Тема занятия «The Cardiovascular System»

2. Значение изучения темы. Актуальность темы обеспечивается, во-первых, ее параллельным изучением в курсе анатомии человека. Во-вторых, основные речевые конструкции, усвоенные в ходе изучения данной темы, послужат основой при реферировании и аннотировании студентами текстов, описывающих строение других системы жизнедеятельности организма человека.

3. Цель обучения: обучающийся должен знать лексику по теме, быть готов к чтению оригинальной литературы по теме «The Cardiovascular System» с минимальным использованием словаря, уметь кратко рассказать о строении сердечно-сосудистой системы человека, раскрыть функции кровеносных сосудов.

4.План изучения темы:

4.1. Исходный контроль знаний. Фронтальный опрос: проверка знания ключевых слов из курса анатомии человека по темам “The Skeleton”, “The muscles”.

4.2. Раскрытие учебно-целевых вопросов.

Введение нового грамматического материала: Gr.: Времена группы Perfect (Active Voice). Понятие совершенного времени: настоящего, прошедшего, будущего. Использование утвердительного предложения, общий вопрос, специальный вопрос, вопрос к подлежащему, альтернативный вопрос, разделительный вопрос. Отличие совершенного времени от простого (неопределенного) и продолженного.

Выполнение тренировочных упражнений №№1- 3 (1, стр. 64).

Чтение и перевод текста “The Cardiovascular System” (1, стр. 66).

Проверка понимания текста (ответы на вопросы)

Выявление ключевых мыслей для составления резюме текста

4.3. Самостоятельная работа по теме:

Работа в группах:

Подбор антонимов, синонимов, английских эквивалентов к латинским словам (упражнения №№12- 14 (1, стр. 68).

Дополнение диалога (2, упр. № 22.1. стр. 53).

Составление ассоциограммы к слову «Heart»

4.4. Итоговый контроль знаний:

6.1. Письменный тест на грамматику.

6.2. Взаимопроверка

Основные понятия и положения темы

Тема «The Cardiovascular System» предполагает изучение строения сердца, вен, артерий, капилляров.

Грамматика: Времена группы Perfect (Active Voice). Понятие совершенного времени: настоящего, прошедшего, будущего. Использование утвердительного предложения, общий вопрос, специальный вопрос, вопрос к подлежащему, альтернативный вопрос, разделительный вопрос. Отличие совершенного времени от простого (неопределенного) и продолженного.

Cardiovascular system, comprising both the heart and the blood vessels, circulates blood throughout the body. It carries essential supplies of food and fuel to every liv­ing cell and exchanges them for poten­tially harmful waste products. The adult circulation consists of thousands of mites of tubing containing about 10 pints (4.7l) of blood. The blood is kept flowing round the body by the pump­ing action of the heart.

Blood is made up of a pale yellow liquid (plasma) containing dissolved nutrients and wastes, plus blood cells, hormones, proteins and other sub­stances. Must numerous of these cells are the disk-shaped red blood cells. Their color comes from the presence of the substance hemoglobin, which com­bines with oxygen. When red corpuscles changed with oxygen approach body cells, the oxygen is delivered in exchange for the waste product carbon dioxide. Other two-way transportation of materials takes place between the body cells and the plasma, and all un­wanted substances are carried away in the blood for excretion by the kidneys, lungs, and liver. Plasma also contains white blood cells, which help to fight infection, and platelets, which are in­volved in blood clotting.

In its passage through the body, blood is carried in tubes known as ar­teries and veins. Most arteries transport oxygen-rich (oxygenated) blood, whereas most veins transport carbon dioxide-rich (deoxygenated) blood. The largest artery is the aorta, which stems directly from the heart. The aorta and other large arteries have thick walls lined with muscle. Blood flow is assisted by the contraction of this muscle and the impetus given by the heartbeat. The "push" from the heart can be felt as the pulse wherever large arteries run near the body surface.

As they penetrate the tissues, arteries split into narrow branches called arterioles, which in turn divide into capillar­ies. It is through the very thin capillary walls that the blood gives up its oxygen and nutrients and receives carbon dioxide and wastes. Deoxygenated blood in the capillaries flows into narrow veins (venules) and then into veins. The two largest veins, the venae cavae. return this blood to the heart. Veins have thin walls compared with those of arteries, and blood moves through the veins much more slowly. Blood flow in the veins is assisted by the action of mus­cles in surrounding tissues, and back-flow is prevented by one-way valves.

The deoxygenated blood delivered to the heart along the veins is no use to body calls until it has been recharged with oxygen. To ensure reoxygenation, the circulation has a second "loop." In this part of the system, blood rich in carbon dioxide travels from the heart along the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where carbon dioxide is ex­changed for oxygen breathed in. The pulmonary artery is the only artery to carry deoxygenated blood. The newly oxygenated blood is carried back to the heart along the pulmonary vein, the only vein to transport oxygenated blood.

 

Задания для уяснения темы занятия, методики вида деятельности

6.1. Вопросы для самоподготовки.

1. What is the cardiovascular system?

2. How many chambers does the human heart have?

3. What does the right heart do?

4. What do we mean by the arteries?

5. What is the aorta?

6. What are systole and diastole? 7. How do we call narrow veins? 8. What size does the heart have? 9. How much does the human heart weight?

 

6.2. Тестовые задания по теме.

 

Complete the sentences. Use the verb in brackets + just/already/yet:

1. Would you like something to eat?-No, thanks. I ……….just……... lunch.

2. Do you know where Julia is? -Yes, I…………… her. (just/see)

3. What time is David leaving?- He …………….. (already/leave)

4. What's in the newspaper today?- I don't know. I …….....(not/read/yet)

5. Is Ann coming to the cinema with us? - No, she ……… the film, (already/see)

6. Are your friends here yet?- Yes, they ……………….. (just/arrive)

Put in been or gone.

1. Jim is on holiday. He's.......................... to Italy.

2 Hello! I've just........... to the shops. I've bought lots of things.

3. Alice isn't here at the moment. She's.. to the shop to get a newspaper.

4. Tom has.............. out. He'll be back in about an hour.

Put the verb in the correct form, present perfect continuous or present simple.

1. My parents (be) to the USA many times.

2. I (buy) a new dress last week, but I (not / wear) it yet.

3. We (not / have) a holiday last year.

4.... it (stop) raining yet?

5. Don't worry about your letter. I (send) it the day before yesterday.

6. I (lose) my glasses. I (have) them when I came to the college this morning.

7. When Jill (finish) school?

8. When I was a child, I (always / be) late for school.

9. I can't find my umbrella. I think somebody (take) by mistake.

10. Are you tired?

-Yes, a little. I (paint) the ceiling.

11. Have you got any money?

- Yes, I (borrow) it from my brother.

6.3.Ситуационные задачи по теме.

You are writing a letter to a friend. In the letter you give news about yourself and other people. Use the words given to make sentences. Use the present perfect.

 

Dear Chris,

Lots of things have happened since I last wrote to you.

1 I / buy /a new car…………………………………………………...

2 my father / start / a new job……………………………………

3 I / give up / smoking……………………………………………

4 Charles and Sarah / go / to Brazil…………………………….

5. Suzanne / have / a baby …………………………………

 

Read the situations and write sentences. Choose one of the following:

break go up grow lose

1. Mike is looking for his key. He can't find it He …………… his key,

2. Margaret can't walk and her leg is in plaster. She……………

3. Tim didn't have a beard last month. Now he has a beard. ….

Last week the bus fare was 4 roubles. Now it is 5. …………...

 

Read the situations and write sentences with just, already or yet.

1 After lunch you go to see a friend at her house. She says 'Would you like something to eat?'

You say: No, thank you....l have just had lunch.... (have lunch)

2. Joe goes out. Five minutes later, the phone rings, and the caller says 'Can I speak to Joe?'

You say: I'm afraid ………………………...(go out)

3 You are eating in a restaurant. The waiter thinks you have finished and starts to take your plate away. You say: Wait a minute! …………………………………….. (not/finish)

4. You are going to a restaurant this evening. You phone to reserve a table. Later your friend says 'Shall I phone to reserve a table?' You say: No,………………………it. (do)

5 You know that a friend of yours is looking for a job. Perhaps she has been successful. You say:……………………………………………? (find)

6.Ann went to the bank, but a few minutes ago she returned. Somebody asks 'Is Ann still at the bank?' You say: No ……………………….... (come back).

 

You are asking somebody questions about things he or she has done.

1. (ever/ride / horse?)...Have you ever ridden a horse?

(ever / be / California?)........................................................................

(ever / run / marathon?).......................................................................

(ever / speak / famous person?)...........................................................

(always / live / in this town?)..............................................................

(most beautiful place / ever / visit?) What.......................................

 

7. Список тем по УИРС, предлагаемый кафедрой:

- Примерные темы проектов / докладов: “The Blood Circulation”, “Diseases of the Cardiovascular system”, “Blood vessels”

 

8. Рекомендуемая литература:

- основная

1. Английский язык: Учебник для медицинских вузов и медицинских специалистов/ И.Ю. Марковина, З.К. Максимова, М.Б. Вайнштейн; Под. Ред. И.Ю. Марковиной. – М.: ГЭОТАР- Медиа, 2005. -368 с.

- дополнительная:

2. Eric H. Glendinning, Ron Howard Professional English in Use. Medicine. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press, 2007. - 175 p.

3. Raymond Murphy. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge. - Cambridge University Press, 1997. - 350 p.

4.Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Medicine)

 

 

Занятие №9