Read the dialogue and translate it.

The climate in England

Jane has come to visit Natasha who is recovering after the flu Natasha is much better now.

Jane: Hello, Natasha. You’re better now, I can see it myself.

Natasha: Oh, yes. I’m fine.

Jane: Well, and now you know that our climate is not as good as you imagined. It’s true that our winter is warmer than yours, but our summer is cooler too.

Natasha: But fortunately there are fewer rainy days here than I expected. Last summer in Moscow I had to use my umbrella more often than here now.

Jane: You’re just lucky. We are having less rain this summer than usual. And the temperature is a bit higher too. But still remember what I’ve said about the weather.

Natasha: I will. Especially when we go for a weekend to Bognor Regis. I think the winds are likely to be stronger there because it’s on the coast.

Jane: They may be stronger but they are warmer. The air is much cleaner there, as in every resort.

Natasha: That’s good. The air in London is not very clean, is it?

Jane: No, it’s not. Though it’s not so dirty as it used to be. Clean air is so important for people’s health!

Natasha: It certainly is.

Roleplay the dialogue.

6. Speak on:

1. Geographical situation, mountains, climate.

2. Industry.

3. London. Languages and educational centres.

4. Britain’s tourist attractions.

 

7. Use each of the following word combinations in sentences of your own:

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland

the UK

is made up of

England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland

islands

consist of

The North Sea

the Strait of Dover

the English Channel

the continent

is washed by

the Thames

mild

The Atlantic Ocean

the Gulf Stream

cool and rainy

developed

the capital city

commercial centre

educational centre

Oxford and Cambridge

Population

the official language

Welsh

Scottish

Retell the text.

 

POINT OF GRAMMAR

Plural Form of Nouns

Singular(one)	Plural (two or more)
a flower	some flowers
a week	six weeks
a baby	two babies
a nice place	many nice places

 

Spelling of plural endings:

-es after -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x,

bu s – bu ses,di sh – di shes, chur ch – chur ches,bo x – bo xes,

also: potato – potato es, tomato – tomato es

 

-y →-ies:

la dy – la dies, ba by – ba bies, par ty -par ties, dictiona ry - dictiona ries

but - ay → ays / - ey → eys /- oy → oys / - uy → uys

d ay -d ays, monk ey -monk eys, b oy -b oys, g uy -g uys

 

-f/-fe →-ves:

lea f – lea ves; wol f – wol ves; wi fe – wi ves

 

Exceptions: chief – chiefs, handkerchief – handkerchiefs, roof – roofs, safe – safes, kerchief - kerchiefs

 

The endings are pronounced:

1. [z] – desks, maps
2. [s] – shoes, hands, potatoes
3. [iz ] – classes, boxes, dishes

• These things are plural in English

scissors

glasses

trousers

jeans

shorts

pyjamas

tights

 

You can also say a pair of… with these words:

a pair of scissors

a pair of jeans

- I need a new pair of jeans

Irregular Plurals:

a man – men a woman – women a child – children a foot – feet a tooth – teeth a goose – geese a mouse – mice a louse – lice ox – oxen

a fish – fish a sheep – sheep a fruit – fruit a deer - deer

datum – data addendum – addenda erratum – errata memorandum – memoranda phenomenon – phenomena basis – bases crisis - crises

 

also: a person – two people / some people / many people

 

1. Write the plural:

flower - flowers man - men

woman umbrella address person boat sheep family language tooth holiday watch leaf sandwich country child city knife foot mouse pen trip office wall clock week dress day bus woman factory visitor fox language place shelf ship play party man key child.

2. Change the following nouns to the plural and transform the sentences:

1. Put the box on the shelf. 2. This is an English dictionary. 3. This story is very long. 4. The speech was very interesting. 5. A copy of the contract was sent to Saint-Petersburg. 6. This factory has a good laboratory. 7. Women and children were in the street. 8. I have the keys to these boxes. 9. This house has three windows. 10. There are five letters on his desk. 5. He had some visitors.

3. Paraphrase the following using the possessive case:

1. the wife of the teacher

2. the ball of the boy

3. a dress of a lady

4. the watch of my friend Peter

5. the opinion of a student

6. the library of my father

7. the sister of his wife

8. the question of the teacher

9. the coat of the boy

10. the exercise-book of the student

11. the social work of the students

12. the club of the workers

13. the rights of women

14. the house of my parents

15. the attention of the children

16. the distance of ten miles

17. the work of three days

18. the novels of H.Wells

 

4. Put in is or are:

1...... the shop open? 6 Where........ my camera? 11 Who....... those men?

2...... the shops open? 7 Where........ my glasses? 12 Who........ that woman?

3 My hands........ cold. 8 Where........ the children? 13 Who........ those people?

4 My nose........ cold. 9 Your coat........ dirty. 14 Mice........ small animals.

5 My feet........ cold. 10 Your jeans........ dirty. 15 Where........ the scissors?

5. Some of these sentences are right and some are wrong. Correct the sentences that are wrong. Write ' okay ' if the sentence is right.

1 She's a very nice person. okay

2 I need a new jeans. I need a new pair of jeans / I need some new jeans

3 I've got two brother and four sister……………………………………………...

4 It's a lovely park with a lot of beautiful tree……………………………………..

5 There are a lot of sheep in that field………………………………………………

6 Do you make many mistake when you speak English?.............................................

7 She's married and she has three childs……………………………………………….

8 Most of my friend are students……………………………………………………….

9 He put on his pyjama and went to bed……………………………………………….

10 We went fishing but we didn't catch many fish………………………………………

11 There were three persons in the car, two women and a man…………………….

12 I like your trouser. Where did you get it?.....................................................................

13 The town centre is usually full of tourist……………………………………………..

14 This scissor isn't very sharp…………………………………………………………..

6. Which is right? Complete the sentences:

1 It's a nice place. Many people go there for a holiday, (go or goes?)

2 Some people always late, (is or are?)

3 The president is not popular. The people like him. (don't or doesn't?)

4 A lot of people television every day. (watch or watches?)

5 Three people killed in the accident, (was or were?)

6 How many people in that house? (live or lives?)

7 the police carry guns in your country? (Do or Does?)

8 The police looking for the stolen car. (is or are?)

9 I need my glasses, but I can't find (it or them?)

10 I'm going to buy new trousers today, (a or some?)