Read these rules of an online book club. Then answer the questions.

You must be 18 or over.

You shouldn't give your password to anyone.

You don't have to buy every month.

You don't have to buy our recommendations.

You need to buy ten books per year.

You don't have to pay after each purchase.

You must pay within three months.

1 Can you join if you are 17?

2 Can you give your password to a friend if you want to?

3 Is it necessary to buy a book every month?

4 Is it necessary to buy the recommendations?

5 Can you buy only five books per year?

6 Is it necessary to pay after each purchase?

7 Is it necessary to pay within three months?

 

8 Complete sentences 1 to 8 with suitable endings a) to h).

 

1 It's getting late

2 I can work from home

3 I've been transferred to Madrid

4 This deal is too important to lose

5 We lost our database once before

6 I'm afraid this report is urgent

7 I think we're all in agreement

8 We've still got plenty of stock in the warehouse

 

a) so we don't need to order any more yet.

b) so we must not make a mistake.

c) so you must not forget to back up the files.

d) so you'll have to stay and finish it.

e) so I have to learn some Spanish.

f) so we have to go.

g) so I don't have to go into the office much.

h) so we don't need to discuss it any

further.

 

Rules and regulations

9 Complete these sentences so that they are true for your country. Use have to,don't have to and must not.

1 You ---------------carry a gun.

2 You -------------- pay to use buses and trams.

3 You --------------- vote if you are over 18.

4 You --------------- drink alcohol at work.

 

5 You -------------- pay to drive on a motorway.

6 You ----------------declare income earned abroad.

7 You ---------------wear a seat belt when driving a car.

 

В Rules at work

10 Complete these sentences so that they are true for your job situation.Use have to, don't have to and must not.

 

1 You ---------------- take home company equipment.

2 You -------------- wear a badge.

3 You ----------------- wear a tie, if you are a man.

4 You --------------- wear jeans at work.

5 You ---------------- clock in when you arrive.

6 You -----------------wear a dress or suit, if you are a woman.

 

THE FUTURE

 

Form. There are a number of ways of making reference to future time. These include:

present progressive I'm seeing Kamil tomorrow.

going to We're going to discuss the new secret deal.

present simple His plane gets to Heathrow at 12.45.

will It will probably arrive late owing to air traffic congestion.

Uses

Talking about plans or arrangements

We can talk about plans using the present progressive:

I'm meeting Mr Wong next week. He's arriving on Tuesday.

Talking about present intentions

We use going to rather than will for plans, decisions and firm intentions:

She is going to leave in a month's time. (Avoid She will leave...)

When are you going to visit us next? (= When do you intend to...?)

How much money are you going to offer? (= have you decided to offer?)

 

In general, we prefer a present form when the future event involves some sort of present plan, intention or arrangement We prefer will when we are not focusing on a present idea. Compare:

He's going to take early retirement, (present intention / arrangement)

He's taking early retirement. He'll have a lot more free time, (future situation)

Making predictions

To make a prediction we can use either will or going to:

I'm sure you will / are going to enjoy your visit to our Head Office.

We use going to when there is present external evidence for a future event and will when we state our own intuitions:

Look at those clouds - it's going to rain.

I expect he'll want to stay in the best hotel. (I know what kind of person he is)

 

100

Making promises or offers

Will is used to make a commitment for the future:

'Could you lend me $50? I'll pay you back tomorrow.'

I don't know if I can finish the job by Friday but I'll do my best.

We use will (usually contracted to’ll) when an offer is made at the moment of speaking:

'Are you going? I'll give you a lift to the station if you like.'

'I haven't got any means of transport.' 'Don't worry, I'll lend you my car.'

 

Official calendars and schedules

For a future event based on an official calendar or schedule we use the present simple. The event is unlikely to change between now and then.

The train leaves from Waterloo at 17.59.

Our next planning meeting is on Wednesday.

 

EXERSICES

Complete the sentences with the appropriate form of the verbs' brackets.

1 We want to build up our US sales, so we (set up)------------------------regional office in Chicago. (intention, decision made)

2 I(travel)------------------------ to Chicago tomorrow on the 8:15 flight. (fixed arragment)

3 I (look at)------------------------- some office premices that we might rent. (intention, decision made)

4 How (you, travel) ---------------------------- round Chicago? (intention)

(two possible answers)

5 Harry Schwarz (meet)--------------------- me at the airport with his

car. (fixed arrangement)

6 We don't know which is the best location. I (collect)-------------------- as much information as I can. (intention, decision made)

7 I (present) ----------------- all the options after my trip (intention, decision now)

Complete the dialogue with the appropriate form of the verbs in brackets. More than one answer is possible in some cases.

A Can you come to a meeting tomorrow at 10? We (discuss) --------------------------

the plans for exporting the new model and we'd like to have your ideas.

B I'm afraid I can't. I (leave) ---------------------------for France this evening.

I (attend) ------------------------ the Paris sales conference.

A When (you, come back)---------------------------?

B Not till next week. I (stay)------------------------- there over the weekend.

A Well, I'm sure you'll have a wonderful time. I (tell)----------------- the

others that you can't come.

 

Work with a partner. You both work in Singapore. Next Monday, some colleagues from Head Office are arriving. Discuss the plan below and decide who will do what.

What time are they arriving? Who's going to pick them up? I'll pick them up

Plan

Monday 20^th: Colleagues arrive at the airport, 17:30

Pick them up and take them to Palace Hotel

Have dinner at hotel in evening

Tuesday 21^st 8:00 Meeting with sales team at the office

10:30-13:30 Meetings with customers

Lunch 13:30

Afternoon: Free time to visit Singapore

Evening: Dinner with customer at Orchid Restaurant

Wednesday 22nd 11:00-12:30 Meeting with customer

Lunch 12:30

Afternoon: Short meeting on future plans

Taxi to airport at 15:00

 

Write an email to your colleagues at Head Office. Explain the plan and tell them who is going to pick them up.

Choose the correct variant.

1. This lesson ends/will end at 2 o'clock.

2. I'll go/I'm going to go shopping this afternoon. Can 1 get you anything?

3. I'll start/I'm going to start a new job next Monday.

4. Idoubt he will apply/applies for this job.

5.Will you help/are you helping me to complete the application form?

6. I think I am going/I'll go to London soon.

7.We are presenting/will present the new company structure next week.

8. When does the new shop open? It will open/opens officially on 1st September.

9. What am I going to do/shall I do if he is late?

10. Will you do/Are you doing anything on Sunday? We will go/are going shopping.

11. Don't worry about meeting. I support/will support you.

12. I insist on seeing the manager.

- O.K., Sir. I am going/will go and call her.

 

6. Complete these sentences using the correct form to express future meaning of the verbs in brackets.

1. I ------------------- to Paris next week if I buy a ticket, (fly)

2. I ------------------ you the money tomorrow. (give)

3. Next winter holidays, I -------------- with my granny in the village, (stay)

4. Have you heard the news? The company--------------------- to London, (move)

5. I------------------------- to the general manager on Monday, (go)

6. Our business trip starts tomorrow. We----------------------at 10. (leave)

7. Next summer I--------------------- a week in the Crimea. (spend)

8. What time-------------------- the lecture -------------? (begin)

9. I'm sure she ------------------- the job. She has a lot of experience. (get)

10. According to the timetable the bus ---------------------- at 8.00. (arrive)

11. All the hotels are full. Where -------------- we ----------------- he night? (spend)

12. I don't think you---------------------------- any problems at the airport. (have)

 

 

13. Our company----------------------- its 10th anniversary next year. (celebrate)

14 I think I ------------------------- a promotion this spring. (get)

15 I -------------------------- my bank manager tomorrow morning, (meet)

16. The football match --------------------------- at 6 o'clock on Sunday, (start)

17. Look out! The ladder ------------------------ (fall)

18. He ---------------------------- to buy new furniture this year, (plan)

 

 

CONDITIONALS (1)

 

If introduces a condition - something may or may not happen depending on the circumstances. Conditional sentences have a number of uses.

 

Stating a general rule

If can be used to say what generally happens when something else happens. Both verbs in this type of sentence are in the present simple tense:

If you order in bulk you usually get a discount.

If the paperwork is incomplete the goods are often held up.