CNC lathe/CNC turning center

CNC lathe are rapidly replacing the older production lathes (multispindle, etc.) due to their ease of setting and operation. They are designed to use modern carbide tooling and fully utilize modern processes. The part may be designed by the Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) process, and once set and trialled the machine will continue to turn out parts under the occasional supervision of an operator. The machine is controlled electronically via a computer menu style interface. The setter/operator needs a high level of skill to perform the process.

The design of a CNC lathe has evolved again with the basic principles and parts still recognizable: the turret holds the tools and indexes them as needed. With the advent of cheap computers, free operating systems such as Linux, and open source CNC software has plummeted.

For work requiring extreme accuracy (sometimes holding tolerances as small as a few tenths of a thousandth of an inch), a Swiss-style lathe is used. This lathe holds the workpiece with both a collet, and a guide bushing. The collet sits behind the guide bushing, and the tools sit in front of it. To cut lengthwise along the part, the tools move in and the material itself moves back and forth along the Z axis. This style of lathe is also available with CNC controllers to further increase of its versatility.

Most CNC Swiss-style lathes today utilize two spindles. The main spindle is used with the guide bushing for the main machining operations. The secondary spindle is located behind the part, aligned on the Z axis. In simple operations it picks up the part as it is cut off and accepts it for second operations, then ejects it into a bin, eliminating the need to have an operator manually change each part, as is often the case with standard CNC turning centers. This makes them very efficient, as these machines are capable of fast cycle times, producing simple parts in one cycle. This makes them ideal for large production runs of small-diameter parts.

 

Speaking:

1. Divide the text into some meaningful parts, giving the proper title to each of them.

2. Render the text, using the following phrases:

a) the text gives information about…

b) it is believed that …

c) it is worth mentioning that …

d) it is interesting to know …

e) the advantage of CNC turning is…

Appendix II

ТЕСТ № 1

III СЕМЕСТР

 

I. Какое слово нельзя употребить во фразе

Mechanical engineer should possess a lot of prominent (чертами, характеристиками).

a. traits; b. characteristics; с. modes; d. features.

П. Какое слово не относится к синонимическому ряду со значением

1) иметь дело с чем-либо; 2) быть занятым чем-либо

a. to be busy with; b. to be engaged in; с. to do business; d. to concern with.

III. Замените подчёркнутое слово синонимом

Engineer of any qualification is in charge of good work of equipment.

a. is busy with; b. deals with; с. is responsible for; d. is good at.

IV. Завершите предложение соответствующим словом по смыслу

The engineer has at his command many new … (источники энергии).

a. working units; b. sources of power; с power reserves; d. automatic machinery.

V. Образуйте множественное число слова datum - данные

a. datums b. date c. dates d. data

VI. Закончите предложение

The work of the engineer requires... (аналитического склада ума).

a. mentality; b. creative thinking;

с. analytical thinking; d. analytical frame of mind.

VII. Каким словом нельзя заменить подчёркнутое в предложении

The objective of engineering education and training is to prepare good specialists.

a. purpose; b. claim; с aim; d. goal.

 

VIII. Замените подчёркнутое слово наиболее близким синонимом

In the UK universities the emphasis has been done on engineering science.

a. stress; b. note; с attention; d. notice.

IX. Выберите вариант перевода, соответствующий следующему предложению

A lot of things are to be done in engineering improvement.

a. Много вещей делается для усовершенствования техники.

b. Многое сделано для усовершенствования техники.

c. Многое должно быть сделано для усовершенствования техники.

d. Для усовершенствования техники сделали многое.

X. Подберите английский эквивалент слову, данному в скобках

1. Ancient (мастера) discovered metals and learnt to refine them.

a. skilled men; b. craftsmen; с masters; d. qualified workers.

2. In ancient times all hard works were done (с помощью) slave labour.

a. with the help of; b. by means of; с.through; d. on the account of.

3. Earlier water was the most (распространённым) source of power.

a. expanded; b. known; с. used; d. widespread.

4. In the result of rapid expansion of scientific knowledge a lot of new branches of engineering (появилось).

a. appeared; b. emerged; с. sprung up; d. came.

5. The work of engineer requires (творческих) ability and working knowledge.

a. art; b. thoughtful; с creative; d. careful.

6. Because of the large number of engineering (областей) today there are many different proliferations.

a. branches; b. fields; с areas; d. spheres.

Ключи

 

I. с	П. с	III. с	IV. b	V. d
VI. d	VII. b	VIII. a	IX. с	X. 1-b 4-b 2-b 5-c 3-d 6-b

 

 

ТЕСТ № 2

IV CEMECTP

 

I. Выберите слово, подходящее данному в скобках по смыслу

The work of an engineer (требует) creative ability and practical knowledge.

a. needs; b. demands; с. requires; d. obliges.

II. Какое слово нельзя употребить во фразе

Each head engineer should be able to combine (вклад, достижение) made by all other disciplines.

a. contributions; b. achievements; с. results; d. demands.

III. Какое слово не относится к синонимическому ряду со значением

1) заниматься чем-либо; 2) иметь дело с чем-либо

a. to deal with; b. to be engaged in; с to concern with; d. to train.

 

IV. Выберите правильный вариант перевода предложения

Mechanical engineering resulted in many newer specialities.

a. Механика стала результатом многих новых специальностей.

b. В результате развития механики возникли многие новые специальности.

c. Механика дала толчок многим новым специальностям.

d. Многие новые специальности стали результатом развития механики.

V. Замените подчёркнутое слово синонимом

The growth in the number of specialities is continuing with the development of mechanical engineering.

a. proliferations; b. qualifications; с. occupations; d. subdivisions.

VI. Завершите предложение соответствующим словом по смыслу

Engineer dealing with building structures and construction are called (инженерами гражданского строительства)

a. industry engineers; b. military engineers;

с. building engineers; d. civil engineers.

 

VII. Образуйте множественное число слова basis - основа, основание

a. bases; b. basises; с. base; d. basez.

VIII. Каким словом нельзя заменить подчёркнутое в предложении

Without ancient skillful toolmakers modern engineering could not evolve.

a. spring up; b. appear; с. emerge; d. be born.

IX. Подберите английский эквивалент слову, данному в скобках

1. James Watt was one of (ключевых) figures in the early development of steam engines.

a. main; b. prominent; с.key; d. important.

2. James Watt (придумал, создал) the concept of horse-power.

a. thought of; b. devised; с. developed; d. created.

X. Закончите предложение

The education and training of engineers must support and develop closer.... (взаимоотношения)

a. relations; b. attitudes; с. relationship; d. ties.

XI. Замените подчёркнутое слово наиболее близким синонимом

It is recognized that it is impossible to cover all the subjects which an engineer may find useful in a lifetime.

a. to insert; b. to involve; с. to include; d. to compose.

XII. Подберите английский эквивалент слову, данному в скобках

1. In some countries much of the lecturing is provided by staff from (соответствующей) industry.

a. corresponding; b. proper; с. appropriate; d. relative.

 

2. Modern engineer (вносит вклад) to design, construction and machinery.

a. makes a contribution; b. contributes; с. enables; d. helps.

3. Mechanical engineer may be engaged in the (разработку, создание) of new production processes.

a. creation; b. working out; с.designing; d. development.

Ключи

I. с	II. b	III. d	IV.d	V. b	VI. d
VII. a	VIII. a	IX. 1 – с 2 – b	X. d	XI. с	XII. 1 – с 2 – a 3 – d

FINAL TEST

A. Preparation for the single European market, meeting industry's demands for welding new materials and making high technology products easy to use, are just some of the themes upon which leading exhibitors will be basing their presentations at Weldex exhibition. The Britain's premier event for welding and cutting technology, is to be held at the National Exhibition Centre, Birmingham, UK.

B. Weldex is not merely a technological statement about the current status of welding equipment; it also provides an insight into materials trends in the fabrication industry. The application of high technology to industrial equipment such as welding power sources does not necessarily imply complexity of operation. Making high technology easy to use will be the theme of Migatronic Welding Equipment Ltd. Ease-of-use is a concept which extends to the company's other products.

C. Product development needs to be at the forefront of the overall business plan of any manufacturing company even in times of difficult trading conditions. Esab (название компании) will be using Weldex to display all the latest developments in its welding and cutting technology – the result of a carefully structured Rand D programme. A company totally dedicated to welding and cutting, Esab aims to offer technological solutions to all sectors of the fabrication industry.

D. Additionally, the company is able to provide welder training from its welding school situated in the heart of the UK. This facility provides a wide range of craft training in all aspects of welding. Weldex will feature the equipment, materials and services of more than 300 suppliers representing 15 different nations. Special features at Weldex include the new High Tech and Learning Centres and the Education and Training Centre.

I. Прочтите текст и ответьте на вопрос

What technologies will be presented at the Weldex exhibition?

a. of industrial equipment; с of new materials;

b. of welding equipment; d. of welding and cutting.

II. В каком образце говорится о подготовке специалистов-сварщиков:
А, В, С, D?

III. О какой цели выставки не упоминается в тексте

a. to meet industry's demands for welding new materials;

b. to display all the latest developments;

c. to provide welder training;

d. to sell new equipment and technology.

IV. Выберите предложение, соответствующее содержанию текста

a. The application of high technology to industrial equipment implies complexity of operation.

b. The application of high technology is connected with complexity of operation.

с. The application of high technology results in complexity of operation.

d. The application of high technology does not imply complexity of operation.

V. Определите время сказуемого в предложении

Making high technology products easy to use are the themes upon which leading exhibitors will be basing their presentations.

a. Future Indefinite Active; с. Future Perfect Continuous Active;

b. Future Continuous Active; d. Future Indefinite Passive.

 

VI. Определите -ing form глагола to make в предложении

Making high technology easy to use will be the theme of the exhibition.

a. причастие I; с. герундий;

b. существительное; d. отглагольное существительное.

VII. Определите функцию глагола to be в предложении

Exhibition for welding and cutting technology is to be held at the National Exhibition Centre.

a. глагол-связка; с. заменитель модального глагола;

b. смысловой глагол; d. вспомогательный глагол.

VIII. Сравните предложения и определите способ образования слова «feature»

Weldex will feature the equipment. Special features at Weldex include the education and training centre.

a. словосочетание; с. словосложение;

b. конверсия; d. суффиксальный.

 

IX. Какое слово не относится к синонимическому ряду со значением «удовлетворять потребности»

a. to meet needs; с. to meet necessities;

b. to meet demands; d. to meet requirements.

X. Подберите английский эквивалент слову, данному в скобках

■

1. All the companies will use Weldex to show their new (разработки) in welding technology.

a. improvements; c. developments;

b. fabrication; d. designs.

2. The Britain's (главный) event will be Weldex exhibition.

a. main; с. major;

b. the first; d. premier.

XI. Завершите предложение в соответствии с содержанием текста

This facility provides a wide range of....

a. teaching; с. expert study;

b. skill training; d. craft training.

Ключи

I. d	II. D	III. d	IV. d	V. b	VI. с
VII. с	VIII. b	IX. с	X. 1-c 2-d	XI. d

Appendix III

Table of Irregular Verbs

Infinitive	Past Indefinite	Past Participle
arise	arose	arisen [ə′rIzn]	поднимать, возникать
be	was, were	been	быть
bear	bore	born	нести
become	became	become	становиться
begin	began	begun	начинать
bend	bent	bent	сгибать(ся)
bind [baInd]	bound [baund]	bound	связывать
blow	blew	blown	дуть, ударять
break	broke	broken	ломать
bring	brought	brought	приносить
build	built	built	строить
burn	burnt	burnt	жечь, гореть
burst	burst	burst	разразиться, взорваться
buy	bought	bought	купить
cast	cast	cast	лить (металл)
catch	caught	caught	ловить, поймать
choose	chose	chosen	выбирать
come	came	come	приходить
cost	cost	cost	стоить
cut	cut	cut	резать
deal	dealt	dealt	иметь дело
dig	dug	dug	копать
do	did	done	делать
draw	drew	drawn	тянуть, тащить
drive	drove	driven [drIvn]	ехать, управлять транспортом
dwell	dwelt	dwelt	обитать, проживать
fall	fell	fallen	падать
feed	fed	fed	подавать заготовку
feel	felt	felt	чувствовать
fight	fought	fought	бороться, сражаться
find	found	found	находить
flee	fled	fled	бежать, спасаться
fly	flew	flown	летать
forbid	forbade	forbidden	запрещать
forget	forgot	forgotten	забывать
freeze	froze	frozen	замерзать
get	got	got	получать
give	gave	given	давать
go	went	gone	идти, ходить
grind [graInd]	ground [graund]	ground	шлифовать
grow	grew [gru:]	grown	расти
hang	hung	hung	висеть
have	had	had	иметь
hear	heard	heard	слышать
hew	hewed	hewn	рубить, тесать
hide	hid	hidden [hIdn]	прятать(ся)
hit	hit	hit	ударять
hold	held	held	держать
keep	kept	kept	хранить
know	knew	known	знать
lay	laid	laid	класть, положить
lead	led	led	вести
learn	learnt	learnt	учить
leave	left	left	оставлять, покидать, уезжать, уходить
lend	lent	lent	давать в долг, кредитовать
let	let	let	разрешать, давать
lie	lay	lain	лежать
light	lit	lit	освещать
lose [lu:z]	lost	lost	терять
make	made	made	делать
mean	meant	meant	значить, означать, подразумевать
meet	met	met	встречать
mislead	misled	misled	вводить в заблуждение
mistake	mistook	mistaken	ошибаться
pay	paid	paid	платить
put	put	put	класть, ставить
read	read [red]	read [red]	читать
rebuild	rebuilt	rebuilt	перестраивать
ring	rang	rung	звонить
rise	rose	risen [rIzn]	подниматься, течь, управлять
run	ran	run	бежать
saw	sawed	sawn	пилить
say	said	said	говорить, сказать
see	saw	seen	видеть
seek	sought	sought	искать
sell	sold	sold	продавать
send	sent	sent	посылать
set	set	set	устанавливать
show	showed	shown	показывать
shrink	shrank	shrunk	сокращать, сжиматься, давать усадку
shut	shut	shut	закрывать
sink	sank	sunk	опускаться, погружаться
sit	sat	sat	сидеть
sleep	slept	slept	спать
slide	slid	slid	скользить
speak	spoke	spoken	говорить
speed	sped	sped	ускорять
spend	spent	spent	тратить
spoil	spoilt	spoilt	портить
spread	spread	spread	распространять(ся)
spring	sprang	sprung	возникать, вскакивать
stand	stood	stood	стоять
strike	struck	struck	бить, ударять
string	strung	strung	натягивать
strive	strove	striven [strIvn]	стараться
sweep	swept	swept	мести, сметать
swell	swelled	swollen	вздуваться
swim	swam	swum	плавать
swing	swung	swung	качаться, раскачивать(ся)
take	took	taken	брать
teach	taught	taught	учить, обучать
tear	tore	torn	рвать, разрывать
tell	told	told	рассказывать
think	thought	thought	думать
throw	threw	thrown	бросать, кидать
thrust	thrust	thrust	толкать
understand	understood	understood	понимать
undertake	undertook	undertaken	предпринимать
upset	upset	upset	опрокидывать, расстраивать
wear	wore	worn	носить, изнашиваться
win	won [wʌn]	won [wʌn]	выигрывать, побеждать
wind [waInd]	wound [waund]	wound [waund]	заводить механизм, наматывать (витки)
withdraw	withdrew	withdrawn	выстаивать, выдерживать
wring [rIη]	wrung [rʌη]	wrung [rʌη]	скручивать, сжимать
write	wrote	written	писать

Bibliography

 

1. Бгашев В.Н. Английский язык для машиностроительных специальностей вузов / В.Н. Бгашев. М.: Высш. школа, 1990. 416 с.

2. Ткачева Л.Б. Деловой английский: учеб. пособие / Л.Б. Ткачева, Л.И. Воскресенская. Омск: Изд-во ОмГТУ, 2001. 146 с.

3. Ткачева Л.Б. Перевод английской научно-технической литературы /
Л.Б. Ткачева, Л.К. Кондратюкова, Л.И. Воскресенская. Омск: Изд-во ОмГТУ, 2003. 139 с.

4. Cutting Tool Engineering Magazine. April, 2005, vol.57, No 4.

5. Zui, E. M. “Structural Steel Design”. Structural Engineering Handbook. Boca Raton: CRC Press LLC, 1999. 107 p.

6. http://www.1911 encyclopedia.org/Metal-Work

7. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand_tools

8. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punch_(metalworking)

9. http://ru.wikipedia.org/Нартов

10. http://www.encspb.ru/en (History)

11. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_ (manufacturing)

12. http://www.metalcastingzone.com/

13. http://www.cniim.com/eng/davlen.html.

14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welded

15. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutting tool_ (Metalworking)

16. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milling cutter

17. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angle_grinder

18. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cermet

19. www.mashinery.com.

20. http://www.eFunda.com/processes/metal_processing/ic.cmf

21. http://www.sme.org/cgi-bin/find-articles

22. file://A:\viewArticle_unattended_tool_ grinding.htm

23. http://www.answers.com/topic/machine-tools-metal-cutting types

24. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/milling_machine

25. http://www.cniim.com/eng/davlen.html

26. Мюллер В.К. Большой англо-русский словарь / В.К. Мюллер. М.:
Издат. дом Рипол Классик. М., 2006. 831 с.

27. Современный англо-русский политехнический словарь. Modern English-Russian Polytechnical Dictionary. M.: Изд-во Вече, 2003. 512 с.

28. The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English. London, Oxford University Press. 1527 c.

29. Merriam Webster’s Collegiate. Dictionary. Tenth edition. Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Springfield, Massachusetts, USA. 1557 p.

Contents

Introduction: Topic: Qualification of Mechanical Engineer…………………	p. 3
Section I. Mechanical Engineering Specialities…...………………………...	p. 6
Section II. Mechanical Engineering Components…………………………...	p. 12
Section III. Hand Tools…………………………….………………………...	p. 17
Section IV. Mechanical Tools ………………...…………………………….	p. 22
Section V.The History of Lathes Emergence..……………………………..	p. 29
Section VI. The Structure of Lathes………………………………………...	p. 35
Section VII. Technological Processes of Metal Hot Treatment..……………	p. 41
Section VIII. Technological Processes of Metal Cold Treatment ………......	p. 47
Section IX. Development of New Materials…………………………………	p. 51
Section X.Modern Machining Methods……..……………………………...	p. 57
Section XI.Unattended Tool Grinding…………………………………........	p. 61
Appendix I: Additional Texts……………………………………………….	p. 65
Appendix II: Tests in Vocabulary and Grammar……………………………	p. 73
Appendix III: Table of Irregular Verbs……………………………..……….	p. 78
Bibliography…………………………………………………………………	p. 82

 

 

Редактор Т.А. Москвитина

Компьютерная верстка – Т.А. Бурдель

Дизайн обложки – Л.И. Воскресенская

 

ИД № 06039 от 12.10.2001

 

Свод. темплан 2010 г.

 

Подписано к печати 16.03.2010. Бумага офсетная. Формат 60×84 1/16.

Отпечатано на дупликаторе. Усл. печ. л. 5,25. Уч.-изд. л. 5,25.

Тираж 100 экз. Заказ 194.

^{_______________________________________________________________________________________________}

Изд-во ОмГТУ. 644050, г. Омск, пр. Мира, 11, т. 23-02-12

Типография ОмГТУ