Purpose: studying of the main objectives when designing CTS

Plan of a lecture:

1. Task of synthesis of CTS

2. Tasks of the analysis of CTS

3. Task of calculation of CTS

4. Task of optimization of CTS

 

Before to start a material statement, it is necessary to determine that designing belongs to a comprehensive concept. In fact, designing designates creation of the project, i.e. plan of future changes. Thus, under this concept not only creation of the new productions and reconstruction existing, and also upgrade of the operating productions since any changes on production shall be followed by creation of the project documentation regardless of whether there is a replacement of a part of the technological scheme or installation of the additional line of the pipeline gets. With respect thereto, the concept the project will have a number of versions, requirements to each of which are accurately determined in the corresponding regulating documentation.

Each CTS project shall contain:

1. Technological topology of CTS (technological topology call nature and an order of connection of separate devices to the technological scheme);

2. The ranges of changes of values of entrance variables which physical parameters of entrance flows of raw materials, and also environment parameters influencing process of functioning of CTS are;

3. Ranges of changes of values of the CTS technological parameters (extent of transformation, extent of separation of components, constants of speeds of chemical reactions, coefficients warm and mass transfers, etc.);

4. CTS constructional parameters (sizes of devices, heights of layers of a nozzle, etc.);

5. Recommended parameters of a technological operating mode of the CTS elements (temperature, pressure, catalyst types, etc.);

6. Parameters of the technological flows ensuring functioning of CTS in the set mode (temperatures, pressure, expenses, structure of flows, etc.).

To receive the parameters stated above it is necessary to solve a number of problems of synthesis of CTS, the analysis of its structure, calculation and optimization.

The task of synthesis of CTS is generally formulated as follows:

Elements of which the system, raw materials and target products can be constructed are known. In case of the solution of a task of synthesis it is required to develop the structure of CTS required for implementation of engineering procedure i.e. it is necessary to choose elements from among available; to establish connection between them; to determine design and technological data of the CTS elements.

Usually the task of synthesis is multiple, i.e. the same values of output parameters can be provided in case of various structure of system and the different modes of functioning of elements. It should be noted that the task of synthesis has features for designing of new production (CTS) and for reconstruction of existing. The essence of differences is that during creation of new CTS usually there are many opportunities of the choice of elements and communications between them, and in case of reconstruction of CTS it is required to keep everything or a part of its elements, and also all or a part of communications between elements.

Tasks of the analysis of CTS are subdivided into the analysis of structure of CTS and the analysis of quality of functioning of CTS.

The main objective of the analysis of structure of CTS consists in detection of its structural features and finding of the optimum sequence of calculation of its elements, and the purpose of the analysis of quality of functioning of CTS – receipt of quantitative estimates of its main properties: sensitivity, reliability, stability, etc.

The task of calculation of CTS consists in receipt of quantity characteristics both the modes of functioning of the CTS elements, and all system.

The task of optimization of CTS is complex since it includes both optimization of structure, and optimization of the modes of functioning of elements. A main objective of optimization of CTS is providing the highest technical and economic rates.

In conclusion it should be noted that between tasks of synthesis, the analysis, calculation and optimization there is an interrelation since during creation new or reconstruction of the existing production at first synthesis of several alternative options of CTS is carried out, it is analyzed their technical and economic indicators, and then search of an optimal variant is run.

 

Test questions.

1. List the main objectives when designing CTS.

2. Explain the purposes of tasks and communication between them.

 

Theme 3. SYNTHESIS of CTS