Translate sentences into Ukrainian.

1. The chassis includes the running gear, the power transmission and the steering mechanism.

2. The power transmission consists of the clutch, gearbox, cardan shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.

3.The clutch connects the engine with the driving wheels.

4.The gearbox changes the speed of the car movement.

5.The steering mechanism changes the direction of the car.

 

3.Read the text and answer the questions:

1.What main units does the chassis consist of? 2.Where is the engine located?

3.Where is the flywheel fixed?

4.Where is the clutch placed?

5.What is the gearbox designed for?

6.By what shaft is the power transmitted to the back axle?

7.What does the rear axle do?

8.. What is the function of the differential?

9. What purpose is the steering system designed for?

10. What is the function of the brakes?

 

Chassis

The main units of the chassis are: the power transmission, the running gear and the steering mechanism. The power transmission includes the whole mechanism between the engine and the rear wheels. This entire mechanism consists of the clutch, gearbox, propeller (cardan) shaft, rear axle, final drive, differential and axle shafts.

At the front end of the car is the engine. On the back of it is the flywheel. Behind the flywheel is the clutch. The clutch is a friction device connecting the engine with the gears of the gearbox. The main function of the gearbox is to change the speed of the car.

The power is always transmitted by the cardan shaft to the live back axle. The final drive reduces the high speed of the engine to the low speed of the driving wheels. The differential enables the driving wheels to turn at different speeds which is necessary when turning the car. The foundation of the automobile is the frame to which different chassis units are attached wheels to turn at different speeds which is necessary when turning the car. The foundation of the automobile is the frame to which different chassis units are attached.

The rear axle is capable of moving up and down about the frame. The rear axle is an important part of the transmission. It carries the greater portion of the weight of the car.

The steering mechanism is designed for changing the direction of the car.

The brakes are used for stopping the car, for decreasing its speed and for holding the car position.

Translate into English.

1.Основні вузлами шасі є: трансмісія, ходова

частина і рульовий механізм.

2.Радіатор розташовується в передній частині автомобіля.

3.Маховик кріпиться на задній частині двигуна.

4.Зчеплення з'єднує двигун з коробкою передач.

5.Коробка передач призначена для зміни швидкості

руху автомобіля.

6.Зусилля передається карданним валом.

7.Головна передача знижує високі оберти двигуна до

невисоких обертів провідних колес.

8.Діференціал дозволяє ведучим колесам обертатися з різною швидкістю при повороті автомобіля.

9.Рульовий механізм призначений для зміни напрямку

руху автомобіля.

10.Гальма використовуються для зупинки або зниження швидкості автомобіля.

Match the words with their dеfinitions.

1.differential

2.steering wheel

3.clutch

4.rear axle

5.steering system

6.speedometer

7.brakes

8.gearbox

9.cardan shaft

a).mechanism used to increase the speed of the car

b).wheel used to turn the direction of the car

c).mechanism used to transmit power to the back axle

d).instrument used to measure the speed of the car

e).mechanism that slows or stops the car

f).mechanism used to guide the car

g).mechanism used to engage or disengage the engine with gearbox

h).mechanism used to carry the greater portion of the car weight

i).mechanism used to turn the wheels at different speeds

 

Retell the text “Chassis” briefly.

Translate, using the dictionary.

Basic Troubles of Transmission Mechanism

The transmission of the engine torque to the driving wheels of the mitomobile must be smooth. There should be no vibration in the operation of transmission mechanism within the range of travelling speeds.

The indications of malfunctions in the transmission mechanism components are as follows:

1.incomplete disengagement of the clutch;

2.difficult engagement or self-demeshing of gears;

3.run out and vibration of the cardan-drive shaft.

What to do in these cases:

1.Check the free travel of the clutch pedal and adjust it.

2.Check the oil level in the gearbox housing and wash breather channel.

3.Check to see that all the fastening bolts are securely tightened and that the trunnion crosses fit properly the bearings, and the bearings, in turn, the universal-joint forks.

 

 

UNIT 8

FRAME

Learn new words.

frame — рама

twist - кручення

support — опора

suspension - підвіска

body - кузов

channel section — порожниста секція

longitudinal members - лонжерони

weld —зварювати

cross members —поперечини

rivet — заклепувати

reinforce — посилювати

insulate — ізолювати

rigid — жорсткий, твердий

rubber pad – гумова прокладка

unibody construction —цільна конструкція

withstand strains —витримувати напругу

strengthen – зміцнювати

 

2.Read the text, find there English equivalents to the following words:

Лонжерони, поперечини, жорсткий, міцний, витримувати навантаження, підвіска, звичайна (загальноприйнята) рама, безрамна конструкція, порожнисті секції, зварені чи заклепані, прикріплювати до рами, гумові прокладки, зміцнювати.

 

Frame

The foundation of the automobile chassis is the frame which provides support for the engine, body and power-train members.

Cross members reinforce the frame. The frame is rigid and strong so that it can withstand the shocks, vibrations, twists and other strains to which it is put on the road.

The frame provides a firm structure for the body, as well as a good point for the suspension system. There are two types of frames, namely: conventional frames and integral (unibody) frames (frameless constructions).

Conventional frames are usually made of heavy steel channel sections welded or riveted together. All other parts of the car are attached to the frame.

In order to prevent noise and vibrations from passing to the frame and from there to the passengers of the car, the frame is insulated from these parts by rubber pads.

It is also important to insulate the frame in order to prevent metal- to-metal contacts.

Frameless (unibody) constructions are called so because they are made integral with the body. The body parts are used to structurally strengthen the entire car. Some unibody frames have partial front and rear frames for attaching the engine and suspension members.

Answer the questions.

1.What does the frame provide?

2.Why is the frame rigid and strong?

3.What types of frames are there?

4.What is the conventional frame made of?

5.By what is the frame insulated from the other car parts? For what purpose?

6.What do you know about unibody frames?

4. Match the beginning of the sentences with the appropriate ending.