University Education in the USA

1. Higher education in America is provided by colleges and universities. The main difference between a college and a university is that the latter is a collection of colleges each of which specializes in a different field.

2. American colleges and universities are either private or public. There are nearly 1900 institutes of higher learning in America. Roughly one-third is state institutions, 1,200 are private ones. Only about half of the school children graduate from high school in America and receive a high school diploma. College is getting more expensive every year. Not all American families can afford university education.

3. The American higher school offers a wide variety of courses. In the same school a student can specialize in economics, chemistry and physics, Latin and the humanities, or in automobile mechanics. During the four-year higher school program, the student studies four or five major subjects per year. In addition the students usually have classes in physical education, music and art. The first two years are a continuation of secondary education; then a student begins an intensive study of his special field. If a student fails a course, he repeats only that course and not the work of the entire year.

4. Students are classified as freshmen, sophomores, juniors and seniors. A freshman is a first year student; a sophomore, a second year student; a junior, a third year student; and a senior, a fourth year student. All students who have graduated from the senior class and who continue studies at a university are classified as advanced students or graduate students.

5. At the conclusion of studies a college or university grants a bachelor's degree; after one or two additional years of studies - a master's degree. The highest academic degree is the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD). It may take a number of years to complete the original research work necessary to obtain this degree.

6. The majority of college graduates have to apply to public or private employment agencies to get any job, which is not an easy thing.

Notes:

Is provided by – зд. осуществляется

Students are classified as – студентов подразделяют на…

 

10. Будьте готовы отвечать на вопросы по теме “Education in Russia, England and the USA”.

 

Примерные вопросы по зачетным темам

Education

1. Is education in GB compulsory from the age of 5?

2. At what age do pupils usually move from primary to secondary education?

3. What is the difference between selective and comprehensive education?

4. Define the following: nursery school, boarding school, grammar school.

5. What are the main differences between university courses in Britain and in our country?

6. Do you think education should he free? Are there advantages in a fee-paying system?

7. Do you think children should be tested at the ages of seven and eleven?

8. What are your views of boarding schools / single-sex schools?

9. How usual is it to go to university in Russia?

10. Is it difficult to enter a university?

11. Is university education necessary for professional jobs?

What other ways are there to get professional qualifications?

12. Is it easy to find a job for a college graduate in England? And in Russia?

13. What are the main problems in the education system in Russia?

14. What do you know about higher education in the USA?

15. What degrees can a person get, studying at American universities?

 

 

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 2

Задание 1. Переведите следующие глаголы на русский язык. Подчеркните в них суффиксы.

Образец выполнения:

to solid ify – затвердевать, становиться твердым

classify, evaporize, distinguish, characterize, lengthen, simplify, modify, deepen, dictate, purify, blacken, organize

 

Задание 2. Перепишите предложения, переведите их на русский язык, обращая внимание на оборот “there is (are), there was (were), there will be”. Подчеркните оборот.

Образец выполнения:

There is no rose without a thorn.

Нет розы без шипов.

1. Each year there will be fewer blue whales until they disappear forever.

2. There is no direct relation between comfort and the size of the room.

3. In Priamurye there are many trees that are valuable for their high quality wood.

4. There are squirrels, foxes, otters, minks in Priamurye.

5. There were many people in the room.

6. There are some causes of stress that will never go away.

 

Задание 3. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод глагола-сказуемого, выраженного временем Continuous, подчеркните его.

Образец выполнения:

Listen! Somebody is playing the violin.

Послушайте! Кто-то играет на скрипке.

1. Zoos are doing something that is very important. They are working to have keep some types of animals to survive.

2. People are trying to save animals by creating areas that look like the animals’ real homes.

3. I suppose they will be working at this translation at 7 o’clock on Sunday.

4. She was playing the piano when I entered the room. Nobody noticed me.

5. What are you doing here?

6. Sorry, I am very busy now. I am doing repairs at home.

 

Задание 4. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на перевод глагола-сказуемого, выраженного временем Perfect, подчеркните его.

Образец выполнения: Well knows the kitten whose meat it has eaten.

Знает кошка, чье мясо съела.

1. The problem of man and his interaction with the environment has become one of the difficult problems.

2. I haven’t seen you for ages!

3. He said that he had read this article.

4. We’ll have done it by next Sunday.

5. During the hundred and forty years of the city’s life much water has flown down the Amur.

6. Zoos have always been a place we could go to to see lots of different kinds of animals.

 

Задание 5. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на глаголы-сказуемые в форме страдательного залога, подчеркните их.

Образец выполнения: The large sunflower seeds are eaten by large birds.

Крупные птицы питаются крупными семенами подсолнечника.

1. We are constantly surrounded by stress, but it is a problem we learn to live with.

2. Vitamin B-6, which is found in brown rice, fish and soybeans, is good for your nervous system.

3. So voluble was the bark of this tree that the cost of the bark powder was often matched by its weight in gold.

4. The atmosphere of the picture is full of lyricism, and the autumn is shown here a sad time of the year.

5. Money likes to be counted.

6. Oxford and Cambridge Universities were founded in the 12^th century.

 

Задание 6. Перепишите и переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы, подчеркните их.

Образец выполнения: You may work together if you want.Если хотите – можете работать вместе.

1. People must learn to live in true harmony with nature.

2. If an apartment has only one room, it will have to play several roles.

3. Together we can save and protect our life on the planet.

4. Too much fertilizer or pesticides can ruin soil.

5. If we expect the earth to continue giving us food and clean water, we must follow nature’s principles as closely as we can.

6. Some pictures had to be restored before they could be put on display.

Задание 7. Перепишите следующие предложения, вставив в них предлоги места, времени, направления. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

Образец выполнения: Human beings have lived … the planet … about 40,000 years.

Human beings have lived on the planet for about 40,000 years.

Люди живут на планете около 40 000 лет.

1. What country are you …? - I am Russian. I am … Russia.

2. Khabarovsk is situated … the high Amur hills.

3. … Monday the temperature was below 0º.

4. In winter these birds fly … the North … the South.

5. Blue whales spend about eight months of the year … Antarctic waters.

6. … 1273 King Edward I of England banned the burning of coal to reduce air pollution.

 

Задание 8. Прочтите и переведите один из следующих текстов. Ответьте на вопросы к нему.

Текст 1

Charlotte, Emily, and Anne Bronte were the daughters of a poor Irish clergyman. They lived in Haworth, a small town on the edge of the Yorkshire moors. Their mother died when Charlotte, the oldest child, was only five. After that, the sisters and their brother Branwell led their own lives mostly apart from their lonely father.

Later on, the sisters went to boarding school, and then became governesses. However, they hated being apart from each other, and eventually they all returned home where they started to write. In 1847 Charlotte wrote her masterpiece, Jane Eyre. This tells the story of a girl called Jane, who goes to a harsh school, and later becomes a governess. Jane falls in love with her employer, Mr. Rochester. They are just about to marry when she discovers he has a wife already, a woman who is mad and locked up in secret room in the same house.

Emily also wrote her only novel, Wuthering Heights*, in the same year. Set in the bleak moors she knew so well, it tells the story of two very different boys, Edgar and Heathcliff, who both fall in love with the same girl, Catherine. Anne had her novel Agnes Grey published in 1847. The sisters all wrote under pretend names, or “pseudonyms”. Charlotte was “Currer Bell”, Emily was “Ellis Bell”, and Anne was “Acton Bell”: in those days it was easier to get published if you were a man! Sadly, all three sisters died young. No other family of novelists has ever achieved so much as the shy and unworldly Brontes, whose books are still read very widely today.

Notes:

* Wuthering Heights – Грозовой перевал

 

Вопросы к тексту 1.

1. What family were Bronte sisters born?

2. What were they after leaving a boarding school?

3. Why did they return home?

4. What is the masterpiece of Charlotte Bronte?

5. Did other sisters write novels?

6. Why could they publish their novels?

 

 

Текст 2