Complete the word combinations, translate them into Ukrainian.

the world at____________________________,

a great ________ of, to a ___________ extent,

road________________________,improvement and construction, two____________________________ taken together,

self-moving___________________,

__________________with rails,

economic__________________,

__________of transportation and communication, a _________ factor, road _____________,

a matter of__________,

well _______for_______road conditions

 

5.Complete the sentences, translate them into Ukrainian.

1. An automobile means____________

2. The role and importance of an automobile arise from the fact that it can____________ rails.

3. The automobile is a vehicle___________

for ordinary road conditions.

4. The automobile has become___________

in the economic __________ of many

countries

6. Read the text, translate it into Ukrainian.

The Early Days of the Automobile

Like most other great humanachievements, the motor car is not the product of anysingle inventor.

One of the earliest attempts to propel a vehicle bymechanical power wassug­gested byIsaac Newton. But the first self-propelled vehicle was constructed by the French military engineerCugnot in 1763. He builta steam-driven enginewhich had three wheels, carried two passengers and ran at maximum speed of four miles per hour.

In 1784 the Russian inventor Kulibin built a three-wheeled carriage.

In his vehicle he used for the first time such new elements asbrakes, rollersand agearbox. In 1825 a steam engine was built in Great Britain. The vehicle carried 18 passengers and covered 8 miles in 45 minutes. However, the progress of motor cars met with great opposition in Great Britain. Further development of motor car lagged because of the restrictions resulting from legislative acts. The most famous of these acts was the Red Flag Act of 1865, according to which the speed of the steam-driven vehicles was limited to 4 miles per hour and a man with a red flag had to walk in front of it.

In Russia there were cities where motor cars were outlawed altogether. When the editor of the local newspaper in the city of Uralsk bought a car, the governor issued these instructions to the police: "When the vehicle appears in the streets, it is to be stopped and escorted to the police station, where its driver is to be prosecuted."

 

Answer the questions.

1.Is the motor car a product of a single inventor?

2.When was the first self-propelled vehicle constructed?

3. What elements did the Russian inventor Kulibin use for the first time in his vehicle?

4.Did the progress of motor cars meet with great opposition?

 

Prepare the report about famous people of the Automobile Industry. Do you think their inventions were important? Discuss in the group.

UNIT 2

AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION

Learn the following words.

construct — конструювати

constructor — конструктор

deal with – мати справу

demand - вимагати, вимога

dependable brakes — надійні гальма

design - проектувати, проект

designer - проектувальник

develop – розробляти, розвивати

development — розробка, розвиток

driving safety — безпека їзди

efficiency - ефективність,ККД

engineer — інженер

fuel consumption – витрата пального

handling - експлуатація, догляд

ignition system — система запалювання

maintenance — техобслуговування

manufacture – виробляти

manufacturer — промисловець, виробник

manufacturing — виробництво

mechanics - механік

mechanism — механізм

produce — виробляти

producer — виробник

production - виробництво

put into mass production - запустити в масове виробництво

quality — якість

rapid acceleration — швидкий розгін

require – вимагати, просити

requirement – вимога, запит

rigid quality control —жорсткий контроль якості

science - наука

scientist - вчений

service life – строк дії

silent gearbox — безшумна коробка передач

smooth-acting clutch – плавне зчеплення

solution — рішення

steering system – система рульового управління

to test — випробувати

technician — технік

technologist – технолог

technology — технологія

undergo tests — проходити випробування

unit — вузел, агрегат

up-to-date – сучасний

 

2.Read the text, find answers to the following questions:

1. What department do you study at?

2. What will you become after graduating from the college?

3. What should automobile specialists know?

4. What phases does the production of the automobile comprise?

5. What requirements must modern automobiles meet?

6. Why are automobile units and mechanisms subjected to laboratory and road tests?

7. What qualities are required of the automobile?

8. Why are computers used in cars?

I study at the college, at the automobile-construction department. When I graduate from the college I shall become a technician. All specialists in automobile industry dealing with manufacturing automobiles (cars or trucks) must know that the production of the automobile comprises the following phases:

-designing;

-working out the technology of manufacturing processes;

-laboratory tests;

-road tests;

-mass manufacturing (production).

Why is it necessary to know all these facts? It is important to know them, as before the automobile is put into mass production it should be properly designed and the car must meet up-to-date requirements. What are these requirements?

The automobile must have high efficiency, long service life, driving safety, ease of handling and maintenance, pleasant appearance. Also it must be comfortable and ecological. In order to obtain these qualities the specialists should develop up-to-date methods of designing cars using new types of resistant to corrosion light materials. Also it is important to know computer sciences because computers offer quick and optimal solutions of the problems. Besides they are used for better operation of mechanisms in cars.

Before the car is put into mass production the units of the car are subjected to tests in the Works laboratory and then the car undergoes a rigid quality control in road tests. Why are these tests required? What qualities are required of the automobile? They are needed because the modern automobile must be rapid in acceleration, have smooth acting clutch, silent gearbox, dependable braking and steering systems, dependable ignition system, low fuel consumption and be stable on the road.