Тема: чтение текстов с полным пониманием и логическое завершение предложения

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Choosing the right advertising for your product or service is really important. Here are some tips.

– Understand your customers. Find out who they are (their age, interests, lifestyle, income, buying habits). Find out what is the best way to reach them. Which newspapers do they read? Which TV programmes do they watch?

– What do you want your advertising to achieve? What is its purpose? Do you want to inform people about your product or service? Do you want them to buy it, or see it in a different way? What is its USP (unique selling point)?

– Keep your message simple and clear. Say just one thing, e.g. “This is new”, “This is better”, “This makes life easier”. Make sure you have a headline that is eye-catching. Make sure the text tells the customer everything you want them to know.

Закончите предложение:

Make sure you have a headline that is …

a) eye-contacting

b) eye-opener

c) eye-service

d) eye-catching

 

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Cast iron should be used for components which must be strong in compression. It is recommended for machine beds and frames. Wrought iron is recommended for components where tensile strength is required; for example, crane hooks and railway couplings. Mild steel should be used for components which must be strong in shear; therefore it is recommended for rivets and bolts. Medium carbon steel is recommended for components where impact strength is required; for example, axles and hammer heads.

Закончите предложение:

Wrought iron is recommended for…

a) rivets and bolts

b) crane hooks and railway couplings

c) axles and hammer heads

d) machine beds and frames

 

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Naval architects are engineers who design and supervise construction of ships. Ships must be designed and built so that they are safe, stable, strong, and fast enough to perform the type of work intended for them. A naval architect must be familiar with the variety of modern shipbuilding.

Marine engineering is a specialized branch of mechanical engineering devoted to the design and operation of systems, both mechanical and electrical, needed to propel a ship. Engineers in this field develop diesel engines and steam turbines that provide enough power to move the ship at the required speed.

Закончите предложение:

A naval architect must be familiar with …

a) a specialized branch of mechanical engineering

b) mechanical and electrical systems

c) the variety of modern shipbuilding

d) diesel engines and steam turbines

 

Прочитайте текст.It is noted that a suspension, which is another kind of liquid mixture, greatly differs from a solution. A suspension may be demonstrated by placing some sand in a glass of water and then stirring the mixture violently for a moment. If this is done, the two substances mix but no solution is effected. The particles of sand, being larger than any of particles of the true solution, mix for a while, but since they move about less freely, they finally settle on the bottom when agitation of the mixture ceases.

Закончите предложение:

It is noted that a suspension…

a) greatly differs from a solution

b) finally settle on the bottom

c) is another kind of liquid mixture

d) may be demonstrated by placing some sand in a glass of water

 

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Electromagnetism and gravity are two basic forces of nature. They are very similar and scientists are trying to unify them. Electromagnetism works in small objects – it attracts the electrons from the atomic nucleus and maintains them in place. Gravity works with big objects – the pull of gravity from the nucleus of the Earth maintains our atmosphere in place. Both, the electrons and the Earth, spin and generate an electric and magnetic field around them. These fields make up our planet’s electromagnetic shield.

Закончите предложение:

Electromagnetism and gravity…

a) are two basic forces of nature

b) work in big objects

c) work in small objects

d) generate an electric and magnetic field around them

 

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The two most common types of engines for cars are the petrol engine and diesel engine. Petrol engines are usually lighter and smaller than diesel engines. This makes them cheaper, and this is why most cars use petrol engines. Petrol engines are also led noisy than diesel engines. They usually go faster. On the other hand, diesel engines use less fuel than petrol engines, and this is why trucks use them. They are also safer than petrol engines, because there is less danger of fire. There are two main types of petrol engine – 4-stroke and 2-stroke. All cars use 4-stroke engines. But most motorbikes use 2-stroke engines. They are lighter and smaller than 4-stroke engines, and are therefore cheaper.

Закончите предложение:

All cars use …

a) petrol engines

b) 4-stroke engines

c) 2-stroke engines

d) diesel engines

 

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The inclusion of other elements affects the properties of the steel. Manganese gives extra strength and toughness. Steel containing 4 per cent silicon is used for transformer cores or electromagnets because it has large grains acting like small magnets. The addition of chromium gives extra strength and corrosion resistance, so we can get rust-proof steels. Heating in the presence of carbon or nitrogen-rich materials is used to form a hard surface on steel (case-hardening). High-speed steels, which are extremely important in machine-tools, contain chromium and tungsten plus smaller amounts of vanadium, molybdenum and other metals.

Закончите предложение:

Steel containing 4 per cent silicon …

a) gives extra strength and corrosion resistance

b) are extremely important in machine-tools

c) is used for transformer cores or electromagnets

d) is used to form a hard surface on steel

 

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Soldering is recommended for making connections on electrical circuits, but it should never be used where strong joints are required. For permanent joints between two dissimilar materials like nylon and metal, it is advisable to use adhesives. For temporary jobs, like fitting a maintenance cover, screw-fastening should always be used. Riveting is recommended for permanent sheet-metal joints such as outer casing fitting. Although welding should always be used for steel support girders, brazing can be used for medium-sized joints where strength is required; for example the joint between the base and body of a hydraulic jack.

Закончите предложение:

Screw-fastening should always be used for…

a) steel support girders

b) permanent joints between two dissimilar materials like nylon and metal

c) temporary jobs, like fitting a maintenance cover

d) medium-sized joints where strength is required

 

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The automobile is made up of three basic parts: the engine, the body and the chassis. The engine is the source of power and makes the car move.

The chassis consists of the transmission and running gear (frame, springs and wheels). The transmission carries the power from the engine to the wheels. It consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential. The transmission also includes the steering system and brakes.

The body has the hood, fenders, the heater and so on.

Закончите предложение:

The automobile is made up of three basic parts:…

a) the hood, fenders, the heater and so on

b) the engine, the body and the chassis

c) frame, springs and wheels

d) the clutch, gearbox, propeller shaft, rear axle, final drive and differential

 

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To be effective as a leader, you must develop skills in strategic thinking. Strategic thinking is a process whereby you learn how to make your business vision a reality by developing your abilities in team work, problem solving, and critical thinking. It is also a tool to help you confront change, plan for and make transitions, and envision new possibilities and opportunities.

Strategic thinking is like making a movie. Every movie has a context (or story), which it uses to get you to experience a certain outcome (an emotion, in this case) at the end of the movie. Strategic thinking is much the same in that it requires you to envision WHAT you want your ideal outcome to be for your business and then works backwards by focusing on the story of HOW you will be able to reach your vision.

Закончите предложение:

Strategic thinking is a process whereby you learn how to make your business vision a reality by developing your abilities in team work, problem solving, and …

a) opportunities

b) possibilities

c) critical thinking

d) strategic thinking

 

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The traits of an effective leader include the following:

1. Emotional stability. Good leaders must be able to tolerate frustration and stress. Overall, they must be well-adjusted and have the psychological maturity to deal with any arising problem.

2. Enthusiasm. Leaders are usually seen as active, expressive, and energetic. They are often very optimistic and open to change. Overall, they are generally quick and alert and tend to be uninhibited.

3. Conscientiousness. Leaders are often dominated by a sense of duty and tend to be very exacting in character. They usually have a very high standard of excellence and an inward desire to do one’s best. They also have a need for order and tend to be very self-disciplined.

Закончите предложение:

The effective leader must be well-adjusted and have the psychological maturity to deal with any …

a) arising frustration

b) arising problem

c) disappearing problem

d) arising stress

 

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A campaign to promote a tourist destination takes a lot of careful planning.

First, you have to decide exactly what your region offers to visitors – the weather, the natural features (beaches, mountains, scenery), the culture, historical buildings, etc.

Next, you need to identify your target market. This means knowing who your customers are. What are they interested in? How much money will they spend?

Then you need to decide on the objectives for your campaign. Are you trying to attract new visitors, keep your existing customers, or raise awareness about your region?

After that, you need to decide the best way to communicate your message. What’s the best way to promote your region – advertising, cultural events, etc.?

Finally, you need to plan your resources – this means how much money, how much time, and how many people. Think about all the activities within your campaign, give each one a budget (money), a schedule (time), and the people to make sure it happens.

Закончите предложение:

Are you trying to attract new visitors, keep your existing customers, or raise awareness about …

a) your town

b) your city

c) your region

d) your country

 

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A successful negotiation is when two people (or teams) reach agreement on something which they are both happy with. There should not be a winner and a loser. The negotiation should end with both people getting what they want. For example, if workers negotiate with the company’s management, the workers may get more pay and the management may get better productivity.

To be a good negotiator takes a lot of skill and preparation. You need to:

– understand what is a good result for the other team as well as yourself

– have a clear idea of your objectives

– be willing to compromise on your objectives

– be sure what your priorities are – what is most important to you

– have a strategy – a plan of what you are going to do and say

– listen carefully to the other people – what they say, and how they say it

– be well-prepared.

Закончите предложение:

For example, if workers negotiate with the company’s management, the workers may get more pay and the management may get …

a) better productivity

b) better productiveness

c) more products

d) more productivity

 

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The purpose of this research was to find out what students aged 14-18 use their mobile phones for. It also aimed to find out what kind of phones they use. In addition, it asked how many hours they spend on the phone, and finds out if there is any difference between boys and girls in how they use their phones.

We found that girls prefer to use their phones to chat with friends, whereas boys prefer to send text messages. However, more girls than boys keep in touch with their parents by texting.

Закончите предложение:

We found that girls prefer to use their phones to chat with friends, whereas boys prefer to send …

a) messages

b) pictures

c) e-mail

d) text messages

 

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Three strategies that have been especially popular with advertisers can be classified as slogans, rational appeals, and emotional appeals.

Advertisers often use slogans that sound great but mean little or nothing. Yet, advertisers seem to feel that such slogans, when repeated often enough, do increase sales.

Rational appeals rely upon logic or reason to convince the consumer to buy a product.

Emotional appeals rely upon the use of psychology.

Закончите предложение:

Advertisers seem to feel that such slogans do increase …

a) reason

b) sales

c) logic

d) buys

 

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Public relations includes ongoing activities to ensure the company has a strong public image. Public relations activities include helping the public to understand the company and its products. Often, public relations are conducted through the media, that is, newspapers, television, magazines, etc. As noted above, public relations is often considered as one of the primary activities included in promotions.

Закончите предложение:

Public relations activities include helping the public to understand the company and its …

a) promotions

b) activities

c) products

d) goods

 

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It’s easy to become confused about these terms: advertising, promotion, public relations and publicity, and sales. The terms are often used interchangeably. However, they refer to different but similar activities.

For example, advertising is bringing a product (or service) to the attention of potential and current customers. Advertising is typically done with signs, brochures, commercials, direct mail or e-mail messages, personal contact, etc.

Publicity is mention in the media. Organizations usually have little control over the message in the media, at least, not as they do in advertising. Regarding publicity, reporters and writers decide what will be said.

Закончите предложение:

Advertising is bringing a product (or service) to the attention of potential and current …

a) writers

b) customers

c) buyers

d) organizations

 

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According to their resistivity, conductors are divided into two groups; the first includes materials with low resistivity: copper, aluminium and others. These metals are used to produce wire conductors due to their high mechanical strength. The second group includes materials with high resistivity: one of these is nichrome. Due to its good heat resistance, nichrome is used to produce heaters. Carbon is commonly used to produce electrodes and brushes for electric machines.

Закончите предложение:

Nichrome is used to produce…

a) heaters

b) electrodes and brushes

c) wire conductors

d) electric machines

 

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Chickens are on most tables today. Modern methods of rearing and refrigeration have made birds of uniform quality available everywhere and we eat them probably more than any other meal. Most people now buy frozen ones which are inexpensive and ready to cook. You can buy whole birds or chicken pieces. For a family a whole bird is a saving as it will provide more than one meal. Chicken pieces are good for a quick meal. The most economical joints are the drumsticks and thighs – there is a lot of meat on them.

Закончите предложение:

Modern methods of rearing and refrigeration have made birds of uniform quality available everywhere and…

a) we don’t eat them probably more than any other meal

b) can buy whole birds or chicken pieces

c) we eat them probably more than any other meal

d) most people now buy frozen ones which are inexpensive and ready to cook

 

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Many manufacturers add preservatives or additives to packaged or bottled juices. By far the most common added ingredient in juice is refined sugar. If you buy ready-made juices or the frozen concentrates, read the label to make sure that they have no added sugar or colourings, especially if you are giving them to children. For younger children, even pure fruit juices should always be diluted. Many juices are quite acidic and can damage young teeth or cause diarrhea if children drink them at full strength.

Many juices are quite acidic…

a) and many manufacturers add preservatives or additives to packaged or bottled juices

b) because the most common added ingredient in juice isn’t refined sugar

c) and can damage young teeth or cause diarrhea if children drink them at full strength.

d) for younger children