Grammar Focus: The Definite Article The with Geographical Names and Places

We use the with: the names of rivers(theNile), seas(the Black Sea), oceans(the Pacific), canals (the Panama Canal), groups of islands(the Canary Islands), mountain ranges (theAlps), countrieswhen they include words such as state, Kingdom, republic (the United Kingdom) and the names or nouns with ‘of ’(the Leaning tower of Pisa) NOTE: theequator, the North/South Pole, the North of England, thesouth/west/north /east	We don’t use the with: the names of countries (Italy but: the Netherlands, theLebanon, theSudan, the Vatican City), cities(Paris), streets (Oxford Street, but: theHigh Street, the Strand, the Mall, theLondon Road, theA19, theM6 motorway), squares(Trafalgar Square), bridges (Tower Bridge), parks(Hyde Park), railway stations(Victoria Station), mountains (Ben Nevis), individual islands (Tahiti), lakes (Lake Geneva), continents(Africa)
the names of cinemas (theRex), hotels(the Carlton), theatres (theGlobe), museums (the British Museum), galleries(the Tate Gallery), newspapers/magazines (theTimes butTime magazine), ships (the Mary Rose), organizations (the EU).	two-word names when the first word is the name of a person or a place(Gatwick Airport, Windsor Castle but: theWhite House)
names of pubs, restaurants, shops, banks and hotels named after people who started them and end in –s or ‘s (Lloyds Bank, Harrods, Dave’s Pub but:the Red Lion (pub)

4. Complete the sentences with the correct article.

Use a or the. If no article is necessary, write –.

Example: The statue stands on an island in – New York Harbor.

1. … Statue of … Liberty was … gift to … United States from … people of … France.

2. Over … years … France and … United States had … special relationship.

3. In … 1776 … France helped … American colonies to gain … independence from … England.

4. … French paid for … statue.

5. … American people paid for … pedestal.

6. We saw…. Buckingham Palace and …. Houses of Parliament on our tour yesterday.

7. … British Museum and … Louvre hold the collections of art treasures.

8. We’ll get off at … Waterloo Station.

5. Work in pairs. a) Look for main ideas andcircle the letter of the best answer.

1. The Statue of Liberty is a famous statue in ….

a. France b. The United States

2. The Statue of liberty was a gift ….

a. form the people of France to the USA

b. from Laboulaye and Eiffel to the USA

3. The Statue of Liberty symbolizes ….

a. a woman with a torch b. land of freedom

b) Look for details andcircle T if the sentence is true or circle F if the sentence is false.

1. Twelve people can stand inside the torch of the Statue of Liberty. T F

2. The United States helped France to gain its independence in 1776. T F

3. Alexander Eiffel was among the guests at Laboulayes’s house. T F

4. Frederic Auguste Bartholdi was a French engineer. T F

5. Alexander Eiffel figured out how to make the statue stand. T F

6. Americans designed the pedestal for the statue. T F

6. Discuss the answers to these questions with your group-mates.

1. What other famous statues or monuments can you think of?

2. When we think of New York, we think of the Statue of Liberty and the Empire State Building. List five other cities and the buildings, statues, and places they make you think of.

3. Do you have any famous statues or monuments in your country? What are they?

Description Tips

To describe a place, a building or a monument

a) first, you should give the name and location of the place, building or monument and the reason for choosing it; b) second, you should describe the main aspects of the place, building or monument in detail – for example what you can see and do there, the exterior and the interior and the historical facts about it, tell who built the house or erected the monument; c) then give your comments/feelings/ recommendations.

MODULE 4 SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

UNIT 8 GREAT SCIENTISTS

Focus: Vocabulary Study: verbs to discover and to invent; science (general notion)

Focus: Great Scientists: Ernest Rutherford; Zhores Alferov – Nobel Prize Winner