Грамматический минимум к контрольному заданию 3

 

Для выполнения задания № 3 необходимо усвоить следующие разделы грамматики английского языка.

1. Грамматические функции и значения слов it, that, one.

2. Пассивный залог (The Passive Voice) видо-временных форм Simple, Continuous, Perfect.

3. Функции глаголов to be, to have, to do

4. Простые неличные формы глагола. Функции Инфинитива. Герундий. Отличие Герундия от Причастия 1.

5. Выражение приказания и просьбы с помощью глагола to let.

6. Бессоюзное подчинение в определительных придаточных предложениях.

Используйте образцы выполнения упражнений.

 

 

Образцы выполнения упражнений

Образец 1 (к упр. I)

 

Present Simple Passive

Several new proposals are considered every week. – Несколько новых предложений рассматриваются каждую неделю.

 

 

Образец 2 (к упр. II)

 

One should be careful crossing Необходимо быть осторожным,

the street. переходя улицу.

This truck is more powerful Этот грузовик мощнее, чем тот

that one.(грузовик).

 

 

Образец 3 (к упр. III)

 

George had to leave alone. Джорж должен был уехать один.

 

 

Образец 4 (к упр. IV)

 

The text we have just translated Текст, который мы только что

is rather interesting. перевели довольно интересный.

 

 

Образец 5 (к упр. V)

 

The teacher let the students Преподаватель позволил

use the dictionaries. студентам пользоваться

словарями.

 

 

Образец 6 (к упр. VI)

Before testing the unit was Перед испытанием установка

brought to the laboratory. была доставлена в лабораторию.

 

 

Варианты контрольного задания № 3

 

Вариант 1

 

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола сказуемого. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1) Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication.

2) The Panama Canal linking the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans was officially opened in 1920.

3) Millions of newspapers, and books are being read by British people each day.

4) We will be able to buy the car only with a bank loan.

 

2. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, that, one.

1) The trouble is that they haven’t yet tested this kind of tires.

2) He is one of the most experienced drivers.

3) It is necessary to provide regular supplies of gas to this region.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1) Creation of new materials is of tremendous importance now.

2) The courses of study have to include mathematics, economics, and engineering subjects.

3) Did they come to see you last Sunday?

4) That science did accelerate markedly in the 19^th century

4. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения, обращая внимание на бессоюзные подчинения.

1) The experts said the new model could now be used for mass production.

2) We hope you will overcome the difficulties you are confronted with.

 

5. Перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения; обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1) Let them inspect your car.

2) Let us do something to help them.

6. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложениях.

1) People made many efforts to find new sources of energy.

2) Travelling can give much more information than we expect.

3) He didn’t know any name of all mentioned in the report.

 

7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст на русский язык. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2,3,4,5 абзацы текста.

 

The Higher School and the Ways to Science

1. Student participation in research is one of the most effective methods for training highly-qualified specialists 'capable of taking part in the rapidly developing scientific and technological revolution.

2. Students are encouraged to participate widely in research while still at college. The programme of studies is designed in such a way as to draw students ever deeper into scientific research.

3. Research enables the students to improve their knowledge and put to practical use the things they learn at lectures, seminars and laboratories. Furthermore ¹, it enables them to realize the practical value of their knowledge, to master the basic experimental techniques, to learn how to handle the modern equipment² and analyse the results of the experiment.

4. Such students graduate as highly-skilled specialists. And this actually is one of the most important tasks facing college.

5. There are student research societies at every universi­ty and institute. Contests³, competitions and exhibitions, based on student research have become an established tradition. Every year a country-wide student contest is held for the best research project, the winners being awarded special medals and diplomas.

6. Students are engaged in research under guidance⁴ of professors, instructors, engineers and post-graduates. As a rule, students write their term-papers and graduation theses on the problems of their research work. They operate experimental and industrial installations, conduct theoretical investigations, read scientific literature on their speciality.

7. Many term - papers and graduation theses include elements of research done at some higher school department on contract with industrial enterprises. Term- papers, research work, graduation theses⁵ of practical importance to industry — such are the stages of turning students into highly-skilled thinking engineers ready for independent work even before they get their diplomas.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. furthermore – к тому же; более того

2. to handle equipment – управлять оборудованием

3. contests – состязание; соревнование

4. under guidance – под руководством.

5. Graduation theses – дипломные работы

8. Прочтите текст еще раз. Выберите правильный вариант ответа на поставленный вопрос.

1) Are students encouraged to participate in research while studying?

2) Only after graduating from collage students have opportunities to participate in research.

3) Research enables the students to put to practical use the things they learn.

4) Still at college students are engaged in research under guidance of professors and instructors.

 

 

Вариант 2

 

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык. Определите в каждом из них видо - временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого.

1) When we are introduced to new people we should try to appear friendly.

2) After inventing dynamite, Swedish – born Alfred Nobel became a very rich man.

3) In recent years riding has become a sport for everybody.

4) He has never played a better game than he has today.

 

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, that, one.

1) These trucks are too small, we’ll need bigger ones.

2) That was the distance the car covered in one hour.

3) It is known that the laser has become a multipurpose tool.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1) Mankind was entering an age of high speeds, pressures and temperatures at the beginning of last century.

2) The evening and correspondence education system has their own advantages.

3) There is scarcely an industry to which plastics don’t make a contribution.

4) They did define the properties of the element discovered not long ago.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзные подчинения.

1) The book he recommended to read gives clear understanding of the problem.

2) He said the new system was a marked improvement over the previous one.

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1) Let your students hurry.

2) Let us paint the room in light – green.

 

6. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложениях.

1) A new comfortable coach was developed to transport people over long distances.

2) It’s no use discussing this question now, we must act.

3) While using new method the firm reduces production cost.

 

7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2, 3, 4, 5 абзацы текста.

Leeds University

1. Leeds University has a century-old tradition of teaching and research in mechanical engineering and its degrees are recognized the world over.

2. The Mechanical Engineering¹ department has about 270 undergraduates and so academic staff. The teaching staff are practising engineers as well as academics. They are involved in consultation and research and maintain close links with industry.

3. The Department offers both three year courses leading to the degree ofBachelor² of Engineering (B. Eng.) and four year courses leading to the degree of Master of Engineering² (M. Eng.).

4. The first two years of the courses are common to both three- and four-year schemes and cover basic material for practising engineers. The course covers solid mechan­ics, thermofluids, materials, design, production and computing. There are also courses in mathematics and electronics and in introduction to the role of the engineer in society.

5. The final years of both schemes offer thirty options³ from which students choose five or seven subjects. These options include vehicle dynamics, aerodynamics, energy, analysis of manufacturing processes, biomechanical engineering, noise and vibration control, social and industrial psychology.

6. The courses consist of formal lectures, reinforced by tutorials, laboratory classes and projects, and practical design and computing work. Project work takes the form of assignment which a qualified engineer might be given. The project in the fourth year of the M. Eng. course in­volves co-operation with industrial engineers.

 

Пояснения к тексту:

1. Mechanical engineering – машиностроение

2. The degree of Bachelor / Master of Engineering – степень Бакалавра / Магистра Технических наук

3. Options – факультативные предметы; предметы на выбор

 

8. Прочитайте 5, 6 абзацы текста, ответьте на предложенный вопрос.

What does the project in the fourth year of the Master of engineering course involve?

 

 

Вариант 3

 

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, определите в каждом из них видо-временную форму и залог глагола-сказуемого

1) Needles made of iron were discovered in the ruins of ancient Egypt and Rome.

2) When we arrived to the laboratory they were testing that device.

3) Petroleum products have come from one source – crude oil.

4) The investigators have been trying to finish this test.

 

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it, that, one.

1) This computer is too expensive, show us another one.

2) It would be impossible to develop new structural materials without new investigation method.

3) He found that the brakes were out of order.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be, to have, to do.

1) Students are provided with all necessary teaching materials.

2) The science of strength of materials had to cover a long and difficult path.

3) What kind of methods did they suggest?

4) The scientists do contribute to solve many purely industrial problems.

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзные подчинения.

1) The test showed the material withstood tremendous stresses without destruction.

2) The properties of all ferrous alloys depend on the percentage of carbon they contain.

 

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1) Let the block be installed as soon as possible.

2) Let us leave for Irkutsk tomorrow evening.

 

6. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложениях.

1) Having completed the experiment they decided to analyze the results.

2) The firm is interested in exporting its products.

3) There are many people who like to collect antique cars throughout the world.

 

7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 абзацы текста.

 

James Watt

1. James Watt was born in Greenock, Scotland, and was taught at home, later he went to Qreenock Grammar School.

2. His technical expertise¹ seems to have been obtained from working in his father's workshop and from early in life he showed academic promise. His early formal training was as an instrument maker in London and Glasgow.

3. Watt combined the expertise of a scientist with that of a practical engineer, for later he was not only to improve the heat engine but also to devise new mechanisms.

4. In the development of the steam engine James Watt represents the perfecting of a sequence of stages begin­ning with the Newcomen engine and ending with the parallel motion and sun/planet gearing². The latter is said to have been invented by W. Murdock but patented by Watt.

5. In the scientific field Watt's finest memorial, apart from steam engines, is his establishment of the unit of power — the rate of doing work. He coined the term³ horsepower (hp); one horse being defined as equivalent to 33,000 ftlb/min⁴.

6. Watt was interested in the strength of materials and designed a screw press for chemically copying written material. A leading brand of reprographic equipment today is remarkably similar. Watt received many honors in recognition of his important works. He was a Fellow of the Royal Society of London and Edinburg, and was a member of the Academy of Sciences in France.

7. James Watt died in1819 in Heathfield, after a life of incomparable technical value. Later, a statue to Watt was placed in Westminster Abbey.

Пояснения к тексту:

1. expertise – мастерство

2. parallel motion and sun / planet gearing – параллелограммный механизм и планетарная передача.

3. to coin the term – ввести термин

4. ft lb. / min – футо–фунтов в минуту

 

8. Прочитайте 6, 7 абзацы текста, ответьте на вопрос:

What invention of J. Watt is still used in the reprographic equipment today?

 

 

Вариант 4

 

1. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, определите в каждом из них видовременную форму и залог глагола - сказуемого.

1) The aborigines taught the early settlers to hunt wild animals.

2) This technology has already been applied to the production of several tools.

3) Many other applications are under investigation in laboratories.

4) The ecologists are trying to preserve our evironment for futture generation.

2. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на различные значения слов it,that,one.

1) One should be very careful working with the sharp instruments.

2) I’m afraid that the prices will increase sharply.

3) This is the model of the first automobile. It was propelled by stea m.

3. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, помня о разных значениях глаголов to be,to have,to do.

1) One engineer doesn’t deal with every phase of development of a complex mechanism.

2) Nowadays any investigator does work having access to the scientific information.

3) The experts are to take into account the results of the test.

4) The graduates have an optimal combination of theoretical knowledge and practical skill.

 

4. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на бессоюзные подчинения.

1) The dam they built last year made it possible to obviate the danger of the flood.

2) They state automation is the third phase in the development of technology

5. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обратите внимание на то, что в них просьба (побуждение) выражена с помощью глагола to let.

1) Let us call Jane on the telephone.

2) They are going to let him fix the car by himself.

 

6. Перепишите следующие предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на функцию инфинитива, герундия и причастия в предложениях.

1) The flowing water is an unlimited source of energy.

2) The laboratory assistants keep on making experiments.

3) Powerful modern machinery allowed to complete a great deal of work last year.

 

7. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2, 3, 4 абзацы текста.