Инфинитивные, причастные и герундиальные обороты

THE INFINITIVE, PARTICIPIAL AND GERUNDIAL CONSTRUCTIONS

Инфинитивные обороты

Признаки распознавания определительных инфинитивных оборотов

1 … to be xed/       после существительного	ОПРЕДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫЙ инфинитивный оборот	Определительным придаточным предложением Который будет, должен, может делаться
2 the (first, second, third, etc) to x	… первым (и т. д.) кто (с)делал, делает, будет делать

 

The measurements to be analyzedshould be accurate enough.

Измерения, которые будут (должны, могут) анализироваться, должны быть достаточно точными.

 

I. Find the attributive infinitive constructions. Give the Russian equivalents of the following structures with the infinitive. Use the word «делать» instead of the infinitive, «кто» instead of the subject.

To 1 is, The x can 2, The x to be 3ed is, The x will 4, The x begins to 5, The x is the second to 6, The x was xed to 7, The x is the first to 8, The x xs the x to 9, The x to be 10 was, The x is too x to 11, To 12 is, The x may 13, The x shall 14, The x starts to 15, The x is the third to 16, The x is xed to 17, The x is the fourth to 18.

 

II. Find the attributive infinitive constructions. Give the Russian equivalents of the following parts of sentences:

1) an important issue to be discussed was; 2) there is a research to be held; 3) a new device model to be tested attracted; 4) there were the thesis figures to be calculated; 5) the project elements to be studied carefully are; 6) the engine to be repaired urgently was; 7) the research results to be covered at the conference were; 8) a new approach to be applied in the experiment found out; 9) the system bugs to be fixed were; 10) the chemical reactions to be evaluated are; 11) was the first to realize the difficulty of the situation; 12) is the second to invent this device.

III. Find the attributive infinitive constructions, and give their features. Define the place and the sequence of the translation.

1. The plan of our work will be discussed at the meeting to be held on May 25. 2. The devices to be weighted were brought to the station. 3. The metal to be poured into a mold for casting may contract or expand on solidifying. 4. Не was the first to apply the new method of work. 5. Nearly all refrigerators to be used at home are based upon the principle that the rapid evaporation of a liquid or the expansion of a gas produces cooling. 6. For the experiment we need several electric devices to be connected in series. 7. He described the device to be usedin all modern systems. 8. The apparatus to be assembledis very complicated. 9. Lodygin was the first to inventthe electric lamp. 10. The measurements to be madeshould be accurate enough.

 

IV. Give the Russian equivalents, of the following groups of words and word combinations. Define their similarities and differences:

a) to be in demand, to be a success, to be costly;

b) is/are found, is/are expected, is/are taken, is/are reported;

c) comparatively, daily, highly, likely/unlikely.

 

V. Match each English word from the left column with the correct Russian equivalent:

to estimate, estimated, estimation, to reinforce, reinforcement, reinforced

оценка, усиливать, оценивать, усиленный, оцененный, усиление

VI. Arrange in pairs the words with а) similar meaning, b) contrary meaning:

a) requirements, vital, to have, to fabricate, to alloy, to calculate, to compute, essential, to manufacture, characteristics that are needed, to possess, to mix metals;

b) inert, lighter, useful, unimportant, stronger, difficult, expensive, useless, simple, vital, active, cheap.

 

VII. In the text of task VIII find a word derived from the verb to resist. Give other derivatives of this verb.

 

VIII. Read the text and find the answer to the question: What metals used by ancient people were the first ones?