Industry-specific metrology standards

In addition to standards created by national and international standards organizations, many large and small industrial companies also define metrology standards and procedures to meet their particular needs for technically and economically competitive manufacturing. These standards and procedures, while drawing in part upon the national and international standards, also address the issues of what specific instrument technology will be used to measure each quantity, how often each quantity will be measured, and which definition of each quantity will be used as the basis for accomplishing the process control that their manufacturing and product specifications require. Industrial metrology standards include dynamic control plans, also known as “dimensional control plans”, or “DCPs”, for their products.

In industrial metrology, several issues beyond accuracy constrain the usability of metrology methods. These include:

1. The speed with which measurements can be accomplished on parts or surfaces in the process of manufacturing, which must match the TAKT Time of the production line.
2. The completeness with which the manufactured part can be measured such as described in High-definition metrology,
3. The ability of the measurement mechanism to operate reliably in a manufacturing plant environment considering temperature, vibration, dust, and a host of other potential hostile factors,
4. The ability of the measurement results, as they are presented, to be assimilated by the manufacturing operators or automation in time to effectively control the manufacturing process variables, and
5. The total financial cost of measuring each part.

UNIT 9

JOB HUNTING

 

I. Language

Exercise 1. Read and memorize the following words and word combinations:

Job hunting	Пошук роботи
Job application	Анкета
Job applicant	Кандидат на посаду
Job opening	Вакансія
Job title	Назва посади
Bonus	Премія
Reference	Рекомендація
Supervisor	Начальник
Subordinate	Підлеглий
Employer	Роботодавець
Length of service	Стаж роботи
Job interview	Співбесіда
Working conditions	Умови роботи
Discharge/fire	Звільнити
Fringe benefits	Пільги на роботі
Employment	Працевлаштування
Curriculum vitae	Коротка біографія
Classified	Об’ява про прийом на роботу
Cold calling	Холодне продзвонювання
To hire	Наймати на роботу
discontent	Невдоволений
Internship	Практика, стажування

Exercise 2. Arrange the following words in pairs according to opposite meaning (antonyms):

Employer, revenue, detailed, satisfied, public, senior, to hire, to discharge, brief, loss, private, junior, discontent, employee.

 

Exercise 3. Arrange the following words in pairs according to the similar meaning (synonyms):

Opening position, pressure, duty, experimental period, length, experienced, vacancy, a piece of work, promising, obligation, skillful, negotiations, advantage, tension, prospective, job, term of probation, talks, strength, duration.

 

II Reading

Exercise 4. Read and translate the text A.

Job Hunting

 

Job hunting or job seeking is the act of looking for employment, due to unemployment or discontent with a current position. The immediate goal of job seeking is usually to obtain a job interview with an employer which may lead to getting hired. The job hunter or seeker typically first looks for job vacancies or employment opportunities. Common methods of job hunting are:

• using a job search engine

• looking through the classifieds in newspapers

• using a private or public employment agency or recruiter

• finding a job through a friend or an extended business network or personal network

• looking on a company's web site for open jobs it's trying to fill

It is expected the job seekers will have done a reasonable amount of research into the employers. Some basic information about an employer should be collected first before applying the organization's positions, including full name, locations, web site, business description, year established, revenues, number of employees, stock price if public, name of chief executive officer, major products or services, major competitors, strength as well as challenges.

With all of the resources available on the Internet, expand the research into the employer to discover if the employer's operation is healthy and likely to continue to prosper. If an employer's financial situation is shaky, new employees are often the first one out the door when a cut back occurs. Contacting as many people as possible is the best way to find a job.

One can also go and hand out résumés or Curriculum Vitae to prospective employers. Another recommended method of job hunting is to use cold calling or emailing to companies that one desires to work for and inquire to whether there are any job vacancies.

After finding a desirable job, they would then apply for the job by responding to the advertisement. This may mean emailing or mailing in a hard copy of your résumé to a prospective employer. There is no one correct way to write a résumé but it is generally recommended that it be brief, organized, concise, and targetedto the position being sought. With certain occupations, such as graphic design or writing, portfolios of a job seeker's previous work are essential and are evaluated as much, if not more than the person's résumé. With most other occupations, the résumé should focus on past accomplishments, expressed in terms as concretely as possible (e.g. number of people managed, amount of increased sales or improved customer satisfaction).

Once an employer has received your résumé, they will make a short list of potential employees to be interviewed based on the resume and any other information contributed. During the interview process, interviewers generally look for persons who they believe will be best for the job and work environment. The interview may occur in several rounds until the interviewer is satisfied and offers the job to the applicant.

In different countries, different conventions apply to the process of job applications and interviews. In most parts of the world, it's common to submit a typed or laserprinted CV (curriculum vitae — British English) or resume (American English). This contains all the unchanging information about you: your education, background and work experience. This usually accompanies a letter of application, which in some countries is expected to be handwritten, not word-processed. A supplementary information sheet containing information relevant to this particular job may also be required, though this is not used in some countries

Many companies expect all your personal information to be entered on a standard application form

Unfortunately, no two application forms are alike, and filling in each one may present unexpected difficulties. Some personal departments believe that the CV and application letter give a better impression of candidate than a form.

There are different kinds of interviews: traditional one-to-one interviews, panel interviews where one or more candidates are interviewed by a panel of interviewers and even 'deep-end' interviews where applicants have to demonstrate how they can cope in actual business situations. The atmosphere of interview may vary from the informal to the formal and interviewers may take a friendly, neutral or even hostile approach. Different interviewers use different techniques and the only rules that applicants should be aware of may be 'Expect the unexpected' and 'Be yourself!’

Progress interviews are interviews where employees have a chance to review the work they are doing and to set objectives for the future. Such interviews usually take place after a new employee has working with a company for several months, and after that they may take place once or twice a year.

There are several types of jobs, including full-time long-term regular jobs, internship, or contract jobs.

III Language