Contrast with the past simple

We use the past simple to talk about events that happened at a specific time in the past that are now finished.

I graduated in May 2003.

Not: I have graduated in...

I stayed in this job until March 2004.

Two years ago, I spent three months in Spain.

А. 1. He ('s never liked /`s never been liking) Maths.

2. They ('ve worked /'ve been working) on the project all day.

3. John ('s used /'s been using) the computer for hours - he looks really tired.

4. How many mails (have you written / have you been writing) today?

5. She ('s written /'s been writing) this essay since 9 o'clock.

6. They ('vet interviewed /'ve been interviewing) five candidates today.

 

B. Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect simple or past simple.

1. She (be)…….a software engineer since 2004.

2. After graduation I (work)…………….. for a years with NCR.

3. (you ever work)…….as an IT consultant?

4. I (lose)……………..my PDA.

5. I (send)……..my CVlast Monday. Have you received it yet?

C. Make questions using these prompts. In pairs, ask and answer the questions.

1. ever / live or work in another country?

2. ever/ have a bad job interview?

3. ever / do a job you hated?

4. how long / study English?

5. how long / use computers?

6. how many mails / receive today?

7. how many jobs / apply for this year?

 

XIV. Прочитайте две рекламы о работе и отметьте наиболее важные качества, которыми должен обладать специалист.

Digitum-UK

SENIOR PROGRAMMER required by DIGITUM-UK_, a leading supplier of business systems to the insurance industry.

You will be able to work on the full range of software development activities - analysis, design, coding, testing debugging and implementation. At least two years' experience of COBOL or C++ is necessary.

As we are active in Europe, fluency in French, Italian or another European language is desirable.

Don't miss this opportunity to learn new skills and develop your career.

Send your CV to CHRIS SCOTT, PERSONNEL MANAGER, DIGITUM-UK, 75 PARKSHILL STREET, LONDON SW14 3DE

DTP operator required for a leading financial magazine.

We are looking for a bright, competent OuarkXPress operator with at least three years' experience in design and layout. Skills in Photocopy, Freehand or Illustrator an advantage.

Ability to work in a team and to tight deadlines is vital.

Please apply in writing, with CV and samples of your work, to Tom Parker, Production Manager, Financial Manthly, Stockton Street, London ES1A 4WW

Or apply online: Apply now.

Senior programmer DIP operator

1. logical reasoning

2. patience and tenacity

3. being good with figures

4. imagination

5. self-discipline

6. accuracy

7. leadership skills

8. efficiency

9. creativity

10. drawing skills

 

 

XV. Прочитайте требования к определенным специальностям в информационных технологиях и определите требования к специалистам:

1. John (surf) ____________ the web since 2000, and every day he finds new things that catch his eye.

2. I have (apply) ___________ for several jobs in recent months.

3. How many emails (you receive) __________ so far today?

4. I (look) ___________ at the screen for to long. Now my eyes are sore and tired.

 

XVI. A. Прочитайте текст Becoming certified и ответьте на вопросы:

1. What advice is given for someone who is stuck in a computing support job?

2. What questions should you ask yourself if you are thinking of getting extra training?

3. What computer program is mentioned in the text?

4. Name two ways of studying that are mentioned in the text.

5. What two factors will be affected by your level of experience?

6. Why is it important to become used to answering exam questions?

7. What factors help you decide whether the course will be suitable or cost effective?

8. What happens if you don't upgrade your certification?

Becoming Certified

Suppose you're a support engineer. You're stuck in a job you don't like and you want to make a change. One way of making that change is to improve your marketability to potential employers by upgrading your skill-set. If you're going to train yourself up however, whose training should you undertake? If you need certificates, whose certificates should they be? Even if you get those certificates, how certain can you be that your salary will rise as a result? One solution is the range of certifications on offer from Microsoft.

Microsoft offers a large array of certification programmes aimed at anyone from the user of a single program such as Microsoft Word, to someone who wants to become a certified support engineer. There are a myriad of certificates to study for too. If you're the proud holder of any of those qualifications, then you're entitled to call yourself a Microsoft Certified

Professional (MCP).

Once you've decided which track you want to take, you should consider just how qualified you already are in terms of experience and knowledge. Will you need to go and take some courses with a training company, or are you the type who can make good use of self-study materials? How much time do you genuinely have to devote towards this? Will your employer pay for your course? Will it grant you leave to go and do the course - assuming you can find one - on either a full-time or part-time basis?

The key question here is experience. This will not only influence the amount of work you'll have to do to get up to speed for the exams, it could also mean the difference between passing or failing the exam.

While you're busy learning all you need to know for your certification, the practice exams are an absolute godsend. They show you the type of questions you'll encounter, and they familiarize you with the structure of the exam. This is essential if you want to pass: the exams have time limits, and you need to get used to answering the requisite number of questions within the allotted time. It's as simple as that.

If you decide training course will help you out, don't let the title of a course alone convince you that it will be suitable or cost effective. Find out exactly what the course offers and whether there are pre-requisites for attendants. You should also find out what the training company is prepared to do if attendants don't have the minimum knowledge necessary to be on the course.

As exams are replaced by 'updated' ones, you need to upgrade your certification to stay current. Ultimately it's your responsibility to make sure you stay up to date. If you don't, you lose your certification until you take an update.

As a support engineer, you get the satisfaction of knowing that you passed a tough test, and the happy knowledge that your network manager is sweating a bit over the fact that you could be head-hunted at any time.

QUALIFICATIONS

· Microsoft Certified Systems Engineer (MCSE)

GCSEs design, install, support and troubleshoot information systems. GCSEs are network gurus, support technicians and operating system experts.

· Microsoft Certified Solution Developer (MCSD)

MSc's use development tools and platforms to create business solutions.

· Microsoft Certified Product Specialist (MCPS)

MCPSes know all about at least one Microsoft operating system. Some also specialise in other Microsoft products, development tools or desktop applications.

· Microsoft Certified Trainer (MCT) MOTs teach others about Microsoft products using the Microsoft Official Curriculum at Microsoft Authorised Technical Education Centres.

 

B. Прочтите текст еще раз и определите:

Which qualification would be most useful if you wanted to до each of the following:

a. be an operating system expert

b. troubleshoot systems

с. teach computing

d. design business solutions

 

XVIII. Определите True or False, опираясь на информацию текста:

a. Microsoft offers а large range of certification programmes to study.

b. You must get an advanced certificate before you can call yourself а Microsoft Certified Professional.

c. All Microsoft training courses involve а period of full-time study.

d. Practice exams allow you to become familiar with the structure of the exams.

e. You can decide on the suitability of а course by its title.

f. It is your responsibility to make sure that your certification is kept up to date.

g. Gaining а certificate is likely to make you more attractive to other employers.

 

XIX. Выберите одну из предложенных специальностей из информации A и B. Задайте друг другу вопросы, предполагающие ответы Yes or No, затем определите специальность.

Student A

Systems Analyst

Studies methods of working within an organisation to decide how tasks can be done efficiently by computers. Makes a detailed analysis of the employer's requirements and work patterns to prepare a report on different options for using information technology. This may involve consideration of hardware as well as software. Either uses standard computer packages or writes a specification for programmers to adapt existing software or to prepare new software. May oversee the implementation and testing of a system and acts as a link between the user and the programmer.

Software Engineer/Designer

Produces the programs which control the internal operations of computers. Converts the system analyst's specification to a logical series of steps. Translates these into the appropriate computer language. Often compiles programs from libraries or sub-programs, combining these to make up a complete systems program. Designs, tests and improves programs for computer-aided design and manufacture, business applications, computer networks and games.