Can, could, may, might, should, must

• must/mustn't is stronger that should/shouldn't:

You must take your passport when you travel abroad, (obligation)

/ think it's going to rain. You should take an umbrella, (advice)

5. Write the sentences, choosing one of the modals:

1 We are leaving tonight, so you (should/must) buy a ticket for the flight. – We are leaving tonight, so you must buy a ticket for the flight.

2 (May/Might) I come in?

3 David (can/could) cook well when he wants to.

4 'Do you think it (can/might) rain?'

'Yes, possibly. We don't want to get wet so I think we (should/must) take our raincoats.'

5 Jenny tried to carry him but she {can't/couldn't).

6 We (can/might) visit my cousin in Australia next year but we don't know yet.

7 In many countries, you {should/must) wear a seat belt in the car - it's the law.

8 (Can/May) you hold this for me, please?

9 I know they enjoy their work but they (shouldn't/'mustn't) work at the weekends. It's not good for them. I think they (should/must) spend time at home with their families.

10 The letter (can/may) arrive tomorrow.

6. Complete the sentences with can, could, may, might, should or must in the positive or negative:

1 Richard's only three but he can swim very well.

2 You've had that headache for two days. I think you … go to the doctor.

3 I don't think we … go to the beach because it … rain this afternoon.

4 I lived in Germany as a child so I … speak German then but I … speak it now.

5 You … remember to take your passport tomorrow.

6 … you close the door, please?

7 We … move house next year but we're not sure yet.

8 Passengers … smoke when the plane is taking off.

9 I think you … play tennis with Sally - she … play really well.

10 'Do you think I … learn some Portuguese before I go to Brazil?'

'Yes, that would be a good idea.'

11 We … remember to pay this bill before the weekend - it's very important. If we don't, we'll have no electricity.

12 I know you like sugar but you … eat quite so much - it's bad for you.

13 I'll be at work on Saturday so I'm afraid I … come to the football match with you.

14 I was listening very carefully but I … hear what she said.

15 They don't like living in the countryside - it's too quiet. I think they … move back to the city but they don't agree.

UNIT 11

FAMILY

Pre-Reading task: Have you got a family of your own or do you live with your parents? How far is family important for you?

Marriage is a thing which only a rare person in his or her life avoids. True bachelors and

spinsters make up only a small percent of the population; most single people are “alone but not

lonely”. Millions of others get married because of the fun of family life. And it is fun, if one takes a sense of humour. There is a lot of fun in falling in love with someone and chasing the prospective fiancee, which means dating and going out with the candidate. All the relatives (parents, grandparents and great-grand-parents, brothers and sisters, cousins, aunts and uncles, nieces and nephews, stepmothers and stepfathers and all in-laws) meanwhile have the fun of criticizing your choice and giving advice. The trick here is not to listen to them but propose to your bride-to-be and somehow get her to accept your proposal. Then you may arrange the engagement and fix the day of the wedding.

What fun it is to get all those things, whose names start with the word “wedding” – dress, rings, cars, flowers, cakes, etc.! It’s great fun to pay for them. It’s fun for the bride and the groom to escape from the guests and go on a honeymoon trip, especially if it is a wedding present from the parents.

The guests remain with the fun of gossiping whether you married for love or for money. It’s fun to return back home with the idea that the person you are married to is somewhat different from the one you knew. But there is no time to think about it because you are newly-weds and you expect a baby. There is no better fun for a husband than taking his wife to a maternity home alone and bringing her back with the twins or triplets. And this is where the greatest fun starts: washing the new-born’s nappies and passing away sleepless nights, earning money to keep the family, taking children to kindergarten and later to school. By all means it’s fun to attend parent’s meeting and to learn that your children take after you and don’t do well at school.

The bigger your children grow, the more they resemble you outwardly and the less they display likeness with you inwardly. And you start grumbling at them and discussing with your old friends the problem of the “ generation gap ”. What fun!

And when at last you and your grey-haired spouse start thinking that your family life has calmed down, you haven’t divorced but preserved your union, the climax of your fun bursts out! One of your dearest off-springs brings a long-legged blonde to your house and says that he wants to marry. And you think: ‘Why do people ever get married?’

VOCABULARY

marriage - супружество; замужество; женитьба

bachelor – холостяк

spinster - старая дева

single people – не состоящие в браке или в отношениях люди

“alone but not lonely” – “свободные, но не одинокие”

to get married - вступить в брак (жениться/выйти замуж)

family life – семейная жизнь

to fall in love - влюбиться

fiancée - невеста

to date - ходить на свидания, встречаться

to go out – ходить куда-то, бывать в обществе

relatives - родственники

parents - родители

grandparents – бабушка и дедушка

great-grand-parents - прабабушка и прадедушка

cousin - двоюродный брат, кузен; двоюродная сестра, кузина

aunt – тетя

uncle - дядя

niece - племяница

nephew - племянник

stepmother - мачеха

stepfather - отчим

in-laws - родственники со стороны жены, мужа

to propose to smb – сделать кому-то предложение

bride-to-be - невеста

proposal - предложение

to fix the day – назначить день (свадьбы)

wedding - свадьба

bride – невеста (на свадьбе)

groom – жених (на свадьбе)

honeymoon trip – свадебное путешествие

wedding present – подарок на свадьбу

to marry for love/for money - жениться/выйти замуж по любви/из-за денег

to be married to smb – состоять в браке с кем-то, быть женатым на ком-то/быть замужем за кем-то

newly-weds – молодожены

to expect a baby – ждать ребенка

husband - муж

wife – жена

maternity home – родильный дом

twins – близнецы

triplets – тройняшки

new-born - новорожденный

nappies - пеленки

to keep the family – содержать семью

kindergarten – детский сад

to attend parent’s meeting – посещать родительское собрание

to take after you – пойти в/быть похожим на вас

to do well at school – хорошо учиться в школе

to resemble smb – быть похожим на кого-то

to grumble at smb - жаловаться на что-то

“generation gap” - конфликт поколений, проблема отцов и детей

spouse – супруг(а)

to divorce - развестись

to preserve your union – сохранить ваш союз

off-spring - отпрыск, потомок

1.Brain Teaser

Note the names we give to the various members of our family. Each of the fourteen people below is married to one of the others. From the information you are given, find out who is married to whom. Note there are three generations here.

Alan is Caroline’s nephew and Larry’s cousin.

Barbara is Larry’s mother and Maggie’s sister-in-law.

Caroline is Edward’s daughter and Maggie’s sister-in-law.

David is Gordon’s brother-in-law and Alan’s uncle.

Edward is Ingrid’s grandfather and Maggie’s father-in-law.

Fanny is Caroline’s mother and Alan’s grandmother.

Gordon is Helen’s son-in-law and Nigel’s brother-in-law.

Helen is Barbara’s mother-in-law and Larry’s grandmother.

Ingrid is Gordon’s niece and David’s daughter-in-law.

John is David’s father and Gordon’s father-in-law.

Karen is Gordon’s daughter-in-law and Maggie’s daughter-in-law.

Larry is John’s grandson and David’s son.

Maggie is Larry’s aunt and Fanny’s daughter-in-law.

Nigel is Ingrid’s father and Fanny’s son-in-law.

2. Fill in suitable words:

1. Your aunt’s son is your …. 2. Your father’s father is your …. 3. My sister’s son is my …. 4. His sister’s daughter is his …. 5. My mother’s brother is my …. 6. Your mother’s sister is your …. 7. Your father’s brother is your …. 8. Your uncle’s daughter is your …. 9. Your brother’s wife is your …. 10. Your sister’s husband is your …. 11. Your husband’s mother is your …. 12. Your mother’s mother is your …. 13. Your mother’s brother-in-law is your …. 14. Your sister’s son is your …. 15. Your brother’s daughter is your ….

3. Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete the sentence below:

1. Mrs Jones had ….

a. trio b. a treble c. triplets

2. Mrs Vine had had … the week before.

a. quarts b. quads c. a quartet

3. Twins often seem to … a generation.

a. hop b. skip c. jump

4. There was a case of … twins in our town recently.

a. Japanese b. Chinese c. Siamese

5. There’s a … of twins in our family – on my father’s ….

a. story b. geography c. history

d. tree e. side f. line

6. I was … child, though.

a. an only b. a missing c. a single

7. All the members of our football team are related … marriage.

a. by b. to c. on

8. When Mother remarried, her second husband, my …, gave me a new bicycle.

a. forefather b. stepfather c. grandfather

9. He said to me, ‘Look, I know you’re not my own …, but let’s be friends.’

a. flesh and blood b. blood and guts c. skin and bones

10. My … originated from a tribe of Red Indians.

a. ancestors b. ancients c. antiques

11. Not many of my own … relatives are still alive.

a. blood b. skin c. heart

12. My … -grandfather fought at the Battle of Waterloo.

a. grand grand grand b. great grand grand c. great-great-great

13. My brother-in-law inherited. 500,000 in his uncle’s ….

a. will b. testament c. wishes

14. I was left.50 and a cat by … relative; I believe it was a … cousin – or perhaps it was a … aunt.

a. a distant b. an unclear c. a long-distance

d. double e. second f. dual

g. grand h. great i. large

15. Peter is an orphan; he was … at the age of two.

a. adjusted b. adapted c. adopted

16. Paul comes from a broken home; he has lived with a number of … parents.

a. loan b. foster c. second-hand

17. Mary was from a single-parent family; now she’s looked after by her ….

a. keeper b. warden c. guardian

18. I’m off to have Sunday lunch with my new … now.

a. outlaws b. by-laws c. in-laws