Вживання означеного артикля the

Правила	Приклади	Примітки
Якщоіменникзгадувавсяраніше	His car struck a tree. You can see the mark on the tree.
Якщо на предмет чи особу вказуєситуаціячи контекст	Pass me the salt, please. Who's at the door? — The postman.	(the salt on the table) (the one who comes to us)
Якщоіменникозначає один у своємуродіоб’єкт	the Earth, the sea, the sky, the Sun, the Moon, the stars, the universe, the equator, the Great Bear	Назвиіншихпланет вживаються без артикля: Mars, Pluto
При наявностіобмежувальноговизначення	The Smith you are looking for no longer lives here. The letters on the shelf are for you.
Зприкметникамиунайвищомуступені, порядковимичислівниками, словами only, next, last, left/right, right/wrong, very, opposite	It's the worst play I've ever seen. She's the only person for this position. He was the first man who helped me.	АЛЕ: She was an only child.
В узагальненомузначенні, коли іменникпредставляє весь клас людей, тварин, предметів.	The whale is in danger of becoming extinct. The Japanese admire the traditions of the Chinese.	АЛЕ: Man developed earlier than people think.
Якщоіменникєобставиноюмісцяівсполученнях in the street, to the cinema, in the country	Ann is in the garden. Can I go to the cinema? They always spend summer in the country.
Встійкихсполученнях the sooner the better, do the shopping, make the bed, on the whole, what’s the use? таін.	What's the use talking about it now? I haven't made the beds yet.
Артиклі з географічниминазвами CATEGORY NOARTICLE (Article ‘a’)   USETHE EXCEPTIONS Thingsconsideredtobeunique * a full moon, a bright red sun ( like any noun with a descriptive attribute) thesky,thesun, themoon, theground, theearth, theworld, theuniverse, thehorizon, the cosmos nature, space   Men’s ventures into space. I love nature. Planets Venus [vi:nэs], Mercury['mә:kjuri], 'Jupiter, 'Saturn, Uranus [ju'reinэs], Pluto, 'Neptune   Butthe planet we live in or the land we liveon: the Earth, the planet Earth or the earth Continents Asia, Africa, Australia, Europe, South/North America, Antarctica       The four cardinal points and directions   the north, the south, the east, the west, the north-west, the north-east the North / South Pole, the Equator, in the South of England set expressions: from east to west, from north to south   Geographicalregions   the Arctic, the Antarctic the Far North, the Far East, the Middle East, the Midlands, the Caucasus, the Crimea, the Ruhr (in Germany), theDordonye (France), the Punjab (India)   Historicalreferences Ancient Greece, Medieval Europe, Renaissance, Europe, Feudal France, Roman Britain, pre-war/post war Germany, present day Italy   But: theEurope of today (with a limiting attribute) Note: The Dark Ages, the Renaissance, the Stone Age, the Victorian Age Countries Great Britain, Sweden, Switzerland, Denmark, Ukraine, Israel, China, Argentina*   but:theFranceof his youth · plural names the Netherlands, the Philippines; · the names which include words like ‘republic, union, kingdom, states’: thePeople’s Republic of China, the Czech Republic, the ARE or the Arab Republic of Egypt, the United Arab Emirates or the UAE, the USA, the UK   theVatican, the Congo, (the) Ivory Coast, (the) Sudan, (the) Lebanon, (the) Yemen, the Transvaal, Cameroun or the Cameroons the Argentine*   most states, counties, provinces, political and administrative regions of a country Washington state, New Mexico, Florida, Texas, California, New England, Wiltshire, Westphalia, Bavaria, Kent, Venice   (Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands.) the state of Washington, the state of Texas,   the whole ofVenice – усяВенеція     names of countries or regions or areaswhich have a geographical attribute Northern Ireland, Highland Britain, Central Asia, Upper Austria, Lower Egypt, Southern France, Western and Eastern Europe, Latin America     Towns, cities Chicago, Oxford, Vienna, Cairo ['kaiэrou], Kyiv, New York City but: It was a different Paris, unknown to her.   theChicago ofthe 1920s, the city of New York     the Hague (in the Netherlands, the seat of its government)   Streets, avenues Downing Street, Oxford Str., Fifth Avenue, Charing Cross Road     the London Road, the Mall, the Champs of Elysees (Єлисейськіполя), theEdgwareRoad, the High Street but in the address: 24 High Street, 104 EdgwareRoad Bodies of water: § rivers § lakes § gulfs, bays (usually smaller than gulfs),straits § cannels, channels   § seas   § oceans § waterfalls     Sg. Victoria Lake, Lake Huron, Lakes Michigan and Ontario, Loch Ness, Mono Lake, Lake Ladoga   Hudson Bay, San Francisco Bay, Gibraltar   the (River) Thames, the River Seine, the Mississippi, the Nile, the Danube, the Rhine, theDnipro   the lake of Geneva, the Baikal, the Huron (without the word ‘lake’!) Pl.the Great Lakes the Persian Gulf, the Gulf of Finland the Bay of Biscayne the Bay of Bengal the Strait(s) of Gibraltar, the Strait of Magellan, the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal, the (English) Channel   the Black Sea, the Dead Sea, the Mediterranean the Caspian sea   the Atlantic ocean, the Pacific   the Iguaçu Falls, the Victoria Falls     theGreat Salt Lake   Niagara (Falls) § islands individual island Long Island, Hong Kong, Tahiti, Crete, Corsica, Cyprus [sai..]   groups of islands: the British Isles, the Hawaiian Islands, the West Indies, the Bahamas, theBermudas, the Canaries = the Canary Islands Note: the Isle of Man   Mountains, peaks, hills individual mountain Ben Nevis, Elbrus, Everest, Mont Blanc, Snowdon, Kilimanjaro, Mount Fuji, Mounts Whitney and Rainier mountain ranges the Andes, the Alps, the Himalayas, theCarpatians, the Appalachian mountains; the Rocky mountains or the Rockies, the Black Hills   Valleys   the Sacramento valley, the Hudson valley   Jungles, forests, rainforest   the Amazon rainforest, the Black Forest   Deserts     the Sahara, the Gobi, the Kara Kum Desert

The Article with place names (names of buildings, ships, etc.)

Category	No article	The	Exceptions
airports, railway stations and other two-word names the first word of which is the name of a person or place	Kennedy Airport, Heathrow, Gatwick Airport, Victoria Station, King’s Cross Station, Windsor Castle, Buckingham Palace
mosthotels	But:Claridge’s Brown’s Hotel	theHilton (hotel) the Ritz, the Plaza hotel, the Carlton
banks	Lloyds Bank Barclays Bank	the bank of England
shops	Harrods, Selfridges, Marks and Spencers
restaurants, pubs	Maxim’s,Macdonalds, Luigi’s Italian Restaurant, Leoni’s(restaurant) Emma’s pub	theRed Lion (pub) the Café Royal
cinemas, theatres, concert halls		the Odeon, the Globe, the Coliseum (theatre), the National Theatre, the Carnegie Hall
museums, art galleries, monuments		thePrado, the Louvre, the British Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, the Tate Gallery, the Lincoln Memorial, the Washington Monument, theTrevi Fountain, theColosseum
hospitals	Guy’s (hospital)	the London Hospital
schools, colleges, universities	Manchester Grammar School, Carnegie College, Bristol University, Cambridge University, Oxford University, Kyiv National Economic University	theUniversity ofTexas
organisations	Usually no article is used if the abbreviation is pronounced as a word: NATO, OPEC ['oupэk]	theUN, the BBC, the EU= the European Union, theLabour Party the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
most of political and governmental institutions		theSenate, the Cabinet, the Ministry, theBunderstag, the Supreme Court, theBritish Parliament	Parliament, Congress, Kent County Council, Leeds City Council
most companies and firms	General Motors, Sony, Nissan, Shell, IBM, KLM
churches, cathedrals, abbeys	St John’s Church, St Paul’s Cathedral Westminster Abbey		theDomincan Abbey
names ofbuildings with ‘ of’		theHouses of Parliament, the Tower of London, the Great Wall of China, the Leaning Tower of Pisa, the Palace of Versalles, the Federal Bureau of Investigation
zoos	London zoo
parks and squares	Hyde park, Trafalgar Square, George Square
ships		the Titanic, the Mary Rose, the Discovery

Артиклі з іншиминазвами

Назви	З артиклем the	Без артикля
Історичніподії і періоди	the French Revolution, the Stone Age	Roman Britain, Post-War Germany
Книги, фільми, документи	the Bible, the Odyssey, the Graduate, the Great Charter	Jaws
Газети, журнали, телебачення	the Times, the Economist (the press, the radio, the television)	Pravda, Korrespondent, Life, Time
Оркестри, музичні гурти	the Philadelphia Orchestra, the Beatles	uranDuran, DepecheMode
Музичніінструменти і танці	to play the piano/the violin/the guitar, to dance the tango. Thisisthe 1979 recording.	with Ellison on bass guitar