VI. Match each English word or word combination with the correct Russian equivalent.

destination	предоставлять
ensure	запрос
node	маршрут
occur	невзирая на
provide	принимать (сигнал)
receive	место назначения
regardless of	происходить, случаться
request	компонент
route	гарантировать
unit	узел (устройство, подключённое к сети)

VII. In the text of task VIII find the word derived from the verb to transmit. Give other derivatives of this verb and give their Russian equivalents.

VIII. Read the text and choose the most suitable title:

A. The History of the Internet.

B. Data Transmission on the Internet.

C. Internet Protocols.

 

1. The Internet (or simply the Net) is a worldwide system, or network, of computers. It got started in the late 1960s. Back then it was called ARPAnet, named after the Advanced Research Project Agency (ARPA). When people began to connect their computers into ARPAnet, the need became clear for a universal set of standards, called a protocol, to ensure that all the machines «speak the same language». All the Internet activity consists of computers «talking» to one another. This occurs in machine language. However, the situation is vastly more complicated when data goes from one place to another through a single computer.

2. On the Internet, data must often go through several different computers to get from the transmitting or source computer to the receiving or destination computer. These intermediate computers are called nodes, servers, hosts, or Internet service providers. Millions of people are simultaneously using the Net; the most efficient route between a given source and destination can change from moment to moment, as signals always try to follow the most efficient route.

3. If you are connected to a distant computer, say a machine at the National Hurricane Center, the requests you make of it and the data it sends you are broken into small units called packets. Each packet coming to you has your computer’s name written on it. But not all packets necessarily travel the same route through the network. Ultimately, all the packets are reassembled into the data you want, say, the infrared satellite image of a hurricane, even though they might not arrive in the same order they were sent. A file cannot be completely reconstructed until all the packets have arrived and the destination computer has ensured that there are no errors.

4. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) is now the standard format for transmitting data in packets from one computer to another on the Internet and various other networks. TCP/IP was originally developed by the United States Department of Defense for computers using the UNIX operating system, but it is now used by every computer, regardless of operating system, on the Internet. TCP defines how data are transferred across the Internet to their destination. IP defines how data are divided into chunks, called packets, for transmission; it also determines the path each packet takes between computers.

IX. Read the text and find the answers to the questions below.

1. What is used to transmit information between different computer systems?

2. What stages should data pass to get to a destination computer?

3. When can a file be completely reconstructed on the way to a distant computer?

4. What is TCP?

5. What is the difference between TCP and IP?

X. In each passage find the sentences revealing the main idea.

XI. Compress these sentences by deleting extra information. Give a short summary of the text using these compressed sentences.

XII. Translate passage 3 into Russian.

Итоговый тест

I. Выберите предложение(я), в которых that употребляется в функции союзного слова.

1. That same year Skype also became the foundation of the social network Facebook's video chat service.

2. Because of the digital nature of VoIP, call quality is normally much higher than that of a standard telephone.

3. Another advantage is that VoIP frequently costs less than standard telephone and long-distance service.

4. Wireless-enabled devices are able to connect to the Internet when they are near areas that have Wi-Fi access.