Exercise 9. What disease is described?

Heart attack, atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes, hypertension, pneumonia, obesity

 

a)	high pressure (tension) in the arteries;
b)	a medical condition when a patient has too much body fat;
c)	an inflammation of one or both lungs which is usually caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi;
d)	a process of progressive thickening and hardening of the artery walls as a result of fat deposits on their inner lining;
e)	chest discomfort that occurs when there is decreased blood oxygen supply to an area of the heart muscle;
f)	a chronic condition associated with abnormally high levels of sugar (glucose) in the blood;
g)	the death of heart muscle from the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot;
h)	inflammation of the gall bladder due to bacterial infection or the presence of gallstones.

 

Exercise 10. Fill in the table “Myocardial Infarction”:

	Definition
	Causes
	Symptoms
	Risk factors for recurrent MI
	Examinations
	Treatment

 

Exercise 11. Read the passage on heart transplantation and fill in the gaps with appropriate prepositions:

After, in, for, as, to, of, from

 

One of the most important advances ….. heart surgery during the 1960s was the transplantion of the health heart immediately ….. the death of an individual (the donor) ….. a recipient suffering ….. incurable heart disease. In the 1980s new advances in the design and construction ….. an artificial heart – both the entire organ and such parts as the valves and large blood vessels – showed some promise in treating cardiovascular disease. The artificial heart has often been used …… a temporary measure until a permanent human donor heart can be located. In addition, it is often unclear how long the recipient will have to wait ….. a donor.

 

Exercise 12. Re-write sentences opening the brackets:

Last year the patient Green, aged 65, (to admit) to the hospital with acute chest pain. He (to experience) shortness of breath and pain that (to radiate) to the left arm. The doctor immediately (to suspect) a heart attack and (to make) the patient (to take) an ECG. The diagnosis (to confirm) by the abnormal reading of the ECG. The blood analyses (to reveal) a number of cardiac enzymes. The cardiologist (to administer) his patient an adequate treatment. To relieve pain he (to give) nitroglycerin. Fortunately, the patient (not to have) any complications, because the doctor’s help (to be) prompt and thorough. Very soon patient Green’s condition (to improve).

 

Exercise 13. Put questions to the underlined words:

1. A myocardial infarction is also known as a heart attack.

2. A MI means the death of heart muscle.

3. A MI is caused by the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by a blood clot.

4. Coronary arteries supply the heart muscle with blood and oxygen.

5. Blockage of a coronary artery deprives the heart muscle of blood and oxygen.

6. The onset of symptoms in myocardial infarction is usually gradual.

7. Acute severe infection, such as pneumonia, can trigger myocardial infarction.

8. In MI pain radiates most often to the left arm.

 

Завдання для самостійної роботи студентів (СРС)

I. Перекладіть та вивчіть наступні словосполучення: 1. постачати кров та кисень 2. пошкодження сердечного м’язу 3. відчуття тиснення 4. висока частотність сердечних нападів 5. обмеження споживання тютюну та алкоголю 6. сильний грудний біль 7. печія та нетравлення шлунку 8. відчувати слабкість та нездужання 9. розрив атеросклеротичної бляшки 10. серцева недостатність   II. Дайте відповіді на наступні питання: 1. What is a myocardial infarction? 2. What does the blockage of the coronary artery cause? 3. What are all possible symptoms of MI? 4. What diagnostic tests are used to detect heart muscle damage? 5. What should people do to decrease the risk of a recurrent myocardial infarction?   III. Розкрийте поняття терміну:інфаркт міокарду

Test

1. What is meant by the term myocardial infarction?

a) a heart failure b) a heart attack c) brain aneurism d) all variants are correct

 

2. During the myocardial infarction the heart muscle …

a) recovers b) doesn’t change c) dies d) nothing occurs with it

 

3. The heart attack is caused by the sudden blockage of a coronary artery by …

a) a blood clot b) an aneurism c) a cholesterol plaque d) tiny amount of oxygen

 

4. Blockage of a coronary artery deprives the heart muscle of …

a) carbon dioxide b) water c) oxygen d) oxygen and blood

 

5. Injury to the heart muscle causes …

a) vomiting b) chest pain c) fever d) headache

 

6. The high rate of heart attacks is most frequently associated with …

a) gastric ulcers b) depression c) physical exertion and stress d) smoking

 

7. Any acute infection, e.g. pneumonia, can also … a myocardial infarction.

a) trigger b) prevent c) avoid d) escape

 

8. Heavy alcohol consumption and cigarette smoking greatly … to IM.

a) contribute b) deprive c) prevent d) serve

 

9. The symptoms in MI are always …

a) vague b) clear c) unnoticed d) sometimes vague, sometimes clear

 

10. Heart attacks producing no symptoms can be …

a) life-threatening b) safe c) secure d) mild

 

 

ISCHAEMIC HEART DISEASE

 

Exercise 1. Topic vocabulary:

alternative, adj	[ɔ:l 'tə:nativ]	перемінний, змінний
angina, n	[æn 'ʤаɪnə]	стенокардія, грудна "жаба"
angiogram, n	['ænʤɪəʊgræm]	ангіограма (рентгенограма після ангіографії)
atherosclerosis, n	[æθərəusklə(ɪə) 'rəusis]	атеросклероз
bypass, n	['baipa:s]	обхід, шунтування
cholesterol, n	[kə 'lestərɔl]	холестерин
electrocardiography, n	[ɪ 'lɛktrəʊ 'kɑ:dɪəʊɡrɑ:(æ)fɪ]	електрокардіографія
hypercholesterolaemia, n	[haɪpəkəlɛstərɒ 'li:mɪə]	підвищений вміст холестерину в крові
hyperlipidaemia, n	[ˎhaɪpəˎlɪpɪ 'di:mɪə]	підвищений вміст жирів у крові
ischaemic, adj	[ɪ 'ski:mik]	ішемічний
percutaneous, adj	[pə:kju 'teiniəs]	черезшкірний
scintigraphy, n	[sɪn 'tɪɡrəfɪ]	сцинтіграфія
sequential, adj	[si 'kwenʃəl]	послідовний, неперервний

 

Exercise 2. Read and learn the following word combinations. Translate the sentences into Ukrainian:

1. reduced blood supply - зменшене кровопостачання

As the existing cholesterol plaque decreases the lumen of the blood vessel, the person may experience reduced blood supply to the heart and complain of oppression behind the sternum.

2. decreased tolerance - знижена переносимість

Unfortunately, the patient didn't express decreased tolerance to lidocaine and was transferred to the intensive care unit.

3. rapidly worsening - той, який швидко погіршується

All the surgical procedures had been performed, the patient's condition was rapidly worsening.

4. coronary bypass surgery - шунтування коронарних судин

Coronary bypass surgery is a surgical procedure performed to relieve angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease.