Complete the following sentences as in the text

1 Maple sugar is produced by boiling off…………………………..

2 Honey is more concentrated……………………………….

3 When you eat or drink a food……………………………………..

4 All natural sugars……………………………………………….

5 Glucose is known as the ………………………………………..

6 The body prefers this source……………………………………

TEXT 2. “VITAMINS.”

Vitamin A was first discovered in butter, egg yolk, fish liver oil, and green vegetables. It stimulates growth and aids in general well-being. Vitamin A occurs as such in animal foods. It also occurs in certain vegetables as carotene or provitamin A, a bright yellow pigment which the body changes to vitamin A. This vitamin is stable to heat and, since it is a fat-soluble substance, does not dissolve to any appreciable extent in water. But it is not stable to light, especially ultra-violet light. Foods which are rich in vitamin A are butter, cheese, cream, eggs, fish oil, fruits, liver, milk.

Vitamin D The antirachitic or “sunshine” vitamin, called “stored sunshine” in food. The storage is due to the presence of ergosterol, a fat-like substance in food, which is called a provitamin D, and under direct exposure to the sun or to ultra violet light for short daily periods, this substance is converted into vitamin D within the body. Unlike most of the other vitamins, this one is not easily destroyed and is stable to heat, alkalis, aids, and oxidation. Vitamin D is essential for the development and maintenance of bones and teeth. Yeast contains ergosterol which can be irradiated by ultra-violet light and thus transformed into vitamin D. Sources of vitamin D are: butter and egg yolk, fish liver oil, oily fish.

Vitamin E affects reproductions and fertility growth, muscle tone and the condition of the nervous system. It has also a function in preventing the destruction of other foods through oxidation. Head does not easily destroy it, but ultra-violet light does. Since it is fat-soluble, water does not dissolve it is easily oxidized. The best sources of vitamin E are the vegetable oils, butter, eggs, green leaves and liver.

Vitamin K is necessary for normal clotting of the blood. Heat has little effect upon vitamin K and, like the other fat-soluble in water. Foods rich in vitamin K cabbage, can liflower, fish liver. Ascorbic acid, know as vitamin C is the least stable of all the vitamins. It oxidized readily, and in the presence of heat, alkali, and oxygen, oxidation goes on rapidly. Ascorbic acid is water-soluble. The best sources of this vitamin include: citrus fruits, peppers, strawberries, vegetables, tomatoes.

Ex.1. List of words.

Yolk-желток

Liver-печень

To occur-случаться

To stimulate-усиливать, стимулировать

Growth-рост

Stable-стойкий, хлев

Heat-накаляться

Soluble-растворимый

To dissolve-растворяться, разлагаться

Appreciable-заметный, значительный

Extent-степень, мера, размер

Storage-хранение

Exposure-выставление, подвергание

To convert—превращать,преобразовывать

Alkali—щелочь

Oxidation-окисление

Maintenance-содержание, поддержание

Yeast-дрожжи

To irradiate-освещать,облучать

Fertility-плодородие

Destruction- уничтожение, разрушение

Clot-сгусток,сворачиваться

Ex.2. Comprehension Check.

1. What kinds of food was vitamin A discovered in?

2. What sorts of food are rich in vitamin A?

3. What does yeast contain?

4. What is vitamin D essential for?

5. Which vitamin affects reproductions and fertility growth, muscle tone and the condition of the nervous system?

Ex. 3. Give 3 forms of the following verbs.

To discover, to stimulate, to dissolve, to destroy, to affect, to have, to know, to go, to be, to include.

Ex. 4. Underline the word that does not go with the others.

1. food, egg yolk, cream, polite.

2. Alkali, growth, oxygen, oxidation.

3. Essential, important, significant, empty.

Ex.5. Retell the Text “Vitamins’.

 

TEXT 3. “A Passion for chocolate”

Chocolate originally comes from South America. The first European to try chocolate was Hernan Cortes, in Mexico in 1519 at the Aztec court of Montezuma. For a century, it was a secret drink known only in Spain. After that it became expensive, so only rich people could enjoy it. Then in 1847 a British company, Fry & Son, produced the first chocolate bar, and that was the beginning of the “chocolate revolution”.

Today chocolate is enjoyed all over the world, but most of us don't know very much about it – we just eat it!

And sometimes our passion for chocolate can be fatal!

Death by chocolate

A courtier of Louis XIII died after his lover gave him a cup of poisoned chocolate. After drinking it he said to her, “Don't forget, next time you offer a gentleman chocolate, put in a little more sugar. That will help to hide the taste of the poison”.

Ex.1 List if words

1. chocolate- шоколад

2. european- европейский

3. Mexico ['meksikou]- Мексика

4. South America- Южная Америка

5. court [co:t]- (royal) двор

6. secret drink- тайный,секретный напиток

7. expensive- дорогой

8. enjoy- наслаждаться

9. produce- проивводить

10. chocolate bar- плитка шоколада

11. passion- страсть

12. fatal ['feitl]- фатальный, роковой, смертельный (смертелен)

13. courtier ['ko:tier']- придворный

14. poison ['poizn]- n. яд, отрава, vt. отравлять

15. offer- предлагать

16. put in- ставить, помещать

17. to hide- прятать

Ex.1(a).Read and complete the article with the past participles of these

Verbs.