 3. What examinations do the applicants take to enter the Institute? 4. What must the students do during the academic year? 5. When do the students take credit tests and examinations? 6. Where do senior students acquire their professional skills? 7. Where do medical students have their practical training?

 

LESSON 10.

ТИБЕТСЬКА МЕДИЦИНА

Ex. 1. Read and memorize the words:

Tibetan medicine — тибетська медицина

treatise — трактат

methods of treatment — методи лікування

ancient — стародавній

disease — хвороба

to cause — спричиняти

violation of the equilibrium — порушення рівноваги

vital sources — життєві сили

reflect the suffering — відображати страждання

entire human organism — весь організм людини

separate organ — окремий орган

to consider — вважати

gifted — обдарований

examination — огляд

vision — зір

hearing — слух

smell — нюх

taste — смак

touch — дотик

hues of pulse — відтінок пульсу

to surround — оточувати

raw — сирий, необроблений

insect — комаха

ash — попіл

inner organs — внутрішній орган

commandment — заповідь

"Do not harm" — «Не зашкодь»

Ex. 2. Match the word-combinations:

inner organs методи лікування

hues of pulse відображати страждання

entire human organism внутрішні органи

separate organ життєві сили

vital sources відтінки пульсу

reflect the suffering весь людський організм

methods of treatment окремий орган

Tibetan medicine

Tibetan medicine is very ancient. It was over thousands of years when the ancient treatise on medicine "Chjud-shi" was written.

At present the scientists study various books and ancient xylo­graphs about Tibetan medicine. The methods of treatment used by Tibetans are different from modern medicine but the theoretical ideas are quite logical.

Tibetan doctors thought that:

diseases were caused by the violation of the equilibrium of the main "vital sources";

a disease reflected the suffering of the entire human organism and not just the separate organ. They considered that it was necessary to treat the entire organism.

One of the reasons causing diseases was food. They considered that some food was useless and bad.

Tibetan doctors were gifted specialists. During the examination of the patients they used different senses, as: vision, hearing, smell, taste and touch.

To diagnose the disease they differentiated between 400 different hues of pulse and it was felt by the doctor on the patient's both arms.

The chief postulate of Tibetan medicine was: "Everything that surrounds us may be used as a medicine". Tibetans made medicines from raw plants, animals and mineral materials. They used precious metals and stones. The doctors took gold, silver, emerald, pearls and others. They also used insects and molluscs. They burned the animals and used ash from their inner organs as a medicine for the patients. They considered that such ash could contain useful substances, necessary for the patient. Their medicines were not toxic for the patients. They used various medical herbs for treating.

Tibetan medicine has helped the modern medicine in treating dif­ferent diseases. At present our doctors often use medical herbs as medicine.

The modern medicine has the same commandment as the Tibetan medicine. It is "Do not harm".

Ex. 3. Answer the questions: 1. Are the methods of treatment used by ancient Tibetans different from modern methods? 2. What are the primary theoretical ideas of Tibetan medicine? 3. What did they think about treatment of the sick organism? 4. What senses did Tibetan doctors use? 5. How did the doctor feel pulse? 6. What was the chief postulate of Tibetan medicine? 7. What did the ancient medics use instead of a modern diagnostic laboratory? 8. What commandment is the same for the modern medicine and the Tibetan one?

СПР №7.

Ex. 4. Make up the information about Tibetan medicine using the fol­lowing words and expressions:

a) Tibetan medicine; to be very ancient; the methods of treatment used by ancient Tibetans; to be different from modern medicine; their theoretical ideas; to be logical.

b) Tibetan doctors; to think that diseases to be caused by the violation of the equilibrium of "vital sources"; a disease to reflect the suffering of the entire human organism; one of the reasons of disease to be food.

c) during the examination; the doctors — to use different senses as vision, hearing, smell and others; to differentiate 400 hues of pulse.

d) their chief postulate; to be, "Everything that; to surround; may to be used as a medicine"; to make medicine from plants, animals, mineral resources, precious metals and stones; to use insects and molluscs; to use ash from inner organs of animals as medicine.

e) Tibetan medicine; to help the modern medicine; our doctors, to use medical herbs; modern medicine, to have the same command­ment "Do not harm".