Power supply. Electric systems and networks

My future speciality is power supply to industrial enterprises, cities and rural regions. I am also trained to work in the field of electrical systems and networks.

The power engineers have to do with many problems, for example, with the voltage at which power must be generated, then there are the problems of controlling, the phase, the frequency and the loads of power systems.

The power engineers are also concerned with feeding sources, step-up and step-down electric substations, various auxiliary installations and erections as well as with feeding distribution electric grids.

Industry, transport, agriculture are the biggest consumers of electricity. The more we develop industry, transport, agriculture the more we need electric power.

The main task of electric engineers is to look for efficiency improvements of power sources as well as for new power distribution systems.

 

Civil Engineering

I am a second - year student of the Bratsk State Technical University. My future speciality is civil egineering. The term «civil engineering» is usually applied to such as excavation and embankment, the construction of railways, canals,aqueducts, pipelines, the reclamation of land, building construction. The history of building is as old as civilization itself.

Architecture has an origin in the primitive efforts of mankind to provide protection against bad weather and enemies in rock, caves, huts and tents. Civil engineering developed with the rise of Rome in the 6-th century B.C. Romans built sewers, conduits and aqueducts, roads and bridges.

Town bulding was based on camp tradition. Some towns arose out of army camps. The oldest building materials are: timber, stone and brick. Now steel, aluminium, iron, plastics, concrete are introduced into building. A town of future should be convinient, beautiful and well planned. Town planning takes into consideration the siting of industrial enterprises, residential areas, the laying out of highways, the organization of municipal transport and many other aspects.

The construction engineer must be able to draw together many types of engineering knowldge and many different engineering techniques.

 

 

My Speciality Is Woodworking

The main directions in the economic development of Russia are to ensure better utilization of forest raw materials and processing of wood, to raise labour productivity and lower production costs.

One of the most important features of modern woodworking industry is the concentration of production. It means creating large timber industry complexes.

The Bratsk Timber Industrial complex not only fells timber, but also produces cord pulp, cardboards, saw timber, plywood, fibreboards, feed grade yeast, resin, turpentine and other things.

Graduates from the woodworking department work as engineers in the techology of woodworking at timber industry enterprises.

In order to be an educated and qualified engineer it is necessary to study about 40 subjects of general education and engjneering.

 

 

Motor transport

I study at the faculty of the Mechanical Controllable systems of the Bratsk State Technical University. My future speciality will be motor transport.

Motor transport is a kind of transport for carrying freight and passengers along railless roads on short and long distances.

Now we can’t imagine our life without motor transport. The main tasks of transport are to ensure timely, high-quality and full satisfaction of the needs of the economy and the population in conveyance.

There are the following groups of autos: transport vehicles, special-duty lorries and racing cars. Transport vehicles are for carrying cargo and people they are divided into cargo carrying cars and buses. Racing cars are meant for contests.

The auto consists of the following components: a)the engine; b) the framework; c) the mechanism that transmits the power from engine to the wheels; d) the body.

Now motor industry continues developing and perfecting. General vehicle configuration becomes very important area of change. The cars are expected to be smaller, lighter, more efficient. Low pollution automotive emissions are technologically possible. Modern vehicles are equipped with electronic devices. Automatic control of automobiles and trucks on highway becomes a practical reality.

I believe that despite environmental, sociological, technological considerations an interesting future lies ahead for the automotive industry.

 

 

Road building machinery.

I am a student of the Bratsk State Technical University. My future speciality is road building machinery. In order to become an educated specialist I am to study the following subjects: physics, chemistry, mathematics, social sciences, foreign language, strength of materials, electrical engineering, computer-programming and many others.

I believe that the economic prosperity of the country is closely connected with the adequate and efficient road network.

A great variety of different kinds of machinery is found in highway construction. The work is divided into several technologically completed processees. The building of highways connected with a great volume of earth work is one of the most difficult, most labour-consuming process. This type of work is produced by means of bulldozers, scrapers, grades and excavators. They are divided into three classes. The first class includes bulldozers of different types which carry out the work with the aid of a blade mounted on a tractor of either crawler or a wheel type. Scrapers belong to the second class of earth-moving machines. As for revolving shovels they belong to the third class.

All modern plants are highly efficient machines, wich are built to give years of service if properly used, handled and maintained.

And I’ll do all my best to master my profession to become a qualified specialist.

 

 

Раздел VI

Тексты для ознакомительного чтения

 

Higher Education in Great Britain

There are 46 universities, 30 polytechnics and numerous colleges for more specialized needs, such as colleges of technology, technical colleges, of arts and agricultural colleges in England and Wales.

They all provide a wide range of courses from lower- level technical and commercial courses through specialized courses of various kinds to advanced courses for those who want to get higher-level posts in commerce, industry and administration, or take up one of a variety of professions.

Courses are a combination of lectures, seminars, tutorials and laboratory work. In a lecture the student is one of a large number of students. He listens to the lecturers, takes notes, asks no questions. In a seminar he raises problems and discusses them with his fellow students under the direction of one of the teachers. In a tutorial he is accompanied by only a handful of students and discusses his personal academic problems with a teacher.

Study in courses may be full-time and part-time. Full-time education includes sandwich courses in which periods of full-time study (for example, six months) alternate with full-time practical work and training in industry. Full-time and sandwich courses now are an important part of higher education in England and Wales. Part-time education may be taken during the day (for example, one day a week or full-time for short periods) or in the evening only. Particular feature of the higher education is its strong links with commerce and industry.

The system of higher education permits students to get whatever qualification they need.

 

 

An Academic Qualification

A degree is an academic qualification awarded at most universities and colleges upon completion of a higher educational course (a first degree) or a piece of research (higher degrees). If students pass their final exam at the end of a three-year course, they get their first degree. Students with a first degree become Bachelors of Arts or Science, and can put B.A.or B.Sc. after their names. If they want to go a step further and become Master of Arts or Science, they have to write an original paper, or thesis, on some subject based on a short period of research, usually soon after graduation. If students wish to become academics and perhaps teach in a university, then they will work for a higher degree, a Doctor of Philosophy-a Ph.D. For this they will have to carry out some important research work.