Тема: перевод текстов с извлечением полной информации (изучающее чтение)

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The ¹_______ of the central bank are many and of a varied character. Firstly, in relation to the large number of commercial banks, it acts as a banker. It accepts ²_______ from, and extends loans to the banks in the country. The central bank is, therefore, rightly called bankers’ bank. Secondly, the ³_______ bank is the lender of the last resort, i.e., in any emergency, if the banks of the country are not in a position to extend credit to the genuine borrowers, the central bank must come to the assistance of the money market and save it from a crisis. Thirdly, the central bank is the ⁴_______ of the Government. When the Government needs loans for its current requirement for short periods, the central bank is obliged to extend credit to the Government.

a) deposits

b) central

c) functions

d) banker

 

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Merchant or investment ¹_______ act as intermediaries between investors and private or ²_______ concerns seeking medium to long-term funds, often acting as underwriters for an issue of ³_______. Increasingly they have played a fundamental role in advising on mergers and acquisitions, and on management buy-outs. In the United Kingdom, some of the longest established and best-known ⁴_______ banks are still privately owned.

a) banks

b) shares

c) merchant

d) public

 

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You should plan to ¹_______ both a checking and savings account at the same bank, simply because it will be more convenient for you. For example, if you have a ²_______ account and a checking account in the same bank, you can often telephone and ask to transfer funds from your saving account to your ³_______ account. Interests rates on saving and checking accounts vary from bank of bank. Investigate and compare ⁴_______ banks and their rates of interests on accounts before you decide where to open an account.

a) checking

b) open

c) various

d) savings

 

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Retail ¹_______ are often referred to as ²_______ banks. In addition to conventional banking ³_______, such as the provision of checking accounts, they deal in foreign exchange, issue credit cards, provide investment and tax advice, and ⁴_______ financial products such as insurance. In the United Kingdom the biggest retail banks (by assets) are Barclays Bank, National Westminster Bank, Midland Bank, Abbey National Bank and Lloyds Bank.

a) sell

b) banks

c) services

d) commercial

 

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¹_______ are organizations that carry out the business of banking, taking deposits and then using those deposits to make loans. In essence, a bank ²_______ to make a profit by paying depositors a lower rate of interest than the rate the bank charges borrowers. In accounting terms, deposits are considered liabilities (because they have to be repaid), and loans are considered assets.

Banks in most countries are supervised by a ³_______ bank, such as the Bank of England in the United Kingdom, the Bundesbank in Germany, the Federal Reserve System in the United States and Central Bank in Russia.

There are many ⁴_______ types of bank, and the banking structure varies from one country to another.

a) different

b) banks

c) central

d) aims

 

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Apart from lending and borrowing, the banks also ¹_______ some other functions of minor importance. For example, many ²_______ maintain safe deposit vaults. If you hired a vault on an annual ³_______ of a certain rent, you could keep your valuable articles there under lock and key. The bank also performs some ⁴_______ like acting as a trustee, or as a custodian of property belonging to a minor and so on. It charges a small fee for rendering these services.

a) banks

b) perform

c) payment

d) functions

 

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The banks no doubt perform very ¹_______ functions. They collect small savings of depositors and make them available for investment in trade. They also create ²_______ in the form of credit, and offer financial assistance for genuine business purposes. The banking system will become dangerous to the society, only if it fails to maintain the confidence of depositors. The bank should also keep some investments liquid enough to be cashed at any time, to meet emergencies, and the central bank should always try to ³_______ the commercial banks in times of their difficulties. If these precautions are maintained, the banking ⁴_______ will be very useful in the economic life of a country.

a) important

b) system

c) help

d) money

 

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The banks in their ¹_______ form gradually evolved in England, where the ²_______ men used to deposit their cash and other valuables with the goldsmith for safe custody. These goldsmiths learnt out of experience, that out of the total deposits, hardly more than ten per cent were withdrawn by the depositor on any day. Therefore, if they had kept about ten per cent reserve cash to meet the ³_______ from the depositors, they would have loaned the remaining amounts to borrowers earning interest out of these loans. This gradually became a regular practice and they started paying a small interest to depositors to ⁴_______ more deposits. Out of this system the modern institution of Banking developed.

a) rich

b) attract

c) modern

d) demands

 

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The bank has become a characteristic institution of ¹_______ economic life. The business of the bank is to accept deposits from the public and lend money to businessmen. The ²_______ thus deal in debts. They are debtors to all depositors, and if someone borrows from the bank, he or she will become a debtor to the bank. The banks ³_______ a small amount of interest – say about one to two per cent to the depositors, and charge about six to seven per cent from the borrowers. The difference is earned by the bank and out of it all administrative and other ⁴_______ are incurred.

a) pay

b) expenses

c) modern

d) banks

 

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Most banks have main offices in the ¹_______ of cities and towns, and also have smaller offices, called «branches», in other parts of the city or town, as well as in suburban locations. Banks are generally ²_______ Mondays through Fridays, usually from 9:00 a.m. to 17:00 noon.

Remember that banks are ³_______ businesses. They are all different and each wants to get your business. You should check with several banks to determine which bank offers the best ⁴_______ for your needs.

a) centre

b) services

c) private

d) open

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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What is a crystal? A crystal is a ¹_______ solid made by a natural process. Many substances absorb water from solutions when they crystallize; that is, they unite chemically with a definite proportion of ²_______. The water with which any substance unites during the process of crystallization is called the water of crystallization.

Certain ³_______ substances, for example, washing soda, give up their water of crystallization when they are exposed air; they are then reduced to ⁴_______. Substances that have this property are called efflorescent, and the process is called efflorescence.

a) powder

b) crystal

c) geometrical

d) water

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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This is the widest field of engineering, concerned with systems and devices that use ¹_______ power and signals. Among the most ²_______ subjects in the field are electric power and machinery, electronic circuits, control systems, computer design, superconductors, solid-state electronics, robotics, lasers, ³_______, consumer electronics, and fibre optics.

Electrical engineering can be divided into four ⁴_______ branches: electric power and machinery, electronics, communications and control, and computers.

a) electric

b) radar

c) main

d) important

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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Scientists have recently come to believe that ¹_______ in solutions and liquid mixtures behave very much as they behave in gases, ²_______, and solids. For instance, when two substances, such as sugar and water, are combined by dissolving, the particles of the solvent divide the particles of the solute, and the two kinds of particles then ³_______ freely. This is a ⁴_______ solution.

a) true

b) molecules

c) liquids

d) mix

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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Everyone knows that tea is the most popular drink in Britain. It’s even more popular than ¹_______, which is favoured throughout Europe and America. The Dutch brought the first tea to Europe in 1610. But it was not until 1658 that the first ²_______ for tea appeared in a London newspaper. At that time a pound of the cheapest tea cost about one-third of a skilled worker’s weekly ³_______. Tea was guarded by the lady of the house and kept in special containers, often with a lock and carefully doled out by the teaspoon. By 1750 tea had become the principal ⁴_______ of all the classes in Britain. Later, tea-drinking developed into a fashionable social ritual. Tea parties were popular at home and soon the ritual of “afternoon tea” was firmly established.

a) advertisement

b) coffee

c) wages

d) drink

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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Dinner time is generally between six and eight p.m. The evening meal is the biggest and the main meal of the day. Very often the whole family eats ¹_______. They begin with ²_______, followed by fish, roast chicken, potatoes and vegetables, fruit and coffee.

On Sundays many families have ³_______ lunch consisting of roast chicken, lamb or beef with salads, vegetables and gravy.

The British enjoy tasting delicious food from other countries, for example, French, Italian and Chinese food. Modern people are so busy that they do not have a lot of time for cooking ⁴_______. So, the British buy the food at the restaurant and bring it home already prepared to eat.

a) themselves

b) soup

c) traditional

d) together

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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The two substantial meals of the day are lunch and dinner. ¹_______ is usually taken at one o’clock. For many people lunch is a quick meal. Office ²_______ usually go to a café at this time. They take fish, poultry or cold meat (beef, mutton, veal and ham), boiled or fried potatoes and all sorts of salad. They may have ³_______ or steak and chips followed by biscuits and a cup of coffee. Some people like a glass of light ⁴_______ with lunch. Pubs also serve good, cheap food. School children can have a hot meal at school. Some of them just bring a snack from home.

a) a mutton chop

b) Lunch

c) workers

d) beer

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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There are uncountable combinations of atoms. For example, 4 carbon atoms combine with 10 ¹_______ atoms to make up a butane molecule. A glucose molecule is made from 6 carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and 6 oxygen ²_______. Cellulose, the principal molecule in the plant cell walls and also in wood, paper, ³_______, and many other materials, is a chain that can include up to 12,000 glucose molecules. A sugar molecule is made from carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms grouped in specific positions. When these same atoms are grouped in different positions they can form alcohol or starch. The different proportions and positions of the atoms produce the ⁴_______ forms of matter.

a) cotton

b) atoms

c) hydrogen

d) different

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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Americans eat a lot. They have three meals a day: breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Most of Americans don’t eat at home but prefer to go to restaurants. They can choose from many kind of ¹_______. There is a great number of ²_______ restaurants in the USA. Italian, Chinese and Mexican food is very popular. An American institution is the fast food restaurant, which is very ³_______ but not very healthy.

However there are some principles of American cuisine.

Americans drink a lot of ⁴_______ and soda; eat a lot of meat, fruits and vegetables, not much bread.

a) restaurants

b) convenient

c) ethnic

d) juices

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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Robert Stephenson, the son of George Stephenson was a British ¹_______ engineer. He is mostly well-known for the construction of several notable ²_______.

He was born in 1803. He was educated in Newcastle and at the University of Edinburgh. In 1829 he assisted his father in ³_______ a locomotive known as the Rocket, and four years later he was appointed construction engineer of the Birmingham and London ⁴_______, completed in 1838.

Stephenson built several famous bridges, including the Victoria Bridge in England, the Britannia Bridge in Wales, two bridges across the Nile in Egypt and the Victoria Bridge in Montreal, Canada.

a) bridges

b) constructing

c) Railway

d) civil

 

(Техника и естествознание)

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The electrical system in a car can have either a positive or a negative ¹_______. In both systems, the battery leads and terminals must be connected ²_______.

In a car with a positive earth, the positive terminal must be connected to the car body. The negative terminal must be connected to the electrical ³_______.

In a car with a negative earth, the positive terminal must be connected to the electrical system. The negative terminal must be connected to the ⁴_______ body.

a) earth

b) correctly

c) car

d) system