I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.

а) Действительный залог

The importance of scientific research is growing with every day.

A group of seven engineers has worked out the technology for producing a

New alloy.

There are only two kinds of energy transfer – wave motion and particle

Motion.

By that time Niels Bohr had already accepted Rutherford’s model of the atom.

b) Страдательный залог

The data of the latest research in this field of science are often referred to.

Gold is not affected by moisture.

The laboratory of our Institute was given a new task.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите функции причастий (Participle I, Participle II).

The only force acting on a freely falling body in vacuum is gravity.

When placed over a fire, a substance becomes hot.

Steam is usually generated in a boiler heated by fire.

While studying the properties of electrons atomic physicists solved many

Other problems.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами.

Radio waves can be used for different purposes.

Ultra-violet radiation may produce ionization.

They will be able to create the necessary conditions in the laboratory.

The experiments must be conducted at room temperature.

The experiments are to clarify this point of view.

The constituents of this compound had to be determined at very low

Temperatures.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.

KONSTANTIN TSIOLKOVSKY (1857 – 1935)

K.E. Tsiolkovsky was born near Ryasan, south of Moscow in 1857. In his childhood he began to take interest in physics and mathematics.

In 1895 he began to mention space flights in his papers and in 1898 he wrote about the necessity for liquid-fuel rocket engines. His first work dealing with the fundamentals of rocket propulsion was written in 1898, but it was published only five years later. Thus, it took approximately two hundred years for someone to formulate a practical application of Newton’s law of action versus reaction.

In 1903 Tsiolkovsky began a series of articles for an aviation magazine in which he went into theory of rocketry quite thoroughly, and on this his reputation as a pioneer of space flight rests. He wrote of space suits, satellites and the colonization of the solar system and was the first to suggest space station. By the 1930s he was a well-known scientist in the Soviet Union. At this time the country was already interested in some sort of space program.

Two very important contributions were offered by Tsiolkovsky: the notion of multi-stage rockets and the idea of using liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as fuel.

The tombstone on Tsiolkovsky’s grave carries the message “Mankind will not remain tied to earth forever” and so it proved. Twenty two years after his death the Soviet Union launched the first man-made satellite and Sputnik made a wonderful memorial for this great man. Tsiolkovsky died in Kaluga in 1935.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2.

ВАРИАНТ 2.

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.

а) Действительный залог

The special application of light has led to the development of lasers and

Masers.

The scientists are working on an interesting problem for obtaining power from

Atom.

Before Newton’s time, however, such great scientists as Copernicus, Gallilei

And Kepler had discussed gravitation.

b) Страдательный залог

Most waves are reflected from metals.

The delegation of foreign specialists was shown the new electronic equipment

Of our lab.

They will be given new interesting data by the end of the month.

The parts of this device are acted upon by more than two forces.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите функции причастий (Participle I, Participle II).

Electrical energy used in our homes is often converted into heat and light.

All objects surrounding us are composed of different substances.

If produced by friction heat is usually considered as useless work.

Passing through the air alpha-particles ionize it.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами.

Polymers can be used for making different things.

Energy is never destroyed: one form of energy may be converted into another.

They will be able to improve the experimental conditions in their laboratory.

This complicated process must result in the release of energy.

The mixture is to be heated before the experiment.

The laboratory assistant had to alter the experimental conditions.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.

SERGEY KOROLYOV (1906 – 1966)

Korolyov’s biography is the concretization of the history of our land in one man. And at the same time he was always a little ahead; he was outstripping his day and outstripped it during all his life.

The name of Sergey Korolyov will forever be associated with one of the greatest achievements of science and technology of all times – the dawn of the age of space exploration by man. He was a leading designer of rocket and space systems which ensured success in the initial stages of investigation of outer space.

Korolyov’s devotion to his work, unusual gifts as a scientist and designer, his energy and outstanding organizational abilities played a major role in resolving the complex scientific and technical problems that stood in the path of development of rocket and space technology. He possessed enormous talent and boldness of scientific and engineering vision and this contributed to the realization of the most complicated scientific and technological projects.

Many of Academician Korolyov’s ideas were widely applied and extended in rocket and space engineering. He trained many scientists and engineers who are working today in various scientific and design organizations.

All his life Korolyov was working and devoted his whole life to selfless service to his homeland, to the development of an advanced science and technology.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2.

ВАРИАНТ 3.

I. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите видовременную форму и залог сказуемого.

а) Действительный залог

Industry has developed various applications for the electromagnet.

Newton had established his law of gravitation before 1670.

The application of electronics is changing the entire life of the people.

There were many explanations of the phenomenon of light.

b) Страдательный залог

They were given the wrong data of the experiment.

The speaker was asked a number of difficult questions.

Today polymers are referred to as materials of vital importance.

II. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения. Определите функции причастий (Participle I, Participle II).

The forces acting between atoms within a molecule are very great.

When placed in a strong magnetic field iron becomes magnetized.

Heat produced from electric energy often heats our homes.

While speaking of strength it must be noted that strength is not the same as

Stiffness.

III. Перепишите и письменно переведите предложения с модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами.

A body can be accelerated only if a force is applied to it.

Objects may reflect most of one colour, half of another colour and a small

Percentage of some others.

Nobody will be able to measure the density of this substance without a

Special device.

In our experiments the initial substances must be chemically pure.

The aim of the study is to provide definite results as soon as possible.

The force acting upon the body had to be determined.

IV. Перепишите и письменно переведите 1, 2 и 3-й абзацы текста.

ANDREY SAKHAROV

Andrey Sakharov, the outstanding nuclear physicist, was born in Moscow, Russia on May 14. He won a doctorate at the age of 26 and was admitted as a full member of the Soviet Academy of Sciences at age 32.

Having invented the deadly weapon, nevertheless, Andrey Sakharov was an outspoken advocate of human rights, civil liberties and reforms in the country. As a prominent Soviet scientist, he was accorded luxuries and honors. But in 1961 he went on record against the plan to test a 100-megaton hydrogen bomb in the atmosphere, fearing the effects of widespread radioactive fallout. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Peace, but in 1975 the Soviet scientist had to overcome many obstacles in his way for world recognition and awards.

In 1968 Sakharov published in the West his essay “Progress, Coexistence and Intellectual Freedom”, in which he called for nuclear arms reductions and criticized the increasing repression of Soviet dissidents.

In December 1979, with his denunciation of the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan and his call for a world boycott of the Moscow Olympic Games, he was silenced. He was not able to publish his works in his country.

A year later, the Soviet government stripped him of his honors and exiled him to the closed city of Gorky (now Nizhny Novgorod). M. S. Gorbachev in 1986 released Sakharov and let him return to Moscow.

КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ №2.

ВАРИАНТ 4.