Change the Tense of the verb in Present Perfect. Измените форму глагола на Present Perfect.

1. The students are writing a test. ______________________________________________________

2. My friend is helping me to solve a difficult problem.

_________________________________________________________________________________

3. She is telling them an interesting story. _______________________________________________

4. I am eating my breakfast. __________________________________________________________

5. We are buying milk for milk shakes. _________________________________________________

 

3. Translate the following sentences into English using the Present Perfect Tense. Переведите следующие предложения на английский язык, используя the Present Perfect Tense.

1. Ты когда-нибудь был в Америке? _________________________________________________

2. Я уже подготовился к тесту. ______________________________________________________

3. Мы их только что видели. ________________________________________________________

4. Он все сделал для нее. ___________________________________________________________

5. Мы уже видели этот фильм и готовы его обсудить. ___________________________________

 

А. Cardinal numbers. Количественные числительные

379 – three hundred and seventy nine, 5,084 – five thousand and eighty-four

2,000 000 – two million, 2,567 – two thousand five hundred and sixty seven,

450,000 – four hundred and fifty thousand, 5,000,000 – five billion

There is no plural after hundred, thousand, million and billion when they are part of a number.
When we are talking more generally, they can be plural, e.g. thousands of people; millions of insects.

E.g.: There are thousands of books in the library (B библиотеке тысячи книг).

 

В. Ordinal numbers and dates. Порядковые числительные и даты

Порядковые числительные в английском языке образуются при помощи добавления определенного артикля -the – и окончания -th – к количественному числительному:

e.g.: six – the sixth, seven – the seventh

Но следует запомнить следующие порядковые числительные:

One – the first, two – the second, three – the third, five – the fifth

One problem with dates is that we write them and say them in a different way.

Запомните, как произносятся даты в английском языке!

We write 4 January (or 4th January), but say the fourth of January or January the fourth. We write
21 May (or 21st May), but say the twenty-first of May or May the twenty-first. 1997 = nineteen ninety-seven 2003 = two thousand and three

 

REMEMBER HOW TO PRONOUNCE THE DATES!

1993 – Nineteen ninety three

1903 – Nineteen oh three

2000 – The year of 2 thousand

2008 – The year of 2 thousand and eight

Fractions and decimals. Дроби

1 1/4 = one and a quarter	1.25 = one point two five
1 1/2 = one and a half	1.5 = one point five
1 3/4 = one and three quarters	1.75 = one point seven five

 

Percentages. Проценты

26 % is spoken as twenty-six per cent.

More than 50 % of something is the majority of it; less than 50 % is the minority.

Больше 50 % чего-либо – это большинство, менее 50 % чего-либо – это меньшинство.

 

Arithmetic. Арифметические действия

There are four basic processes. Notice how they are said when we are working out (= calculating) the answer.

 

+ = addition сложение	e.g.	6 + 4 = 10 (six plus/and four equals/is ten)
- = subtraction вычитание	e.g.	6-4 = 2 (six minus four equals/is two)
x = multiplication умножение	e.g.	6 x 4 = 24 (six times/multiplied by four equals/is twenty-four)
: = division деление	e.g.	8: 2 = 4 (eight divided by two equals/is four)

 

Some people are not very good at mental arithmetic (= arithmetic in your mind without paper) and often get stuck (= have a problem) if they have to work something out. The easiest way is to use a calculator (= small electronic machine for working out numbers).

Некоторые люди не умеют считать в уме и часто испытывают в этом трудности. Самый легкий способ – воспользоваться калькулятором.

 

Saying '0'. Как произносить ‘0’

This can be spoken in different ways in different contexts:

Telephone numbers: 567 23 03 – five six seven two three oh three.

Mathematics: 0.3 – nought point three;

5.03 – five oh three = five point nought three.

Temperature: -5 degrees = five degrees below zero = minus five degrees;

+5 degrees = five degrees above zero = plus five degree.

 

Match the words with the numbers.

Eighth, eleventh, fifth, first, ninth, second, seventh, sixth, tenth, third, twelfth

1^st, 2^nd, 3d, 4^th, 5^th, 6^th, 7^th, 8^th, 9^th, 10^th, 11^th, 12^th

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. Write the words for the following numbers.

13^th ______________________ 17^th _______________________20^th _________________________

21^st ________________________ 22^nd __________________________ 23^rd ___________________

27^th _________________________ 30^th ______________________

 

 

II. Topic “Shops and Shopping”

 

Topical vocabulary

chemist’s/pharmacy – аптека

grocer’s – бакалея

duty – free shop – беспошлинный магазин

baker’s – булочная

household appliances – бытовая техника

newsstand – газетный киоск

food store – гастроном

delicatessen – деликатесы

pet shop – зоомагазин

stationary – канц. товары

bookshop – книжный магазин

candy store/confectioner’s – кондитерская

butcher’s – мясная лавка

greengrocer’s – овощи, фрукты

arcade – пассаж

gift shop – подарки

fishmonger’s – рыбный магазин

cash & carry – мелкооптовый рынок

sports shop – спорттовары

shopping centre/ mall – торговый центр

department store – универмаг

supermarket – универсам

florist’s – цветы

jeweler’s – ювелирный магазин

 

1. Read and translate the text. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

 

Going shopping

 

When we want to buy something we go shopping. We need food products every day. So we take money and go to the nearest shops to buy everything we need.

Most often we buy bread and milk products. We buy milk, butter, cheese, cream at a dairy. We buy bread at the baker’s. If we need sugar, salt, tea, sweets, coffee we go to the grocer’s. We buy meat at the butcher’s. When we want to eat some fruits and vegetables we go to the greengrocer’s. There we can buy potatoes, tomatoes, cucumbers, carrots, cabbage, onions and other vegetables. We pay the money for the products we buy at the cash-desk.

From time to time we buy clothes, shoes, coats, hats and so on. For that purpose we go to a department store. It is a big shop with many departments.

 

Notes to the text:

To gо shopping – ходить в магазин за покупками (устойчивое словосочетание), см.также: to gо swimming, to go skiing, etc. Но: to do the shopping –делать покупки.

Milk, butter, cheese, etc. – все неисчисляемые вещественные имена существительные в английском языке употребляются без артикля.

A cash-desk – касса (в магазине); сравните: a booking-office – касса (железнодорожная),
a box – office – касса (театральная).

From time to time – время от времени.