yasmin yato yena ca yasya yasmai

yasmin yato yena ca yasya yasmai

yad yo yathā kurute kāryate ca

parāvareṣāṁ paramaṁ prāk prasiddhaṁ

tad brahma tad dhetur ananyad ekam

Brahman is the supreme cause, ever existing, of all lower and higher causes, in which, from which, by which, of which, unto which everything occurs, who does everything, and who is the desired object of all action. Brahma alone, and nothing else exists. 

“But if you say that material forms are not the svarūpa of the Lord, then the Lord is incomplete.” Locative case (yasmin) ablative case (yataḥ), instrumental case (yena), possessive case (yasya), dative case (yasmai), accusative case (yat), and nominative case (yah) are all used to express everything in relation to the Lord. It is Brahman who does everything and in whom, from whom, by whom, of whom, unto whom, everything is done. By seven words seven grammatical cases are related to the Lord are expressed. Yathā indicates indeclinables used to express relationships with the verb. Kurute and kāryate indicate actions for the self and for others. Ca indicates affixes used to form words. All of this is Brahman. Why? He is the cause of all of them. How is that? Brahman has always existed. “Brahman and other things are said to be causes. Are inferior things also seen as causes?” Brahman is the supreme cause of all causes higher and lower. “Though Brahman is the final cause, does Brahman have some assistance?” No, Brahman is alone (ekam), not dependent on anything else. “How can Brahman be called the only cause since one hears of time, māyā, jīva, and karma being the cause of the universe, and one hears of the eternal existence of the nine spiritual energies, the three spiritual energies and their actions, the associates of the Lord and his expansions like Vāsudeva and Saṅkarṣaṇa?” Nothing else exists except the Lord (ananyat). They are all the Lord, because the energies arise from his svarūpa. His expansions like Vāsudeva are his aṁśas, and time, jīva and māyā are also his śaktis, but they do not arise from his svarūpa.

|| 6.4.31 ||